conflict&negotiations
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Brexitandculture.docxRunning head: BREXIT AND CULTURE 1
BREXIT AND CULTURE 9
Brexit and Culture
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Brexit has become an international topic and although it is going to affect the European Union and the United Kingdom most, the world cannot help but be pulled into the co that Brexit has created. This is based on the various issues which Brexit is affecting the norm of things and changing the relationship that the European Union and the United Kingdom are going to be having. Brexit was driven by the United Kingdom referendum to leave the European Union and in doing so; the country would be able to make its policies independent of the economic block which has a lot of influence on the economic policies of the member countries as well as advocating for an open border policy. The exit of Brexit was supposed to be smooth but it has been faced by various issues, rooted on its platform for wanted independence as well as the realization that it is going to be facing major challenges in trading with the European Union and also in relation to the boundaries of Northern Ireland and Ireland. (Monk & Winslade, 2013)
Cultural conflict
Brexit was based on the fact that most of the people, who were voting, thought of the cultural diffusion in the United Kingdom based on the increased migrants who were in the United Kingdom. This is based on the fact that the European Union supports an open border policy which makes it easy for citizen if member countries to work within the union and any country with ease. This meant that some of the country that had open border policies and would allow immigrants into their country and readily offer refugee status. The refugee status allows the refugees to be treated almost as citizens and they are able to move around the European Union with little restrictions which greatly leads to culture dilution as more cultures are introduced in the United Kingdom. (Grynberg, Walter & Wasserfallen, , 2019)
The United Kingdom also had to deal with the aspect that Scotland had just filed for separation from the United Kingdom and this showcases that the kingdom was united. However, the referendum to exit brought further discord in the United Kingdom, as Scotland and Northern Ireland largely voted for remain in the European Union while England and Wales largely voted for exit the European Union (Schimmelfennig, 2018). These cultural issues are further an illustration of the conflict that exists within the European Union. With the United Kingdom leaving the European Union, it would mean that Ireland and Northern Ireland would have a hard border which would separate families and friends and people are afraid that this will lead to more wars and hostilities in The Troubles which was a civil war era that occurred between 1971 and 1998, which led to Northern Ireland being part of the United Kingdom.
Economic conflict
One of the main issues that the United Kingdom has had to deal with, is the issue that their economy is one of the most stable economies in the world and more so in the European Union. Following the American financial crisis of 2007, Europe faced a huge financial crisis with the effect being felt in Greece and Italy. This forced other European Union member countries to have to bail out the Greek economy and this led to member countries having to suffer financially (Busch & Matthes, 2016). This is one of the factors that drive United Kingdom voters to vote against remaining in the European Union. This has created the need for the United Kingdom economy to be autonomous and not to be influenced by the financial and economic policies of other countries and as well as of other economic blocks. (Busch & Matthes, 2016)
The economic independence of the United Kingdom is also infringed upon by the fact that companies in the choice of establishing their headquarters in other countries. This led to some of the counties relocating their headquarters and this highly affected the economic prosperity of the United Kingdom. The enactment of Brexit would mean that the companies would be free to operate in the United Kingdom but they will pay taxes to the United Kingdom government and still pay to the European Union. The United Kingdom will be able to grow economically and companies which are operating in the country will benefit the economy by employing the local population as well as paying more taxes in the local community.
