Need a Stats Person

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BUS-352-RS-Benchmark_BoDiddleyTech-Student.xlsx
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Instructions

Benchmark - Ethical Behavior of Business Students at Bo Diddley Tech
During the global recession of 2008 and 2009, there were many accusations of unethical behavior by Wall Street executives, financial managers, and other corporate officers. At that time, an article appeared that suggested that part of the reason for such unethical business behavior may have stemmed from the fact that cheating had become more prevalent among business students, according to a February 10, 2009, article in the Chronicle of Higher Education. The article reported that 56% of business students admitted to cheating at some time during their academic career as compared to 47% of nonbusiness students. Cheating has been a concern of the dean of the College of Business (COB) at Bo Diddley Tech (BDT) for several years. Some faculty members believe that cheating is more widespread at BDT than at other universities, whereas other faculty members think that cheating is not a major problem in the College of Business. To begin to address these issues, the dean of COB commissioned a study to assess the current ethical behavior of business students at BDT. As a former college athlete herself, the dean believed that the spirit of fair play students developed as part of participating in athletics would make them less likely to cheat. As part of this study, an anonymous exit survey was administered to a sample of 1,440 students from this year's graduating class, half of whom were business students and half of whom were not. The survey asked various questions, including the student's college (business or nonbusiness) and if the student was an athlete or a nonathlete. Responses of the various questions were fed into a computer algorithm (advance data analytics) that made a quantitative determination as to whether the student should be considered a "cheater" or not. The results are in the attached Excel spreadsheet, "Overview - Benchmark - Ethical Behavior of Business Students at Bo Diddley Tech." Utilize the data set in the Excel spreadsheet and select a randomized 100-unit sample from the original 1,440 exit surveys. You will use the DCOVAS framework. Reference readings in The Statistician In You: Simple Everyday Life-Hacks (TSIY).
The intent of this assignment is to organize your data using a pivot table, get a graphical understanding of the data through a bar chart, then do hypothesis testing comparing Bo Diddley Tech results versus the national average.
·         Define the problem.
·         Collect data from the appropriate source(s).
·         Organize data using tables.
·         Visualize data using a chart or graph.
·         Analyze data using a tool and/or calculation(s).
·         Solution: Provide a conclusion and solution.
The intent of this assignment is to organize your data using a pivot table, get a graphical understanding of the data through a bar chart, then do hypothesis testing comparing Bo Diddley Tech results versus the national average.
***Note: First, sort the data from smallest to largest to change the order of the dataset.***
All of your analysis should be done in the "Student_BM" tab of this spreadsheet and submitted as part of the assignmemt. The locations where the pivot table, bar chart, and relevant information should be placed in the Student_BM tab are indicated by RED instructions. Copy the first 100 data points including the labels of Column D, E, and F. Paste data in Student_BM Worksheet
Column G is a random number field and will keep changing.
Once completed, the "Student_BM" tab will serve as the basis for writing your management report. It is expected that any conclusions you draw in the management report will be consistent with the data and analyses contained in the spreadsheet.
Instructions for Data Analysis Component:
1.       Make a pivot table with "Business Student" (Rows), "Athlete" (Rows), "Cheated" (Columns), and "Cheated" (Summed Value).
2.       Create a bar chart showing cheating by athletes and business students.
3.       Determine whether there is a statistical difference between nonathlete BDT business students and the national average for business students as reported by the Chronicle of Higher Education (test for a proportion).
4.       Determine whether there is a statistical significance to business athlete students at BDT cheating less than the national average for business students as reported by the Chronicle of Higher Education (test for a proportion).
5.       Determine whether there is a statistical difference between BDT business students and the national average for business students as reported by the Chronicle of Higher Education. (test for a proportion).
6.       Determine whether there is a statistical difference between BDT nonbusiness students and the national average for nonbusiness students as reported by the Chronicle of Higher Education (test for a proportion).
7.       Determine whether there is a statistical difference between BDT business student-athletes and nonathletes (test for two sample proportions).
8.       Determine whether there is a statistical relationship among the four groups of business athlete students, nonbusiness athlete students, business nonathlete students, and nonbusiness nonathlete students at BDT (chi-square test of independence).
Instructions for Data Interpretation Component:
1.       Introduction (define): In your own words, explain why you are providing this report and the problem(s) you are trying to solve.
