Health Assessment and Communication
sdesimone
BSN-FP4010_TallarineSamantha_Assessment4-1.pptxProfessional Development
Samantha Tallarine
Capella University
Health Promotion and Disease Prevention in Vulnerable and Diverse Populations
September, 2018
CAM and Spirituality for Health Care Workers
Organizational education plan:
What is CAM?
Nurses role in providing spiritual care
Who can benefit from CAM?
CAM = Complementary and alternative medicine
“CAM is defined as various practices and products that are not considered part of conventional medicine. Complementary medicine refers to practices and products that are used together with conventional medicine, while alternative medicine refers those that are used in place of it.” (Topuz, Uysal & Yilmaz, 2015) Complementary medicine can be used in conjunction with traditional medical practices, maybe in order to alleviate side effects. Alternative medicine can be used when a patient maybe feels their medication is not effective, or if they would rather not take part in polypharmacy.
Nurses can specifically play a major role in integrating CAM into normal practice. If they make their patients feel confident and comfortable to consider CAM, it opens up the door for questions and potential use. Nurses need to be educated on different CAM practices in order to give their patients correct information, and help integrate it into their plans of care.
Who can benefit?
Cancer patients (specifically patient’s on chemotherapy and radiation)
Patient’s with allergy medications
Palliative care patients
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Ethical and Legal Principles of CAM
Ethical Principles
Autonomy
Beneficence
Non-maleficence
Legal Principles
Independent self-regulation.(Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Doctors [CAMDOC] Alliance, n.d.)
Ethical Principles:
Autonomy
Patient’s have the right to make their own decisions when it comes to their healthcare. In providing patient’s with the option of partaking in either traditional medicine, alternative medicine, or a blend of the two (complementary), it ensures they are making a well informed choice in their plan of care. In order to educate patients on their options, healthcare workers need to be educated on all forms of care, and be willing to comply with a patient’s autonomy.
Beneficence
This ethical principle is to help a patient advance his/her own good. By providing patients with well rounded information on all forms of healthcare at their disposal you give them the tools to choose their plan of care the way they see fit.
Non-maleficence
Do no harm. Having healthcare professionals take an oath to make sure their patients receive the best care possible, and with no harm done to them allows patients to feel safe in their care. With doctors and nurses armed with the knowledge of CAM, it will ensure patients receive high quality care that will not cause further harm to them.
Legal Principles:
Independent Self-Regulation
In order to be government-approved a CAM professional must be registered to provide the necessary self-regulation within the CAM practices.
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Economic Principles of CAM
Evaluations of cost
Evaluation of effectiveness
Patient perspective
Data availability
CAM treatment needs to be evaluated in order to determine if it can be covered by health insurance, and what the overall impact will be for the patient. Most forms of treatment are not covered under insurance, therefore patients need to weigh the pros vs. cons when it comes to choosing their plan of care. The use of CAM needs to be brought into the light, and be readily available for patient’s to understand. Data also needs to be collected about which therapies are being used, and how effective they really are. In compiling data about the effectiveness, as well as the cost of treatment, patient’s will be empowered to make a well-rounded decision. The more data that becomes available, the more educated health care practitioner's can become on complementary and alternative medical practices. With doctors and nurses as advocates for a multi-faceted treatment plan, patients will become more comfortable disclosing their alternative therapies; this will allow for open and honest communication between patients and their doctors and nurses.
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Global Impact of Ethical, Legal, and Economic Principles of CAM
Global acceptance is causing a greater demand for complementary and alternative treatment methods
Patients thrive off taking their treatments into their own hands
Complementary medicine allows for some pharmaceutical and medicinal interventions as well as alternative methods
Global Acceptance:
“Although the use of CAM therapies has been increasing in recent years, the debate about the clinical efficacy of these therapies has been controversial amongst many medical professionals.” (Walker, Armson, Hodgetts, Jacques, Chin, Kow, Lee, Wong & Wright, 2017) This is because most medical professionals are not traditionally trained in complementary and alternative medical practices. In order to increase the use of CAM, medical and nursing schools need to integrate CAM practices into their curriculum. When CAM practices become a normal occurrence in patient’s plans of care, it will allow them to be open and honest when requesting help, and will ensure a better delivery of care.
Patient Autonomy:
Patient’s have the opportunity to partake in many modes of care when CAM is offered to them. Instead of just having one option from their healthcare provider, they are able to pick and choose which pharmaceutical interventions or alternative options they will include in their plan of care. This ensures patient’s are remaining autonomous, and will increase satisfaction.
