Energy management (building project)

ENERGY AND WATER AUDIT

ROSEWOOD VILLAGE, RICHMOND, BC

JANUARY 2019

3 EXISTING ENERGY AND WATER PERFORMANCE

3.1 ANNUAL ENERGY AND WATER COSTS

Rosewood Village is supplied with energy and water from the following sources:

— Electricity from BC Hydro, the local electricity utility, and

— Natural Gas from Fortis BC, the local natural gas utility.

— Water from the City of Richmond, the local water provider.

.

The following table outlines the annual energy, electricity, gas, carbon and water usages for the different metered categories

at Rosewood Village for the most recent 12 months. Note that townhouse natural gas consumption and water bills could not

be made available due to privacy considerations; therefore, these usages are calculated based on energy modeling, equipment

capacities, and estimated usage patterns.

Table 1 - BASELINE DATA (OCTOBER 2017- SEPTEMBER 2018)

Utility Cost GHG (tons)

Electricity (Common) 69,559 kWh 69,559 kWh 0.11 $/kWh $7,864 0.8

Electricity (Tenant) 737,051 kWh 737,051 kWh 0.10 $/kWh $76,642 8.1

Natural Gas (Common) 3,761 GJ 1,044,731 ekWh 8.50 $/GJ $31,981 194.3

Natural Gas (Tenant) 3,222 GJ 895,007 ekWh 10.29 $/GJ $33,151 166.5

Water 20,113 m3 1.18 $/m3 $23,648 -

2,850,845 ekWh $434,286 369.7Total CostTotal Equiv. Energy Consumption

Consumption Equivalent

Consumption Average Unit Cost

N/A

APPENDIX

B BUILDING DESCRIPTION

APPENDIX B

BUILDING DESCRIPTION

The Rosewood Village comprises of three building types as summarized below:

BUILDING DETAILS

Name and Address Rosewood Village- 8220, 8240, 8260, and 8280 No.2 Road, Richmond

Year Constructed 1975

Envelope

Floor: Slab on grade with foam insulation

Walls: Wood frame with 2 x 4 framing and batt insulation, vapour barrier and gypsum board

Roofs: 2 x 6 rafters with blown insulation, vapour barrier and gypsum board

BUILDING FLOOR AREA AND UNITS SUMMARY

BUILDING

ADDRESS

BUILDING

TYPE

NUMBER OF

STOREY

NUMBER OF

UNITS 1-BR 2-BR 3-BR

NUMBER OF

OCCUPANTS

8220 Apartment 2 36 16 20 - 56

8240 Apartment 2 36 16 20 - 56

8260 Office 1 - - - - -

8280 Townhouse 2 66 - - 66 165

TOTAL - 138 32 40 66 310

SITE PLAN AND FLOOR AREAS Numbers shown below are gross floor areas in m2.

716 477

477

477

477

7

2

2

7

2

2

7

2

2 597

5

7

3 579 955

3318

3318

APPENDIX B

SYSTEM DESCRIPTION The following tables summarizes the building systems for apartments, townhouses, and office building:

SYSTEM APARTMENT

Controls — Each unit in the apartment has individual thermostat control.

Space Heating

— Space heating is provided by hydronic baseboard system served by central gas-fired condensing boilers with modulating MatriX burner located in the mechanical room. The

boilers are new and replaced in 2014.

— Make: VITADENS 200-W — Model: B2HA 80 — Quantity: 4 in each apartment building — Capacity: 178,000 btu/hr (IBR) — Efficiency: 92% — Storage Tank – Rheem ST-120 (115 US gallons)- #2 in each apartment building.

— The hydronic hot water loop is a primary/secondary loop system. The primary loop is circulated by dedicated 1/6HP constant speed pumps (P1 to P4) for each boiler. The

secondary loop is circulated by 1.25HP variable speed pumps (P5 and P6) which operate

lead/lag.

Space Cooling — No cooling

Ventilation — No dedicated mechanical system is present for ventilation. The fresh outdoor air is

introduced manually through operable windows.

Domestic Hot Water — Domestic hot water is provided by the central boiler as used for the space heating.

Domestic Cold Water

— City fed, at city water pressure — Water fixtures primarily consist of:

— Toilets: 1.6 GPF — Lavatory faucets: 1.5 and 2.2 GPM — Showers: 2.5 GPM — Kitchen faucets: 2.2 GPM — Washers are provided by the tenants and therefore excluded from our inventory

Interior and Exterior

Lighting

— Interior lighting — 4ft T8 32W fluorescent luminaire in kitchen and bathrooms. — 13W, 23W, and 26W CFL fixtures in entrance, hallways, dinning, and stairs

— Exterior lighting — 13W and 26W CFL in porch, patio and exterior wall.

