BMGT - Executive Summary + HR Plan

Running head: BEST LOCATION AND CANDIDATE 1

Best Location and Best Candidate

Kyami Clarke

University of Maryland University College

Written Assignment 5 | Paper C1

BMGT 364 6387 Management and Organization Theory (2188)

Professor Rachel Clay

Spring 2019

BEST LOCATION AND CANDIDATE 2

Introduction

The new infant formula manufacturing plant needs to be located in a region that has a

high demand for organic products. The location should also have a population that can provide

relatively cheap labour but should sufficiently be knowledgeable. Further, the location needs to

have good infrastructure, and land policies should be favourable to foreign investors. Among

Ohio, the United States, Malaysia, and China, Malaysia is the most suitable country since it

values resource sustainability; has good infrastructure; has a relatively cheap but qualified labour

force, and land policies are favourable to foreign investors. The best candidate for the position is

Sloan since she has more knowledge in biotechnology, and her interests are aligned with the

company's mission and vision.

Best Location

Ohio

The state of Ohio covers approximately 116,100 km2. It has a total population of 11.4

million people. The number of infants can be estimated at a third of the total population. The

people of Ohio put high priority to consumption of healthy organic food. The majority of farmers

in the state prefer farming methods that do not degrade the environment, and they grow foods

that they believe are good for human consumption. The people of Ohio also value organic food

and prefer manufactured food products and dietary supplements to be as natural as possible.

Ohio Farmers Association have are increasingly, Environmental Protection Agencies, and self-

help groups in Ohio are encouraging the residents to avoid consuming artificially manufactured

food products and instead embrace products that contain natural products (Black, 2015). There is

also enough supply of the raw materials needed for the production of the infant formula.

BEST LOCATION AND CANDIDATE 3

United States

The US is the superpower country in the world can arguably be regarded as the most developed

country in the world. The criteria for the country's advancement include industrialisation,

production, and environmental conservation. The Department of Human Health Services, the

Environment Protection Agency, CDC and other related organisations in the US are on the

global forefront to ensure that lifestyle diseases are minimized and that the environment is

appropriately taken care of (Homer et al., 2015). As such, the organisations and agencies are

always encouraging the citizens to embrace healthy lifestyles, which include consuming

manufactured foods that pose minimal health hazards to consumers such as products that have

been made using organic formula. As such, there is a high likelihood that the demand for the

infant formula that has been made using natural formula will be on high demand in the US.

There are also readily available raw materials for the manufacture of the infant formula in the

US.

Malaysia

Malaysia is an Asian country with a population of about 32.1 million people by 2017.

The country occupies a total surface area of about 330,803 km2. It is among the countries that are

on the forefront concerning resource conservation and the protection of biodiversity. Malaysia is

a signatory to the Rio Convention on Biological Diversity, which has guided it to form the

National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan. This and other environmental protection policies

have enabled the country to put environmental conservation activities on high priority. The

Malaysian cuisine consists mainly of organic foods, with minimally processed foods. This has

greatly been influenced by the culture of its people who highly value organic foods and products

BEST LOCATION AND CANDIDATE 4

made from natural formulas. As such, the infant product can readily be appreciated both by the

country's health agencies and environment watchdogs since the infant formula is made from

natural ingredients, and the new production plant will utilise green production methods.

China

China is an Asian country in the Far Eastern part of the globe. It is the most populated

country in the world, with a population of approximately 1.386 million, which is about 18% of

the total world population. The country’s economy is among the fastest growing economies in

the world. The country is rich regarding the availability of raw materials since the majority of

people rely on farming as a source of living (Lu et al., 2015). As such, it will be easy to get raw

materials, and with the high population, it is possible to get cheap labour. However, most of the

labourers in China are not as highly skilled as may be expected for the new company that is in

need of innovative minds. Most Chinese entrepreneurs copy or imitate the technologies of other

companies. Nevertheless, the country’s environmental protection policies are not as effective as

required since China is among the biggest polluters of the environment due to heavy reliance on

coal, and absence of real laws that can govern environmental pollution.