2.       Collect: Describe the data set you used.
3.       Organize: Describe your pivot table.
4.       Visualize: Include and describe your bar chart and initial perceptions of outcomes.
5.       Analyze: Provide a summary of your conclusions based on the four population proportion tests, a two-sample proportion test, and test for independence (refer to Chapter 5.2 in TSIY). Begin with the statement of Ho and Ha and whether it is an upper-, lower-, or 2-tailed test. Use the model results and decide whether to reject Ho using the critical values approach, p-value approach, and confidence interval estimation approach to hypothesis testing. Create a summary table of each the six tests.
6.       Ethical Summary: The dean has expressed a concern related to the amount of cheating currently taking place at BDT and has strongly suggested that you "tweak" the statistical data such that they favor the image of the university. Discuss the potential use of unethical manipulation of statistical data to provide a biased outcome as well as the ethical counter proposal you would offer the dean in this scenario.
7.       Conclusion: What advice would you give to the dean based upon your analysis of the data? Include your "SummaryResults" table.
8.       Reference page: Include at least three references to support the "Ethical Summary" section of your managerial report.
Review assigment directions for more details.

RawData

College Athlete Cheated recordShuffler <-- First, Sort data from Smallest to Largest
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Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.9671391872
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.159080684
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.4625562925
Non_Bus Ath Yes 0.6096304708
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.7279333215
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.1163397472
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.9021106174
Bus Ath Yes 0.7092764511
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.2607707826
Non_Bus Non_Ath No 0.1702238616
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.994717378
Bus Ath Yes 0.2499523
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.8647439864
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.3997034405
Non_Bus Non_Ath No 0.4339781716
Non_Bus Ath No 0.4185716595
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.7957564413
Bus Ath No 0.9839599792
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.3707407789
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.1199950659
Non_Bus Non_Ath No 0.2545055675
Bus Ath Yes 0.4613454139
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.5967762852
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.2954540594
Non_Bus Non_Ath No 0.5992050424
Non_Bus Ath No 0.397785799
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.8868232811
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.1459507893
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.7169848178
Non_Bus Ath Yes 0.5996121075
Non_Bus Non_Ath No 0.9590302315
Non_Bus Non_Ath No 0.9761242404
Non_Bus Ath No 0.6970390566
Bus Ath No 0.9857207102
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.9323790992
Non_Bus Ath Yes 0.5851516929
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.3760580644
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.8215992657
Non_Bus Ath No 0.6889005991
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.5097594614
Non_Bus Ath Yes 0.7859200451
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.100174827
Bus Ath Yes 0.538709714
Non_Bus Non_Ath No 0.9929169348
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.1591934097
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.9997602939
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.9216591363
Non_Bus Ath No 0.38882845
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.2873193885
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.579864446
Non_Bus Non_Ath No 0.5745801185
Non_Bus Ath No 0.9693822869
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.8135596358
Bus Ath Yes 0.8063276596
Non_Bus Ath Yes 0.548331438
Bus Ath Yes 0.3013940518
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.046115452
Bus Ath No 0.1474183682
Bus Non_Ath No 0.4145911525
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.1429213588
Non_Bus Ath No 0.90562218
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.9261164362
Non_Bus Non_Ath No 0.158927782
Bus Non_Ath No 0.1799522226
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.5273121712
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.2950035948
Bus Ath Yes 0.8812538858
Bus Ath Yes 0.4882991411
Non_Bus Ath Yes 0.5370363118
Non_Bus Ath Yes 0.9147242409
Bus Ath Yes 0.6934442175
Bus Ath No 0.3078214194
Bus Ath Yes 0.2151593017
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.9147194838
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.6043012293
Bus Ath Yes 0.9350160928
Non_Bus Ath Yes 0.2918877132
Bus Ath Yes 0.496767008
Bus Ath Yes 0.6470142994
Non_Bus Ath Yes 0.2537786302
Non_Bus Ath No 0.7394372032
Non_Bus Ath Yes 0.8491213082
Non_Bus Ath No 0.2709913664
Non_Bus Non_Ath No 0.7032772417
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.7426645581
Non_Bus Ath No 0.9915391537
Bus Ath No 0.6854582276
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.8560072743