— 10% of all the fixtures are replaced to LED’s

Receptacle Equipment’s

— Standard refrigerator is provided by BC housing — Make: Danby, Frigidaire, GE and Westinghouse — Year: Mostly between 2004 and 2018. Few of them were from 1994 — Capacity: Between 11 and 17 cubic feet

— Electric stove range — Make: Danby, Frigidaire, Kelvinator and Westinghouse — Year: Mostly between 2004 and 2018. Few of them were from 1993 and 1997

— Kitchen exhaust fan — Make: BROAN BP-10 — Airflows: 180-210 cfm

— Washers and dryer are provided by the tenants and therefore excluded from our inventory.

APPENDIX B

SYSTEM TOWNHOUSES

Controls — Each townhouse has thermostat control for the furnace

Space Heating

— Space heating is provided by the gas furnace ducted to the room and the air supplied by discharge grille.

— Make: KEEPRITE (some townhomes have LENNOX G8 furnace) — Model: GDE0775B12A1 — Quantity:1 in each townhouse

Space Cooling — No cooling

Ventilation

— No dedicated mechanical system is present for ventilation. The fresh outdoor air is introduced manually through operable windows and through the bathroom operation of

exhaust fan.

Domestic Hot Water

— Each townhouse has an electric hot water which 98% efficient. — Make: JJJ John Wood Pro Series — Model: JW50SDE1 — Quantity: 1 — Power: 3000W

Domestic Cold Water

— City fed, at city water pressure — Water fixtures primarily consist of:

— Toilets: 1.6 GPF — Lavatory faucets: 1.5 and 2.2 GPM — Showers: 2.5 GPM — Kitchen faucets: 2.2 GPM — Washers are provided by the tenants and therefore excluded from our inventory

Interior and Exterior

Lighting

— Interior lighting — 4ft T8 32W fluorescent luminaire in kitchen and bathrooms. — 13W, 23W, and 26W CFL fixtures in entrance, hallways, dinning, and stairs

— Exterior lighting — Combination of 13W CFL and 60W incandescent bulbs in porch, patio and exterior wall — 10% of all the fixtures are replaced to LED’s

Receptacle Equipment’s

— Standard refrigerator is provided by BC housing. — Make: Danby, Frigidaire, GE and Westinghouse — Year: Mostly between 2004 and 2018. Few of them were from 1994. — Capacity: Between 11 and 17 cubic feet.

— Electric stove range is provided by BC housing. — Make: Danby, Frigidaire, Kelvinator and Westinghouse — Year: Mostly between 2004 and 2018. Few of them were from 1993 and 1997.

— Kitchen exhaust fan — Make: BROAN BP-100 — Airflows: 180-210 cfm

— Washers and dryer are provided by the tenants and therefore excluded from our inventory.

APPENDIX B

SYSTEM OFFICE BUILDING

Controls — Office wall mounted thermostat control.

Space Heating

— Natural Gas Furnace — Make: Rheem — Model: R96TA1001621MSA — Input rating: 199,000 btu/hr (max.) — AFUE: 95%

Space Cooling — Air source Heat pump, nameplate ratings couldn’t be read due to fencing for theft

prevention.

Ventilation — No dedicated mechanical system is present for ventilation. The fresh outdoor air is

introduced manually through operable windows.

Domestic Hot Water

— Natural gas instantaneous water heater — Make: Navien — Capacity: 4.85 GPM — Efficiency: 95%

Domestic Cold Water

— City fed, at city water pressure — Water fixtures primarily consist of:

— Toilets: 1.6 GPF — Lavatory faucets: 1.5 and 2.2 GPM — Showers: 2.5 GPM — Kitchen faucets: 2.2 GPM

Interior and Exterior

Lighting

— Interior Lighting — Main office space is provided by 2 x 4ft T8 32W fluorescent lamps. — Storage, bathrooms, and kitchen space are installed with a 9W and 13W LED lamps.

— Exterior Parking Lighting — High Pressure Sodium (HPS) lamps of 150W and 250W — Controlled by photocell

Receptacle Equipment’s — Standard refrigerator, electric stove and washer and dryer is provided by BC housing. — 5 x desktop computers

APPENDIX

C UTILITY DATA

APPENDIX C

UTILITY DATA

ELECTRICITY

BC Hydro supplies electricity to the site and invoices from January 2015 to October 2017 were analyzed for this assessment.