Vote after Brexit
After the Brexit vote the realization of how complicated life would become into being a reality. This is based on the fact that the government and the people who were campaigning for the remain vote, were not actively doing this and had not prepared people psychologically. This is based on the fact that some of the companies in the United Kingdom, started to show indications that they would relocate their headquarters and production facilities to other economies either within Europe or outside of Europe where the trade incentives were higher. This has led to people in the United Kingdom being wearier of what their decision to leave the European Union means and what can happen. (Dhingra, Ottaviano, Sampson, & Van Reenen, , 2016)
One of the major issues was the fact that the European Union and the United Kingdom would lose a huge amount of funds due to the regulations which would be in place. This is based on the fact that the customs union which included the United Kingdom would lead to good and people entering and exiting the United Kingdom would take longer to test and ensure that they met the regulations which are set by the regulatory bodies of the two regions. This would mean more time aspect at the customs leading to more funds being used and also limiting the number of trucks which would be crossing from the European Union and the United Kingdom and the other way round. (Schimmelfennig, 2018)
Brexit also brought about the aspect of Ireland and northern and the reunification of the two countries. This is based on the fact that Northern Ireland and Ireland are on an island which is separated from the other Wales, Scotland, and England. The countries have always hard a soft border which has always the people of Ireland and Northern Ireland to travel to each other with ease, however with the united kingdom leaving the European Union, the country will might be forced to have a hard border with Ireland which might rekindle the civil war which was aimed at ensuring that Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland were unified (Grynberg, Walter & Wasserfallen, , 2019). This would mean that the United Kingdom would be only recognized as Great Britain. This would significantly hurt not only the economy of the United Kingdom but the culture of the United Kingdom since the monarch would lose a very important area in the country and stature in the world.
The United Kingdom would also face the aspect of losing significant superiority that it has enjoyed in soccer, especially in the recruitment process. This is based on the fact that countries with the European Union are allowed more slots in the Union of European Football Association as well as reduced recruitment for the Football Association. This will mean that they will not have access to the football talent which is in the country, and football has been one of the main exports that the united kingdom through the Premier League has been able to offer the world as it has gained popularity all over the world including in the United States however football was previously not highly favored. Brexit only brings about the different issues that might affect the country once it has been faced with the issue of leaving the European Union and having to cut ties with its former trade partners.
The people of the United Kingdom are also dealing with an expected decline in jobs in the United Kingdom. This is based on the fact that the rate of production is going to decline significantly and this will lead to massive unemployment in the United Kingdom. Goods from the United Kingdom are going to be expensive in other countries which will make its goods less demanded in the other countries and it will mean that labor in the United Kingdom will not be fluid as it used to be. The country will have to do more to ensure that it is attracting the right kind of labor and it is increasingly the preferred destination of the most qualified employees. This will build credibility in its products which will lead to an increase in demand for its services and products. (Wadsworth, Dhingr, Ottaviano & Van Reenen, , 2016)
Negotiations
The British government is also divided on how to go about the process. The government and the legislature are at opposing sides of the Brexit negotiations formulation in the terms that the United Kingdom should be allowed to leave the European Union. The government is in preference for a soft exit that will ensure that the United Kingdom has some leeway with the European Union which resembles the deal that Norway has with the European Union. This would mean fewer customs checks and somehow free movement of labor but the country will have the independence of for negotiating a trade agreement with other countries in the world other than negotiating with foreign countries such as the United States, China, and Russia under the umbrella of the European Union.
Teresa May inherited the current situation from David Cameroon who resigned from the premiership for losing on the referendum. Since then, outspoken people such as Boris Johnson have gained state in the United Kingdom as he clearly speaks in favor for Brexit ad this has led to negotiations on Brexit being extremely hard. This is based on the fact that pro-Brexit politicians are willing to leave the union without any deal in place which will make negotiations difficult in future. The government was in favor for remain the union but since the people voted for leaving the union, they have had the responsibility of ensuring that people are not hurt by the existing which has led to long negotiations and compromises within the executive and parliament. This has led to people being treated to parliamentary drama where Teresa May’s Brexit deal has always been voted against and including the recent deal which was seen as a compromise and was brought back to chambers for three times and it was rejected three times.