Bus Ath Yes 0.4784187501
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.0715086252
Non_Bus Ath No 0.0690988296
Non_Bus Ath Yes 0.0388600714
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.700015634
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.9354606208
Non_Bus Ath No 0.1029370161
Non_Bus Ath No 0.7960308391
Bus Ath Yes 0.7044326912
Bus Non_Ath No 0.8955027254
Non_Bus Ath No 0.3569928157
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.0620308495
Bus Ath Yes 0.7888253563
Non_Bus Non_Ath No 0.3774588218
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.8249917217
Non_Bus Non_Ath No 0.0166119504
Non_Bus Ath Yes 0.8052952118
Non_Bus Ath No 0.5368274322
Bus Ath No 0.080909823
Bus Ath No 0.5994832276
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.8419321032
Non_Bus Ath No 0.5874357568
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.2131421112
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.0211696251
Bus Ath Yes 0.3269896577
Non_Bus Non_Ath No 0.707207988
Non_Bus Non_Ath No 0.1753447292
Bus Ath Yes 0.6603652906
Bus Ath Yes 0.5982218378
Non_Bus Ath No 0.3521768935
Non_Bus Ath No 0.8134392631
Non_Bus Non_Ath No 0.3098756404
Bus Ath Yes 0.8310994657
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.1638907254
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.3104186871
Bus Non_Ath No 0.5638186327
Non_Bus Ath Yes 0.2010960957
Non_Bus Non_Ath No 0.1713106316
Non_Bus Non_Ath No 0.015412244
Non_Bus Ath No 0.2503227057
Bus Ath Yes 0.4936744091
Non_Bus Ath No 0.8813309879
Non_Bus Ath Yes 0.2839208482
Bus Ath No 0.4225826473
Bus Ath Yes 0.5920146231
Non_Bus Ath No 0.7650872062
Bus Non_Ath No 0.8084672652
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.3502186843
Non_Bus Non_Ath No 0.8387571214
Bus Ath No 0.1464394091
Non_Bus Ath Yes 0.0996711666
Non_Bus Ath Yes 0.9217899818
Bus Ath Yes 0.9946080595
Non_Bus Ath No 0.1402865064
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.8519060993
Non_Bus Ath Yes 0.5891799314
Non_Bus Non_Ath No 0.0203384504
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.9644897439
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.9681486521
Non_Bus Ath Yes 0.3000352215
Non_Bus Non_Ath No 0.5874769687
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.1159234071
Bus Ath Yes 0.937736326
Bus Ath Yes 0.5273540197
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.5924176397
Bus Ath No 0.6831469037
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.4540733021
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.4316812372
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.3722965483
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.0223853633
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.5446675456
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.6594310328
Bus Ath No 0.4852258767
Non_Bus Ath Yes 0.7514968261
Non_Bus Ath Yes 0.2013632829
Non_Bus Non_Ath No 0.8669387379
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.1239477549
Bus Ath Yes 0.9031201284
Non_Bus Non_Ath No 0.552078735
Bus Ath Yes 0.5421855622
Non_Bus Ath Yes 0.7642604189
Non_Bus Ath No 0.5556642265
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.0507113143
Non_Bus Ath No 0.0325322973
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.8867046273
Non_Bus Ath Yes 0.1398434371
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.7717185037
Bus Ath Yes 0.2529979836
Non_Bus Ath Yes 0.2221644935
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.4904944978
Non_Bus Ath No 0.9435251548
Bus Ath Yes 0.0841573751
Non_Bus Non_Ath No 0.9271649447
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.1647086415
Bus Non_Ath No 0.4248474474
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.1304283263
Bus Ath No 0.3999962449
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.34311654
Bus Ath Yes 0.2825645592
Non_Bus Non_Ath No 0.4578331319
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.398964796
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.2340576534
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.8855069681
Bus Ath No 0.6061665004
Non_Bus Ath No 0.7041329646
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.9988405052
Non_Bus Ath No 0.0893073447
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.5900392259
Bus Ath Yes 0.3679839332
Non_Bus Ath No 0.7030619828
Non_Bus Ath Yes 0.3281803728
Non_Bus Ath Yes 0.7187445412
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.0470999482
Bus Ath Yes 0.1582867428
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.3451862185
Non_Bus Ath No 0.1528511008
Bus Ath Yes 0.8639032318
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.2504062609
Non_Bus Non_Ath No 0.8966876232
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.1910411218
Bus Ath No 0.7272655901
Non_Bus Ath No 0.7767264357
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.1033401928
Non_Bus Ath Yes 0.4441578712
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.4500178945
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.8895818617
Bus Ath No 0.0309189424
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.6368824973
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.1079984857
Non_Bus Non_Ath No 0.5959053187
Non_Bus Ath Yes 0.2832718975
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.1961618729
Non_Bus Ath No 0.4247431245