The following graph shows the electricity consumption of Rosewood Village common and tenant consumption during this

period. Common areas have shown a slight reduction in consumption over the years with higher usage during the winter

periods due to increased exterior lighting runtimes controlled via photocells. Tenant usage shows relatively consistent

consumption throughout the year with slightly higher consumption during the colder periods since domestic hot water is

heated electrically. Overall tenant consumption has remained relatively consistent over the years.

APPENDIX C

NATURAL GAS

Fortis BC supplies natural gas to the site, and invoices from October 2016 to September 2018 were analyzed for this

assessment. Analysis is carried out individually for the two apartments and the office building. No natural gas invoices were

provided for townhouses due to privacy issues. All three buildings have shown consistent consumption, with variations

within typical annual tolerances.

APPENDIX C

APPENDIX

D END-USE BREAKDOWN

APPENDIX D

END-USE BREAKDOWN

The following graph shows the estimated energy end use breakdown for the Rosewood Village Site. This serves to illustrate

the magnitude of energy used by the different systems. Space heating constitutes a significant portion of the site’s energy

usage due to the construction of these 1975 buildings which have higher envelope thermal losses and infiltration. High usage

is also attributed to plug loads which include the electric stove and refrigerators. Domestic hot water also contributes

significantly to energy usage but it is inline with typical residential building usages.

ELECTRICTY

BREAKDOWN

CONSUMPTION

(EKWH)

EUI

(KWH/M2)

% OF TOTAL

ENERGY

% OF TOTAL

ELECTRICAL

COST

($)

% OF TOTAL

COST

Fans 9,018 0.6 0% 1% $ 945 1%

Pumps 19,605 1.4 1% 2% $ 2,054 1%

Townhouse DHW 446,633 31.4 16% 55% $ 46,792 31%

Cooling 1,349 0.1 0% 0% $ 141 0%

Lighting 106,498 7.5 4% 13% $ 11,157 7%

Plug Loads 223,507 15.7 8% 28% $ 23,416 16%

Subtotal 806,610 56.7 29% 100% $ 84,506 56%

NATURAL GAS

BREAKDOWN CONSUMPTION (GJ)

EUI

(KWH/M2)

% OF TOTAL

ENERGY

% OF TOTAL

GAS

COST

($)

% OF

TOTAL

COST

Apartment Heating 2,319 45.3 23% 33% $ 19,722 13%

Apartment DHW 1,284 25.1 13% 18% $ 10,918 7%

Townhouse Heating 3,222 62.9 33% 46% $ 33,151 22%

Office Space Heating 146 2.8 1% 2% $ 1,239 1%

Office DHW 12 0.2 0% 0% $ 102 0%

Subtotal 6,983 136.4 71% 100% $ 65,132 44%

WATER

BREAKDOWN CONSUMPTION (M3)

WUI

(M3/M2)

% OF TOTAL

WATER

COST

($)

Toilets 3,085 0.2 15% $ 3,628

Showers 7,664 0.5 38% $ 9,012

Kitchen Faucets 3,379 0.2 17% $ 3,973

Washroom Faucets 3,553 0.2 18% $ 4,178

Washers 2,431 0.2 12% $ 2,858

Subtotal 20,113 1.4 100% $ 23,648

APPENDIX D

ENERGY END-USE BREAKDOWN Space heating contributes to 58% of the overall site usage, while domestic hot water constitutes 29%. Neither of the buildings

onsite have a central ventilation system and therefore fan consumption is negligible. Circulation pumps are only utilized at

the apartment central boiler plants. Plug loads include cooking equipment, refrigerators, laundry machine and dryer, the

consumption of which are all paid for by the tenants.

ENERGY COST BREAKDOWN An estimated energy cost breakdown follows. Comparison of this figure with the energy use breakdown figure above

illustrates the energy cost differences between electricity and natural gas. Electricity is approximately 3 times more expensive

than natural gas, per kWh.

Domestic hot water heating is the dominant cost category since townhouses have electric domestic hot water heating.

APPENDIX D

ELECTRICITY ENERGY BREAKDOWN A consumption end use breakdown for electricity is shown below. Townhouse domestic hot water heating is the highest

category, followed by plug loads which include electric stoves, refrigerators, laundry machine, and dryers as the key

contributors.

NATURAL GAS ENERGY BREAKDOWN A consumption end use breakdown for natural gas is shown below. Natural gas use is dominated by space heating due to old

envelope construction with high heat loss and infiltration. Apartment space heating usage is determined through analysis of

natural gas utility bills by extracting the weather dependant portion of gas consumption, the remaining weather independent

portion is attributed to domestic hot water heating.

