Residential PV System Outline
shoomoosh
BookOutline.docm1.2 Current State of the Industry 4
1.3 DEFINING FAILURE AND SUCCESS 4
1.3.5 Loss of Corporate Memory 15
1.3.6 Project vs. System Delivery Process 18
1.3.8 Challenges Today With The Bidding Process: 21
Chapter 2 3
2.1 PAM PV System Delivery 3
2.1.1 Technology Fatigue 5
2.1.2 Data Collection, Communication, Curation and Their Effective Use 7
2.1.3 Industry Language: Usage and Consistencies 10
2.1.4 Safety 11
2.1.5 Stakeholders: 15
2.1.6 Universal Real-Time Data (URTD) & Data Sharing 21
2.1.7 Solar Power Plant Lifecycle 26
2.1.8 Chapter Conclusion 31
3.1 Present State of solar cell Technology 2
Chapter 4. System Engineering 3
4.2 Why the PV Industry Needs Systems Engineering 3
4.3.1 Project Success and Failure 8
4.3.2 Stakeholder Requirements 9
4.3.3 The Initial Concept Development and Feasibility 10
4.3.4 Management of PV System Delivery 11
4.4 Project Phases Overview 14
4.4.3 Manufacturing Build and Test 14
4.4.4 Installation & Commissioning 14
4.4.5 Operation, Upgrade & Repowering 15
4.5 Systems Engineering Tools 15
4.5.4 Project Management Tools 22
4.6.2 System Requirements and Architecture 29
4.6.4 Common System Engineering Problems 45
4.6.8 Installation and Commissioning 48
4.6.9 Operation and Maintenance 48
4.6.10 Upgrade and Repowering 51
4.6.11 Site Restoration, Equipment removal, Disposal and Recycling 52
4.7.1 Restriction on Hazardous Substances (RoHS) 54
4.7.2 Design and Manufacturing 54
5.6 System Reliability Requirements Development 14
5.6.2 Reliability Specifications 18
5.6.3 Plant Reliability Drivers 21
5.7 Reliability Program Plan 23
5.8 Reliability Mathematics 24
5.8.5 Application through the life cycle 41
5.8.6 Reliability Block diagrams (RBD) 41
5.8.8 Data Analysis using Weibull 68
5.8.9 Example Weibull Analysis 69
5.8.11 Field Reliability Predictions 83
5.8.15 Redundancy or Plant Over design (Masking) 92
6.5 Typical Maintenance Flow 10
6.5.1 Fault Detection and acknowledgment 10
6.5.2 Work Authorization Delay 10
6.5.3 Mean Time till Onsite (MTTO) 11
6.5.6 Mean logistic delay time 11
6.5.8 Repair Verification Time 12
6.5.10 Minimum Maintenance Time 12
6.5.12 Mean corrective maintenance time 13
6.6 Additional Maintenance Metrics 16
6.6.1 available Maintenance Time 17
6.6.2 maintenance driven Availability 18
6.9 Preventive maintenance (PM) 23
6.12.3 Special Test Equipment 32
6.13 Maintenance and Testability Specifications 33
7.1.1 Capability and Capacity 5
7.1.3 Annual Solar Fluence/Irradiance 5
7.1.4 Utility or Customer Demand 6
7.3 Confusion of availability metrics 7
7.3.4 Achieved Availability 13
Chapter 8 PV Plant Repowering 4
8.2.1 What Is PV Plant Repowering: Repowering Types As Defined Above: 9
8.3 Repowering (System Engineering) Planning Element Requirements 11
8.3.1 Repowering at Concept 13
8.3.2 Existing Plant Repowering 14
8.3.3 Distressed Plant Repowering 16
8.3.4 Relocation of Plant Repowering 17
8.3.5 Plant Acquisition And Disposition 18
8.4 Considerations Regarding the Impact Of Repowering 19
8.4.1 Substantively Better and More Accurate Asset Valuation 19
8.4.2 Long Term PV System Energy Production 19
8.4.5 Ownership Operations Analysis And Decisions 20
8.4.6 Repowering Impacts on Commercial, Industrial (C&I) and Utility Economics 20
8.4.8 PV Myths and Assumptions 22
8.5 Overcoming Myths and Assumptions: 23
8.5.1 How Do We Address the Myths and Assumptions? 26
8.7.2 Major Questions About Repowering 46
8.8 Significant Issues Addressed Through Repowering 51