Bus Ath No 0.0223859279
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.1431096643
Non_Bus Non_Ath No 0.8760816274
Non_Bus Ath Yes 0.420395755
Non_Bus Ath No 0.7548081264
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.9946349587
Non_Bus Ath No 0.4462761401
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.830276908
Bus Ath No 0.2386655435
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.7219572379
Bus Non_Ath No 0.9569976819
Bus Ath No 0.2322409147
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.5884869801
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.9906357296
Bus Ath Yes 0.4018575566
Bus Ath Yes 0.0970219248
Bus Ath No 0.0307977117
Bus Non_Ath No 0.9634578585
Non_Bus Ath No 0.771802856
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.6557051512
Non_Bus Ath Yes 0.7845923827
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.1400691085
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.3543477206
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.7249343552
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.4237419153
Bus Ath Yes 0.8819237829
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.4511398317
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.6925097204
Bus Ath No 0.2683024311
Non_Bus Ath No 0.0229475005
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.5559765211
Non_Bus Non_Ath No 0.8218665007
Bus Ath Yes 0.5709763974
Non_Bus Ath Yes 0.4980551819
Non_Bus Ath Yes 0.5017842853
Non_Bus Ath Yes 0.1936414068
Non_Bus Ath Yes 0.3089899667
Bus Ath Yes 0.0019086238
Non_Bus Ath Yes 0.9425434864
Non_Bus Ath No 0.1111747369
Non_Bus Non_Ath No 0.4320224368
Bus Non_Ath No 0.1500461021
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.1838498207
Bus Ath No 0.3433055276
Non_Bus Non_Ath No 0.9591119366
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.8173460547
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.3331523791
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.1822578718
Bus Ath No 0.0842669725
Non_Bus Non_Ath No 0.4573687768
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.194541287
Non_Bus Ath Yes 0.1520209421
Bus Non_Ath No 0.3835192258
Non_Bus Ath No 0.4502840698
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.6700920099
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.3680379043
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.3771996225
Non_Bus Non_Ath No 0.8051786782
Non_Bus Ath No 0.9538406927
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.2258142686
Bus Non_Ath No 0.2448138696
Non_Bus Ath No 0.962463558
Bus Ath Yes 0.0350164617
Non_Bus Ath Yes 0.5014662066
Bus Ath No 0.88701185
Bus Ath No 0.6020667816
Non_Bus Ath No 0.4824902475
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.7048607769
Non_Bus Ath No 0.884626628
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.9732634023
Bus Ath Yes 0.3640576663
Non_Bus Ath No 0.3821927277
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.8894093917
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.7974169804
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.6465739301
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.6627198531
Bus Ath No 0.7187294408
Non_Bus Ath No 0.699107832
Non_Bus Ath Yes 0.4819412008
Non_Bus Non_Ath No 0.516912391
Bus Ath No 0.2662768775
Non_Bus Non_Ath No 0.0932611923
Non_Bus Ath No 0.188635984
Bus Ath Yes 0.364523144
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.2220083619
Non_Bus Ath No 0.8428522405
Bus Ath Yes 0.7012023819
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.5631162745
Bus Non_Ath No 0.247853332
Bus Ath No 0.6631824957
Bus Ath Yes 0.4203929544
Bus Ath Yes 0.5282189515
Bus Ath Yes 0.2062838531
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.903187583
Bus Ath Yes 0.9334824286
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.6872918462
Bus Ath Yes 0.0304103588
Non_Bus Non_Ath No 0.8918112118
Bus Ath No 0.5477951276
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.117318167
Bus Non_Ath Yes 0.5351717746
Non_Bus Ath Yes 0.4768599745

Student_BM

College Athlete Cheated 1. Pivot Table Nationwide Average % Cheated
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes Count of Cheated Column Labels Business 56%
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes Row Labels No Yes Grand Total Nonbusiness
Non_Bus Ath No Bus 14 33 47
Bus Non_Ath Yes Ath 10 11 21
Bus Non_Ath Yes Non_Ath 4 22 26
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes Non_Bus 27 26 53
Non_Bus Ath Yes Ath 15 11 26
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes Non_Ath 12 15 27
Non_Bus Ath No Grand Total 41 59 100
Non_Bus Non_Ath No
Non_Bus Ath Yes
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes
Non_Bus Non_Ath No
Non_Bus Non_Ath No
Bus Non_Ath Yes
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes
Bus Ath No
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes
Bus Ath No 2. Bar Chart
Non_Bus Ath No Bar chart starts in this cell - F22
Bus Non_Ath Yes
Bus Non_Ath Yes
Bus Non_Ath Yes
Bus Non_Ath Yes
Bus Ath Yes
Non_Bus Ath Yes
Bus Ath No
Bus Non_Ath Yes
Bus Non_Ath Yes
Bus Non_Ath No
Bus Non_Ath Yes
Bus Non_Ath Yes
Non_Bus Ath No
Bus Non_Ath No
Bus Non_Ath Yes
Bus Ath Yes
Bus Non_Ath Yes
Bus Ath Yes Insert the appropriate numbers into the hypothesis testing calculations below based upon your pivot table results. Note the results.