The Most Suitable Location

Out of the four locations, Malaysia is the best country for the company to create the infant

manufacturing plant. Although China has a significant population, there are high rates of

counterfeiting, and trade policies do not favour foreign investors since investors are sometimes

forced by Chinese government agencies to reveal their trade secrets in order to be allowed to

operate in the country (Wang & Wing, 2018). The land is also a limiting factor in China due to

the country's high population and government unfavourable land policies. Although the US is

BEST LOCATION AND CANDIDATE 5

highly developed, it is not quite the best choice for the new manufacturing plant. This is because

the environmental policies are too harsh for a starting company, and there are also well-

established companies that are likely to give high competition to the new company. The land is

also expensive in the US as compared to the other locations. Ohio is also a suitable location for

the new manufacturing plant. However, there are many well-established competitors in Ohio,

which will provide significant challenges for the new manufacturing company to kick off. The

price of land in Ohio is also higher as compared to Malaysia. Malaysia is the most suitable

location for the new manufacturing plant. This is because the country has well established

environmental protection laws, and the number of companies manufacturing infant formulas is

not as high as those in other countries. This means that it will be easy for the new manufacturing

plant to pick up and quickly establish a market base in Malaysia as compared to the other

countries. The price of land and land policies in Malaysia are also the most suitable than in other

countries, meaning that it will be easy for the company to acquire land in Malaysia. There are

also efficient and effective transport infrastructures that reach the rural centres, which will

facilitate the secure distribution of raw materials and final products. The country also has

relatively cheap but knowledgeable labour as compared to with the US and Ohio that have

skilled but expensive labour.

Best Candidate

Sloan

Sloan has been an Executive Director of the company’s branch in Europe. This means

that she is capable of taking up managerial roles in the new company without difficulties since

she has sufficiently worked as the branch leader. Sloan has been liked by the employees she

BEST LOCATION AND CANDIDATE 6

worked with since she is considerate and inclusive. This means that she has the capability of

making employees work passionately and like their work. The practice in which managers

become inclusive and allow employees to come up with new ideas has been shown to increase

employees' innovativeness (Honkaniemi, Lehtonen & Hasu, 2015). Sloan’s interests also align

with Biotech’s mission, vision, and philosophy since she is concerned with issues of

environmental-friendliness, and products that are good both for human and animal health.

Although she does not have marketing experience, she can effectively run the company.

Maddie Cooper

Cooper has 25 years of experience in running an infant formula company. This gives her

an advantage over Sloan who has 12 years of experience in managerial issues. Cooper can thus

run the new branch of the infant formula effectively due to her many years of experience.

However, her leadership approach is the bureaucratic hands-on approach, which tends to be

dictatorial at best. This means that the employees will not be given enough opportunities to

express their ideas freely for consideration, and the employees will highly likely to work under

pressure. This is likely to reduce their motivation and creativity.

Further, Maddie's perspective does not align well with the company's interests since she is

against the company's idea of sustainability and green production initiatives. Maddie is not the

best candidate to lead the new branch. This is because her interests conflict with the company’s

objectives, and her leadership style does not encourage employee innovativeness, which is

against Biotech’s policies.

Bentley Hughes

BEST LOCATION AND CANDIDATE 7

Hughes has been the owner of the newly acquired plant and has run the company effectively

with advancement in sales. However, he is more suited for performing logistics functions rather

than overseeing green production methods and fostering innovativeness. The main point that

makes him be considered is the sales agreement rather than his qualifications. There is no

evidence that he can effectively encourage employees' innovativeness, and that he has skills

regarding issues to do with biotechnology. This means that he can face significant challenges and

experience difficulties when it comes to manufacturing or improvising diverse brands of the

infant formula. For these reasons, Sloan is the best candidate for the position. A sales and

marketing manager can be appointed to take care of sales and marketing.

Conclusion

The best location for the new infant formula manufacturing firm among the four regions

in Malaysia. This is because, among the four countries, it is the one with relatively cheap labour

that is highly skilled. The cost of land is also fair, and there is no stiff competition. The best

candidate for the leadership position in the new manufacturing plant is Sloan. This is because her

interests are aligned with the company’s, and she is qualified on issues regarding biotechnology.

References

BEST LOCATION AND CANDIDATE 8

Black, K. J. (2016). The Relationship of Food Security to Health Parameters of Women Using

Free Cervical Screening Sites in Appalachian Ohio (Doctoral dissertation, Ohio

University). 1-17.

Homer, C., Dewitz, J., Yang, L., Jin, S., Danielson, P., Xian, G., ... & Megown, K. (2015).

Completion of the 2011 National Land Cover Database for the conterminous United

States–representing a decade of land cover change information.Photogrammetric

Engineering & Remote Sensing, 81(5), 345-354.