The European, on the other hand, has been hoping that by being lenient with the united kingdom, the government and parliament would choose to cancel the referendum issue a new referendum which would lead to the people voting for remain in the European Union. This would be a huge win for the union and would also ensure that people get to learn from their decisions. One of the major issues that the European Union is worried about is that the exit of the United Kingdom might trigger other countries leaving the union especially in the rise of the far right parties which are being viewed as being nationalistic in nature. This would negatively affect the union’s membership and make it difficult for them to negotiate with trade partners (Schimmelfennig, 2018). France and Germany are the main counties which are driving for a united European Union and their patience with the United Kingdom are wearing out and wavering since they view that they are being held, hostage.
The European Union is using soft negotiating tactics which are meant to motivate the United Kingdom to remain. however, established economies are proclaiming that they are not interested in being held hostage and they are indicating that in future if a country chooses to leave the union, they will be in favor for the hard exist which will mean that the leading countries will be negatively affected. The negotiating tactics which are being used are supposed to show the people that the European Union will be stronger and the fact that one of its members is leaving should not threatening the remaining countries and should ensure that people are secure and confident in the future of the economy. (Schimmelfennig, 2018)
The future of the United Kingdom
The United Kingdom is being forced to negotiate with its trade partners and his means that it has to leverage companies to ensure that they are establishing and maintaining their headquarters in the United Kingdom. This means issues such as tax incentives as well as offering subsidies which will ensure that international corporations are remaining in the United Kingdom and London remains the financial hub of Europe. (Busch & Matthes, 2016)
Another major area of contention is the issue of Northern Ireland. This country is in favor of a soft border which will maintain the peace in the region and promote the economic success of the region. Northern Ireland has always maintained its close tie to the Republic of Ireland and a hard border will have a negative impact on the country. The fact that the British Isles are separate makes it easier for as it is only one country that they will have to maintain a hard border with, while the English Channel which connects Great Britain with France will have to undergo major changes to meet the customs union which will be arrived at by the two parties (Dhingra, Ottaviano, Sampson, & Van Reenen, , 2016). In this case, a soft border means that people can cross the border with ease which makes it easier for people to travel between the two regions and trade with the least restrictions as well as the trade of goods is easier (Busch & Matthes, 2016). A hard border means that goods have to be charged excise duty when entering the country and people have to apply beforehand to be allowed into the country and the visa is restricted in nature.
Conclusion
Conflicts can be utilized to ensure that the people in the conflict are able to get the best result and outcome in the results from the conflicts. Through conflicts, the different parties are able to come up with a structure of negotiation which will ensure that the parties are being heard and also their opinions are being taken into consideration. This is important and critical in ensuring that people are able to get the resources and the trade agreements that they need. When structuring the Brexit negotiations, all the parties want to ensure that they are striving for the best for the respective citizens while also providing an avenue for people to benefit from the policies which are in place. (Monk & Winslade, 2013)
References
Busch, B., & Matthes, J. (2016). Brexit-the economic impact: A meta-analysis (No. 10/2016). IW-Report.
Dhingra, S., Ottaviano, G., Sampson, T., & Van Reenen, J. (2016). The impact of Brexit on foreign investment in the UK. BREXIT 2016, 24, 2.
Grynberg, C., Walter, S., & Wasserfallen, F. (2019). Expectations, Vote Choice, and Opinion Stability Since the 2016 Brexit Referendum.
Hunt, A., & Wheeler, B. (2017). Brexit: All you need to know about the UK leaving the EU. BBC News, 25.
Monk, G., & Winslade, J. (2013). When stories clash: Addressing conflict with narrative mediation. Chagrin Falls, OH: Taos Institute Publications.
Schimmelfennig, F. (2018). Brexit: differentiated disintegration in the European Union. Journal of European public policy, 25(8), 1154-1173.
Smismans, S. (2019). Ring-fencing Citizens’ Rights in the Brexit Negotiations: Legal Framework and Political Dynamics. DCU Brexit Institute-Working Paper, (1-2019).
Wadsworth, J., Dhingra, S., Ottaviano, G., & Van Reenen, J. (2016). Brexit and the Impact of Immigration on the UK. Centre for Economic Performance. LSE, 34-53.