Original PUMA data

Year Month

Electrical Fuel Total Energy Total

Consumption Cost2 Consumption Cost2 Consumption Cost2

kWh $ GJ ekWh $ ekWh $

2015

January 90,053 9,791 231 64,083 2,202 154,137 11,993

February 79,545 8,651 363 100,960 3,479 180,506 12,129

March 84,357 9,304 369 102,397 3,274 186,754 12,578

April 77,696 8,745 295 82,019 2,472 159,714 11,217

May 74,588 8,476 211 58,703 1,831 133,291 10,307

June 67,671 7,718 136 37,658 1,229 105,329 8,948

July 66,779 7,633 109 30,173 1,011 96,952 8,645

August 65,529 7,498 127 35,232 1,155 100,760 8,652

September 68,034 7,780 183 50,739 1,588 118,773 9,367

October 74,795 8,565 284 79,004 2,442 153,799 11,007

November 79,238 9,091 380 105,680 3,201 184,918 12,292

December 89,803 10,351 481 133,556 3,770 223,360 14,121

Overall: 918,089 103,603 3,169 880,203 27,654 1,798,292 131,256

2016

January 87,724 10,127 460 127,797 3,478 215,521 13,605

February 79,181 9,148 376 104,395 2,862 183,576 12,010

March 79,837 9,323 358 99,441 2,639 179,277 11,962

April 74,417 8,815 264 73,224 1,883 147,640 10,697

May 74,218 8,843 203 56,380 1,504 130,599 10,348

June 69,917 8,337 172 47,707 1,292 117,625 9,630

July 70,427 8,413 146 40,685 1,145 111,112 9,558

August 70,716 8,435 135 37,515 1,055 108,231 9,490

September 72,158 8,639 193 53,589 1,541 125,746 10,180

October 77,675 9,310 272 75,634 2,206 153,309 11,516

November 80,258 9,183 356 98,989 2,834 179,247 12,017

December 88,899 9,479 506 140,599 3,988 229,498 13,468

Overall: 925,428 108,053 3,441 955,954 26,428 1,881,382 134,482

2017

January 88,281 9,172 521 144,794 4,132 233,075 13,304

February 77,351 8,005 430 119,401 3,421 196,752 11,426

March 81,876 8,545 420 116,732 3,343 198,608 11,889

April 75,694 7,985 342 95,107 2,748 170,801 10,733

May 73,605 7,762 275 76,463 2,243 150,068 10,006

June 66,766 7,015 203 56,294 1,689 123,060 8,705

July 68,225 7,164 164 45,570 1,404 113,796 8,568

August 68,373 7,174 144 39,968 1,251 108,341 8,425

September 69,867 7,319 195 54,261 1,632 124,128 8,952

October 76,063 7,981 318 88,426 2,569 164,490 10,550

November 76,719 8,476 388 107,907 3,095 184,626 11,572

December 84,997 10,174 461 128,013 3,469 213,010 13,643

Overall: 907,817 96,775 3,863 1,072,939 30,996 1,980,756 127,771

2018

January 85,535 10,485 455 126,348 3,330 211,883 13,815

February 75,552 9,285 413 114,836 3,027 190,388 12,312

March 78,921 9,798 431 119,789 3,167 198,710 12,965

April 72,874 9,157 328 91,166 2,444 164,040 11,601

May 72,461 9,152 240 66,599 1,833 139,060 10,985

June 67,005 8,503 174 48,408 1,372 115,413 9,874

July 67,971 8,629 140 38,907 1,140 106,877 9,768

August 67,245 8,532 98 27,118 861 94,363 9,393

September 67,816 8,578 107 29,812 943 97,628 9,521

October 73,764 9,311 317 87,958 2,367 161,722 11,678

November 51,020 6,440 434 120,527 3,162 171,547 9,602

December 12,439 1,567 165 45,770 1,212 58,209 2,779

Overall: 792,603 99,437 3,302 917,237 24,857 1,709,841 124,294

ECM 01: Install air source heat pump for townhouses

Townhouses are heated by a gas-fired furnace which provide recirculated air throughout the building.

The furnaces are at the end of its service life and scheduled to be replaced.

Total ECM cost: $490,000

ECM 02: Upgrade wall cavity insulation and add exterior insulation

Current wall construction were at the Townhouses, Apartment, and Office Building are of two types, both have an estimated effective R-value of 8 which is below current standards.

Total ECM cost: $793,000