Honkaniemi, L., Lehtonen, M. H., & Hasu, M. (2015). Well-being and innovativeness:

motivational trigger points for mutual enhancement. European journal of training and

development,39(5), 393-408.

Lu, Y., Jenkins, A., Ferrier, R. C., Bailey, M., Gordon, I. J., Song, S., ... & Feng, Z. (2015).

Addressing China’s grand challenge of achieving food security while ensuring

environmental sustainability. Science advances, 1(1), 1-6.

Wang, Z., & Wing, M. (2018). Asymmetry and helplessness: the copyright ecology of online

literature writers in China.Queen Mary Journal of Intellectual Property, 8(4), 348-357.

Running head: MISSION AND VISION STATEMENT 1

Vision and Mission Statement

Kyami Clarke

University of Maryland University College

BMGT 364 6387 Management and Organization Theory (2188)

Professor Rachel Clay

Spring 2019

MISSION AND VISION STATEMENT 2

Part One: Leadership Elements

Defining Leadership: Differences between Leadership and Management

Leadership can be defined as the process of social influence in which one individual

enlists the support and assistance of others in accomplishing a common task (Principles of

Management, nd, p.12). Leadership utilises various strategies and models to provide direction,

implement plans, and motivate people. Thus, leadership is the outcome of the philosophy,

personality, and experiences of the leader (Principles of Management, nd, p.12). Although the

terms leadership and management are often used interchangeably, they vary in their scope and

use. For instance, leadership involves giving direction to an organisation through vision and

inspiration, while management is a result-oriented and more focused on task organisation and

efficiency.

Whereas, management is the process of sustaining current systems and processes for

accomplishing work, whereas leadership challenges the status quo and make changes to take

place. Another point of difference between leadership and management is that leadership is

vision-oriented while management is task-oriented (Principles of Management, nd, p.12). Thus,

managers focus on the organisational and performance of tasks, and aim at improving efficiency,

while leaders engage others by inspiring a shared vision and effectiveness. In light of the above,

managerial work seems to be more transactional, stressing on procedures, coordination and

motivation (Principles of Management, nd, p.13). On the other hand, leadership has a more

emotional appeal, and is premised on relationships with followers, and seeks to transform.

Appropriate Leadership Style for the New Director

The new director's role will require establishing a multicultural workforce, developing a

sustainable green and human-friendly product line on the forefront of innovation with the infant

MISSION AND VISION STATEMENT 3

formula strategy. In order to become human-friendly, the new director must be able to listen to

the voices and views of all stakeholders, including junior employees. Besides, operating in a

multicultural environment requires a leadership style that accommodates the diverse views of

people from different racial, ethnic, and cultural backgrounds. Given the above, the director will

require transformational leadership style that is characterised by charisma, personal relationship,

and creativity. This is because the confidence of diverse team members should be improved and

establish trust by providing a role model that the followers seek to emulate (Principles of

Management, nd, p.11).

Furthermore, the level of motivation of organisational members needs to be improved

through inspirations. Transformational leadership is needed because such a leadership style

provides meaning and context to the works of those under the leader. Transformational

leadership seeks to envision the future and offer followers with the opportunity to see meaning in

their works.

Part Two: Revised Mission and Vision Statements

Revised Mission Statement: To meet customers’ health and aesthetic needs while protecting the

planet.

Revised Vision Statement: To focus its effort in meeting customer needs while safeguarding the

natural, economic and ecological environment.

There are various reasons why the mission statement is more appropriate for the

organisation. For instance, the goals provided by the mission statement expresses a commitment

to customers, suppliers and community members that the organisation is focused on preserving,

protecting, and ultimately enhancing the living systems of the planet. This strategy is effective in

MISSION AND VISION STATEMENT 4

fostering consumer loyalty by improving the perception of customers towards the organisation as

a socially responsible one. The vision statement is also practical since it redefines the purpose of

the organisation as being a socially responsible and sustainable firm (Mission Statement, nd,

p.2). This can help to guide the company’s actions by spelling out the overall objectives, and

decision-making. Furthermore, the mission statement is not product oriented but consumer-

oriented. This implies that the organisation is portraying itself as a customer-centred one whose

operations do not solely revolve around maximising profit, but also improving the welfare of

members of the social system.

MISSION AND VISION STATEMENT 5

References

Mission Statement. (nd). Mission statement. University of Maryland Learning Resource (PDF

Document).