Non_Bus Ath No 3-7 Hypothesis Test
Non_Bus Non_Ath No Business Nonathlete vs. National Average Business Athlete vs. National Average Business vs. National Average Nonbusiness vs. National Average Business Athlete vs. Business Nonathlete
Bus Ath Yes Proportion Proportion Proportion Proportion p1 and p2 Proportion
Bus Non_Ath Yes Sample Size (n) =count(range) 100 Sample Size (n) =count(range) Sample Size (n) =count(range) Sample Size (n) =count(range) Athlete Nonathlete
Non_Bus Ath Yes Response of Interest (ROI) Cheated Response of Interest (ROI) Cheated Response of Interest (ROI) Cheated Response of Interest (ROI) Cheated Sample Size (n1 or n2) =COUNT(range)
Bus Ath Yes Count for Response (CFR) =COUNTIF(range,ROI) Count for Response (CFR) =COUNTIF(range,ROI) Count for Response (CFR) =COUNTIF(range,ROI) Count for Response (CFR) =COUNTIF(range,ROI) Response of Interest (ROI) Cheated Cheated
Bus Non_Ath Yes Sample Proportion (pbar) =CFR/n Sample Proportion (pbar) =CFR/n Sample Proportion (pbar) =CFR/n Sample Proportion (pbar) =CFR/n Count for Response (CFR) =COUNTIF(n1or2,ROI)
Non_Bus Ath No Sample Proportion (p1 or p2) =CFR1or2/n1or2
Bus Ath No Highlight your H0 and Ha Two Tail H0: p = po Ha: p ≠ po Left Tail H0: p ≥ po Ha: p < po Right Tail H0: p ≤ po Ha: p > po Highlight your H0 and Ha Two Tail H0: p = po Ha: p ≠ po Left Tail H0: p ≥ po Ha: p < po Right Tail H0: p ≤ po Ha: p > po Highlight your H0 and Ha Two Tail H0: p = po Ha: p ≠ po Left Tail H0: p ≥ po Ha: p < po Right Tail H0: p ≤ po Ha: p > po Highlight your H0 and Ha Two Tail H0: p = po Ha: p ≠ po Left Tail H0: p ≥ po Ha: p < po Right Tail H0: p ≤ po Ha: p > po Highlight your H0 and Ha Two Tail H0: p1-p2=0 Left Tail H0: p1-p2≥0 Right Tail H0: p1-p2≤0 Ha: p1-p2≠0 Ha: p1-p2<0 Ha: p1-p2>0
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes Hypothesized Hypothesized Hypothesized Hypothesized Hypothesized Value
Non_Bus Ath Yes Confidence Coefficient (Coe) 0.95 Confidence Coefficient (Coe) 0.95 Confidence Coefficient (Coe) 0.95 Confidence Coefficient (Coe) 0.95
Bus Non_Ath Yes Level of Significance (alpha) =1-Coe 0.05 Level of Significance (alpha) =1-Coe 0.05 Level of Significance (alpha) =1-Coe 0.05 Level of Significance (alpha) =1-Coe 0.05 Level of Sig. α 0.05
Bus Ath No Point Estimation of Difference (Point) =p1-p2 0
Non_Bus Ath No Standard Error (StdError) =SQRT(Hypo*(1-Hypo)/n) 0.0000 Standard Error (StdError) =SQRT(Hypo*(1-Hypo)/n) ERROR:#DIV/0! Standard Error (StdError) =SQRT(Hypo*(1-Hypo)/n) ERROR:#DIV/0! Standard Error (StdError) =SQRT(Hypo*(1-Hypo)/n) ERROR:#DIV/0!