8.8.2 Bill of Material (BOM) 52
8.8.5 Installation Practices and Training 54
8.8.6 Third Party Product Evaluation 55
8.8.7 Warranty and Replacement 56
8.9 Addressing Repowering Issues 56
8.11 The True Cost of Electric Utility Organizations (Regulated and Unregulated) 65
8.11.1 Historical Utility Focus 67
8.14 Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) 70
8.14.1 Best Principle and Practice 70
8.15 O&M Professionals and Organizations (Contracted and In-House) 72
9.2 Introduction to Energy Storage 3
9.3 Types of Batteries (my suggestion) 4
9.3.3 nickel–cadmium (NiCd), 4
9.3.4 nickel–metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), 4
9.3.5 Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4), and 4
9.3.6 lithium-ion polymer (Li-ion polymer). 4
9.4 Components of an Energy Storage System 6
9.5 Battery Thermal Management 9
9.6 Augmentation versus Replacement 14
9.7 Energy Storage Reliability and Overall Plant Health and Condition 14
9.8 Energy Storage System Maintenance and Operational Considerations 16
9.8.1 What are the Biggest Misconceptions, Myths and Assumptions about Energy Storage Systems? 16
9.8.2 Solar and Energy Storage systems are plug and play and broadly interchangeable. 16
9.8.3 Energy storage systems can be dispatched to any number of applications. 17
9.8.4 DC coupled and AC coupled solar plus storage systems are basically equivalent. 18
9.8.5 The only attribute that is important in my energy storage system is the upfront $/kWh installed cost. 21
9.8.6 I can use my battery in a number of applications and stack the value generated to make my returns higher. 21
Chapter 10 Data collection and analysis 2
10.2 Reducing Unknown Risk Begins with Data 4
10.2.1 As an example: Transformer Failure 4
10.3 SHARED RELIABILITY DATA 7
10.3.1 Identifying Stakeholders 8
10.5.1 Use of Repository Data 11
10.6 Component OEM Data Sharing: 11
10.6.1 Stakeholder Business Case for Sharing Reliability Data 11
10.7 The Level Necessary to Control Costs and Improve PV systems 16
10.8 Monitoring for Better Data, Security and Plant Cost Control 16
10.13 Monitoring Plan Steps: 31
10.13.1 Establish Initial Data Requirements 31
10.13.2 Define Monitoring & Service Requirements 33
10.13.3 Define Triggers for Next Steps 33
10.13.4 Assess Inverter Data Output Capabilities 35
10.16 Importance of pattern recognition 37
Chapter 11 Operations And Maintenance 2
11.4.2. Self-Perform vs. Regional 3rd Party? 8
11.5. Alternative Operations and Maintenance 10
11.7.2. The Operator’s Role 13
11.8. The Maintenance Provider’s Role 14
11.9. Preventive Maintenance (PM) 15
11.10. Corrective Maintenance (CM) 17
11.11. Conditioned Based Maintenance: 18
11.12. Ancillary Maintenance (AM) 19
11.13. Construction Oversight by the O&M Team 19
11.13.2. Substantial Completion Punch List 20
11.16. Safety is Everyone’s Responsibility 21
11.16.2. Training and Qualification 22
11.16.3. Technician Work Practices 22
11.16.4. Job Hazard Analysis 22
11.16.5. Data Driven Decision Making 23
11.16.6. Project Design, Specification, and Installation 23
11.16.7. Maintenance Hazard, Fires and Explosions 24
11.18.2. Inverter Availability Guarantee 28
11.21. Maintenance Scope and Supplier Agreements 30
11.25. P Estimates: Data Feedback Loop (See Chapter 4 for Additional Details) 31
11.27. Historical Irradiance Data 32
11.28. Include an Empirical Approach 33
11.29. Operational Data Feedback Loop 33
11.31. Predicted vs. Actual Energy 34
11.34. O&M Price Distortions 35