Principles of Management. (nd). Principles of management. University of Maryland Learning

Resource (PDF Document)

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Exercise # 3

Kyami Clarke

BMGT 364 6387

University of Maryland University College

February 14th, 2019

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Exercise # 3

It is essential to take into consideration the product offering, what others are doing, the place of business, the people employed, and best practices. The central resources for a business are the people, location, and capital. The culture of a place plays a vital role in the location and people employed. For a business to be successful, knowledge of all these factors will determine whether production will be sustainable and well managed. This paper will explore how Biotech’s new Infant Formula Division can be successful by the leadership of Expert Food Consultants.

Product

The organic infant formula industry offers many product offerings, such as grass- fed cow milk, non-GMO, sensitive, corn, soy. The purpose of infant formula is to imitate breast milk. The benefits of breast milk is the naturally occurring protein, vitamins, minerals, and carbohydrates. It is essential to select a product that replicates the nutrients babies would typically get from traditional breast milk. Per market analysis, Expert Food Consultants should consider launching is grass-fed cow milk and sensitive formula. From a financial aspect, the production costs associated with grass-fed cows is lower. From product offerings standpoint, studies show that grass-fed milk is healthier and contain higher natural occurring protein, calcium and vitamin D (Heins, 2018).

Infant organs are not fully developed, and it is essential for babies to consume

formula that has decreased body fat. Grass-fed milk is an essential component of this factor. The omega-3 fats contained in grass-fed cow milk has resulted in parents seeking and giving this kind of milk to their infants for healthy growth in their infants. Grass-fed milk has higher levels of fatty acids and lowers omega-6 (Heins, 2018), blood sugar regulation, conjugated linoleic acid (Kirkpatrick, 2017), which are all vital for infant growth and health. All of these health benefits make it in high demand, hence why launching this type of product offering as marketable.

Net Profit

As of 2016, the value of natural baby formula was listed $6.5 billion (Statista, 2017) and is expected to reach $11 billion by 2023 (Wood, 2017). Nestle reported an average growth for organic formula is 2.8%, while in Asia 4.4% growth (Nestle, 2018). Abbott saw an increase of 2.33%, which equalled $1.6 billion (Penumudi, 2015). According to market analysis, the Asian region is the best due to its health-conscious population and economic growth (Anand & Koshy, 2017). By doing business in Malaysia, this will assist in the ROI and higher profits, primarily because of the tax advantages and cost savings (Doing Business in Malaysia, n.d.). It is reasonable to expect the Infant Formula Division to start at 2% and follow an upward trajectory to 4%-5%.

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Competitors Success

There are many companies which are successful in the organic infant formula industry. These companies include Mead Johnson Nutritionals, Danone, Nestle Products and Abbotts (Changing Markets Foundations, 2017). Each of these companies has specialised in provisions of sustainable and organic infant products. Their success can be attributed to their commitment to upholding the code of agreement in association with other stakeholders. They give a high-quality product which has made their market value higher. Also, they have come together to come up with a partnership with other organisations (APIYCNA, n.d.). The partnership is called the Federation of Malaysian Manufacturer Infant Formula Ethics Committee.

With the help of this partnership, these companies have been successful in

offering these products to the market. The success of these companies has been possible through their provision of products which they give priority. The success of these businesses have been due to their ability to prioritise; hence their products seems to encourage the same. The other reason why these businesses have huge customers which translates to their success is that they act as platforms for enhancing ethical business practices as needed by the ministry of health. The Malaysian government have been supporting these businesses in their dealing and doing all they can to make them a success for they pay their taxes hence creating government revenues (Doing Business in Malaysia, n.d.). The ability of these businesses to act responsibly by supporting underprivileged and conducting nutrition studies with an institution of higher learning has led to the businesses being valued by most community members hence making a huge purchase.

Best Location

Malaysia is a country that depends more on imports for dairy products. The country is known to be having low milk production, which translates to lower dairy produce. Although there is a considerate increase in milk production for the last four decades, the demand is not being met as expected. The demand has not been fully met since the high population is not being satisfied with the low quantity of milk produced (Bonaventure & Umberger, 2012).

As leader of Expert Food Consultants the best location to source milk will be

within the country; Malaysia despite the supply being low. Some of the milk will be from Zaman Dairy Fresh and Able Dairies (Khanal & Dhiman, 2007). These businesses have a good reputation, and in order to maintain it, they will continue to offer the best making them the best suppliers of the ingredients for the products in question. These are the best location for one to get milk since the businesses feed their farms have qualified veterinary officers who inspect their animals and ensure they are full of health before being milked. The veterinary officers check on milk with intervals which is easier to notice any changes in the milk consistency and report promptly. Since these businesses are already equipped to feed cow using grass, the impact of chemicals is nearly nonexistent.