Bus Ath Yes Test Statistic (Z-stat) =(pbar-Hypo)/StdError ERROR:#DIV/0! Test Statistic (Z-stat) =(pbar-Hypo)/StdError ERROR:#DIV/0! Test Statistic (Z-stat) =(pbar-Hypo)/StdError ERROR:#DIV/0! Test Statistic (Z-stat) =(pbar-Hypo)/StdError ERROR:#DIV/0! Pooled Estimation of p (PE) =(n1*p1+n2*p2)/(n1+n2) ERROR:#DIV/0!
Non_Bus Non_Ath No Accept or Reject: Left Tail ERROR:#DIV/0! Accept or Reject: Left Tail ERROR:#DIV/0! Accept or Reject: Left Tail ERROR:#DIV/0! Accept or Reject: Left Tail ERROR:#DIV/0! Standard Error (StdError) =SQRT(PE*(1-PE)*(1/n1+1/n2)) ERROR:#DIV/0!
Bus Non_Ath Yes Accept or Reject: Right Tail ERROR:#DIV/0! Accept or Reject: Right Tail ERROR:#DIV/0! Accept or Reject: Right Tail ERROR:#DIV/0! Accept or Reject: Right Tail ERROR:#DIV/0! Test Statistic Z-stat =(Point-Hypo)/StdError ERROR:#DIV/0!
Bus Non_Ath Yes Accept or Reject: Two Tail ERROR:#DIV/0! Accept or Reject: Two Tail ERROR:#DIV/0! Accept or Reject: Two Tail ERROR:#DIV/0! Accept or Reject: Two Tail ERROR:#DIV/0! Accept or Reject: Left Tail ERROR:#DIV/0!
Non_Bus Ath No Accept or Reject: Right Tail ERROR:#DIV/0!
Non_Bus Non_Ath No p-value (Lower Tail) =NORM.S.DIST(z,TRUE) ERROR:#DIV/0! p-value (Lower Tail) =NORM.S.DIST(z,TRUE) ERROR:#DIV/0! p-value (Lower Tail) =NORM.S.DIST(z,TRUE) ERROR:#DIV/0! p-value (Lower Tail) =NORM.S.DIST(z,TRUE) ERROR:#DIV/0! Accept or Reject: Two Tail ERROR:#DIV/0!
Non_Bus Ath No p-value (Upper Tail) =1-LowerTail ERROR:#DIV/0! p-value (Upper Tail) =1-LowerTail ERROR:#DIV/0! p-value (Upper Tail) =1-LowerTail ERROR:#DIV/0! p-value (Upper Tail) =1-LowerTail ERROR:#DIV/0!
Non_Bus Ath No p-value (Two Tail) =2*MIN(LowerTail,UpperTail) ERROR:#DIV/0! p-value (Two Tail) =2*MIN(LowerTail,UpperTail) ERROR:#DIV/0! p-value (Two Tail) =2*MIN(LowerTail,UpperTail) ERROR:#DIV/0! p-value (Two Tail) =2*MIN(LowerTail,UpperTail) ERROR:#DIV/0! p-value (Lower Tail) =NORM.S.DIST(Zstat,TRUE) ERROR:#DIV/0!
Non_Bus Ath No Accept or Reject p-value: Left Tail ERROR:#DIV/0! Accept or Reject p-value: Left Tail ERROR:#DIV/0! Accept or Reject p-value: Left Tail ERROR:#DIV/0! Accept or Reject p-value: Left Tail ERROR:#DIV/0! p-value (Upper Tail) =1-LowerTail ERROR:#DIV/0!
Non_Bus Ath Yes Accept or Reject p-value: Right Tail ERROR:#DIV/0! Accept or Reject p-value: Right Tail ERROR:#DIV/0! Accept or Reject p-value: Right Tail ERROR:#DIV/0! Accept or Reject p-value: Right Tail ERROR:#DIV/0! p-value (Two Tail) =2*MIN(LowerTail,UpperTail) ERROR:#DIV/0!