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Affects of Traditional Medicine, CAM, Spiritual, and Holistic Care on Individual Action Plans
Pros/Cons of traditional medicine (TM) and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)
Pros/Cons of spiritual and holistic care
Traditional Medicine (TM) and Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM):
Pros:
Evidence based practice is readily available, and there are many research studies done each year to back up new findings
Side effects and adverse effects are thoroughly explored, and weighed out when developing treatment plans
Doctors and other health care providers are most knowledgeable when it comes to traditional medicine and certain CAM practices, therefore will be most supportive of this plan of care
Insurance covers traditional medicine, and most CAM modalities
Cons:
Pharmaceutical companies drive the entire medical field, and doctors get incentive to prescribe certain drugs
Pharmacological interventions are the foremost part of a patient’s treatment plan, especially in hospitals
CAM is not always widely accepted, so patient’s may not be forthcoming with their doctors that they are using the different practices
Spiritual and Holistic Care:
Pros:
Treatment is completely in the patient’s hands
Spiritual beliefs can help to raise patient’s hopes and beliefs, and give them positive outlooks
Embracing spirituality can lead to joining different organizations, and having a big supportive community
Cons:
Research is scarce on how holistic care effects the use of pharmaceutical products, can be potentially dangerous or fatal for patients
Ingredients aren’t always clear, and patient’s can be putting themselves in harm way or allergic reactions
Not recognized by insurance companies, and can lead to exponentially high medical bills
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Affects of Traditional Medicine, CAM, Spiritual, and Holistic Care on The Asian Population
39.9% Asian CAM users
Higher usage in women
Use of dietary and herbal supplements
Vegetarian and plant-based diets
Asian American women are more likely to use CAM practices than their male counterparts. Associated factors linked to CAM usage are gender, educational level, acculturation, and tobacco use. It was found that women with a ”high school education or below, no health insurance, lack of English proficiency, and those who did not use tobacco reported a higher use of CAM.” (Balagopal, Klatt & Geraghty, 2010) CAM use also was found to correlate with those who considered themselves spiritual beings. The number of Asian CAM and holistic care users is growing within the United States because there has been an great influx of Asian immigrants. This means that the need for doctors and nurses to increase their knowledge on these specific practices has exponentially grown as well. With the ever changing population needs, healthcare providers need to endure continuing education to keep up and care for their patients safely.
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Resources for Educational Plan
HealthCare Chaplaincy Network
Professional Continuing Education (PCE)
Clinical Pastoral Education (CPE)
The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM)
Conclusion
Although CAM practices are slowly being brought into the light within the medical community, it has been shown that healthcare providers still lack some of the most basic knowledge. Curriculums within medical and nursing schools need to be altered to include CAM practices. This will allow healthcare providers the insight to offer their patients multiple ways to care for them, and ensure patient autonomy. On top of that, if patients feel comfortable to disclose they are using CAM or holistic practices, it will decrease many medication errors that are seen when patients are not forthcoming with their home treatments.
References
Complementary and Alternative Medicine Alliance. (n.d.). The regulatory status of complementary and alternative medicine for medical doctors in Europe. Retrieved from http://camdoc.eu/Pdf/CAMDOCRegulatoryStatus8_10.pdf
Complementary and alternative medicine in the united states. (2005). Retrieved from https://ebookcentral-proquest- com.library.capella.edu
Klafke, N., Mahler, C., von Hagens, C., Blaser, G., Bentner, M., & Joos,S. (2016). Developing and implementing a complex complementary and alternative (CAM) nursing intervention for breast and gynecologic cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy--report from the CONGO (complementary nursing in gynecologic oncology) study. Supportive Care in Cancer, 24(5), 2341-2350. doi:http:// dx.doi.org.library.capella.edu/10.1007/s00520-015-3038-5
References
Misra, R., Balagopal, P., Klatt, M., & Geraghty, M. (2010). Complementary and alternative medicine use among Asian Indians in the United States: A national study. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 16(8), 843–852.
Topuz, S., Uysal, G., & Yilmaz, A. A. (2015). Knowledge and opinions of nursing students regarding complementary and alternative medicine for cancer patients. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 8(3), 656-664. Retrieved from http://library.capella.edu/login?qurl=https%3A%2 %2Fsearch.proquest.com%2Fdocview%2F1732805856%3Faccounti d%3D27965
References
Walker, B. F., Armson, A., Hodgetts, C., Jacques, A., Chin, F. E., Kow, G., Wright, A. (2017). Knowledge, attitude, influences and use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) among chiropractic and nursing students. Chiropractic & Manual Therapies, 25doi:http://dx.doi.org.library.capella.edu/10.1186/ s12998-017-0160-0
Zupančič, V., & Krope, K. (2017). Pilot study on the responsiveness of nurses to the Patient’s request for complementary medicine. Journal of Health Sciences, 7(2), 115-123. doi:http:// dx.doi.org.library.capella.edu/10.17532/jhsci.2017.386