Non_Bus Ath Yes Accept or Reject p-value: Two Tail ERROR:#DIV/0! Accept or Reject p-value: Two Tail ERROR:#DIV/0! Accept or Reject p-value: Two Tail ERROR:#DIV/0! Accept or Reject p-value: Two Tail ERROR:#DIV/0! Accept or Reject p-value: Left Tail ERROR:#DIV/0!
Bus Non_Ath Yes Accept or Reject p-value: Right Tail ERROR:#DIV/0!
Bus Ath No p-Lower Limit =pbar-CONFIDENCE.NORM(alpha,StdError,n) ERROR:#NUM! p-Lower Limit =pbar-CONFIDENCE.NORM(alpha,StdError,n) ERROR:#DIV/0! p-Lower Limit =pbar-CONFIDENCE.NORM(alpha,StdError,n) ERROR:#DIV/0! p-Lower Limit =pbar-CONFIDENCE.NORM(alpha,StdError,n) ERROR:#DIV/0! Accept or Reject p-value: Two Tail ERROR:#DIV/0!
Bus Ath No p-Upper Limit =pbar+CONFIDENCE.NORM(alpha,StdError,n) ERROR:#NUM! p-Upper Limit =pbar+CONFIDENCE.NORM(alpha,StdError,n) ERROR:#DIV/0! p-Upper Limit =pbar+CONFIDENCE.NORM(alpha,StdError,n) ERROR:#DIV/0! p-Upper Limit =pbar+CONFIDENCE.NORM(alpha,StdError,n) ERROR:#DIV/0!
Bus Ath Yes
Non_Bus Ath No
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes
Bus Ath Yes
Bus Non_Ath Yes
Non_Bus Non_Ath No
Bus Non_Ath No
Non_Bus Non_Ath No Determine the count of noncheaters and cheaters for business students, nonbusiness students, all athletes, and all non-athletes and place the relevant numbers in the purple/grey area of the table below and note the conclusion.
Bus Non_Ath Yes
Non_Bus Non_Ath No 8. Test of Independence - Is cheating independent of college and athletic participation?
Non_Bus Ath Yes
Non_Bus Ath No Comparing the number of cheaters for business students, nonbusiness students, athletes, and nonathletes
Non_Bus Non_Ath No
Bus Ath Yes Ho: all groups cheat at the same rate
Non_Bus Non_Ath No Ha: there is a difference in cheating based upon college or athletic participation
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes
Bus Ath No Independent Variable
Non_Bus Ath Yes
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes Business Athlete Nonbusiness Athlete Business Nonathlete Nonbusiness Nonathlete Calculations
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes Dependent variable Obs Exp Obs Exp Obs Exp Obs Exp Total ERROR:#DIV/0! ERROR:#DIV/0! ERROR:#DIV/0! ERROR:#DIV/0!
Bus Ath No Did Not Cheat ERROR:#DIV/0! ERROR:#DIV/0! ERROR:#DIV/0! ERROR:#DIV/0! 0 ERROR:#DIV/0! ERROR:#DIV/0! ERROR:#DIV/0! ERROR:#DIV/0!
Non_Bus Ath Yes Cheated ERROR:#DIV/0! ERROR:#DIV/0! ERROR:#DIV/0! ERROR:#DIV/0! 0
Non_Bus Ath Yes Total 0 0 0 0 0
Non_Bus Non_Ath No
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes Chi square test statistic = ERROR:#DIV/0!
Non_Bus Non_Ath Yes Level of signicance 0.05
Bus Non_Ath No
Non_Bus Ath No # of rows 2
Bus Ath Yes # of columns 4
Bus Ath No df = 3 df = (rows - 1)(columns - 1)
Bus Ath Yes p-value = ERROR:#DIV/0!
Non_Bus Ath No Chi square critical 7.8147
Bus Non_Ath Yes
Conclusion: ERROR:#DIV/0!

No Ath Non_Ath Ath Non_Ath Bus Non_Bus 10 4 15 12 Yes Ath Non_Ath Ath Non_Ath Bus Non_Bus 11 22 11 15

SummaryResults

Hypothesis Test Rejection Region (Tail) Critical Value Test Statistics Reject (Yes/No) P-value Interpretation
Business Nonathlete vs. National Average
Business Athlete vs. National Average
Business vs. National Average
Nonbusiness vs. National Average
Business Athlete vs. Business Nonathlete
Test of Independence