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Getting milk from Malaysia is the best location for the product because it will be consumed within the country; thus the farmers and suppliers will be conscious about what is going into the products being produced.

Current infant formula companies source their materials from farms within

Malaysia like Zaman Dairy Fresh and Able Dairies, Linggi dairy businesses, Mawai dairy farm and Desa dairy farm among others (Priyana, 2004). These are the largest producers of milk in Malaysia in the order which they follow each other, and it makes milk abundant for dairy products businesses. The current infant formula companies have been working with companies for so long they trust their milk. There is a sense of comfort knowing how the animal is fed and if any antibiotics are given to the cows.

As mentioned previously, this is also the best location because it will reduce the

entire costs of production due to low charges of transport as opposed to importing milk. These farms have been in operations for quite some time which has helped milk produce companies to build trust in them hence getting the ingredient from them is the best decision. The businesses have employed qualified and experienced veterinary personnel who have excellent records in monitoring dairy cows. This staff ensures the cows are given the required levels of nutrition which are good for the cows to give the best milk and also ensure they get the supplement as required hence they the best to source milk.

Cultural Consideration

The new director needs to consider the Malaysian culture in order for the business to be successful. This country has various cultures due to being inhabited by people from diverse parts of the world who might have visited due to education, business activities and others for the sake of tourism. The major ethnic groups which are found in Malaysia are the Chinese, Malays and Indians (Haniffa & Cooke, 2002).

Before the director starts to run the business in Malaysia, they need to be aware

of the cultural value of this nation before bringing staff to a new country. The cultural considerations which should be made etiquettes and protocols to be followed during meeting and greetings in business forums. In Malaysia, the initial greetings should be made with a lot of formality full of respect to the people on board. Respect is critical in a business meeting in Malaysia for this will affect how people will listen to what you have to say during the meeting. It is expected that during the meeting one has to introduce and acknowledge the important person first for it is a sign of respect (Mastor, Jin, & Cooper, 2000).

According to the culture of the land, communication there is a need to maintain

harmonious associations. There is much use of non-verbal communication like body language and tone of voice in Malaysia. During the business discussion and the response is given is unsatisfactory, one may decide to reframe the question to get another reply which might be satisfying or less offence. Silence is also of great importance during a change in discussion topic for it shows enough time has been

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allocated; hence clear thought is being given. Laughter by Malaysian is widespread in instances of uneasiness for this helps them to relax and because they cannot handle anger respect (Mastor, Jin, & Cooper, 2000).

During a business meeting, it is always good for the senior people to get in first

so that they will be the first person to greet Malaysians. It is a form of respect and appreciation of hierarchy within the businesses. During the first meetings, Malaysians prefer to use most of their time for depth discussion in order to know better the other side of the people they are doing business with. Dress code is very crucial in Malaysian people for it helps to demonstrate respect and decency(Mastor, Jin, & Cooper, 2000). Men should be seen in long sleeve shirts, and ties with women expected to be seen in skirts or trousers with working blouse or instead in dresses (Mastor, Jin, & Cooper, 2000).

Personnel Selection

Malaysia is a country which has complex culture due to a mixture of people from various backgrounds. For the business to be successful and operate in the new country, the director should hire local personnel for it would be better to run the business. Considering the business culture of America and Malaysia, they are very diverse it would be useful if the director will be assisted by local leaders (Mastor, Jin, & Cooper, 2000). Local leaders are aware of what they expect from foreign companies; hence they will direct the administrator on running it. Also, local leaders will enlighten the director of how the businesses will be operating, and gradually, the director will cope with this culture hence can now start sourcing leaders from other countries.

Best Practices

A management team is a group of individuals who work at higher levels of the company and who aid in running the businesses. The management team is the one responsible for how the company will operate and are answerable to the board of directors. For success to be attained at the infant formula company, the director needs to have the best structure for leading the company.

The structure of the businesses should be composed of key persons who will

make the businesses operate as needed. They include; the chief executive officer, director or the president is the one who will be driving the businesses. Chief Operating Officer, vice president of the general manager, is the person who ensures all tasks at the company goes as expected. Vice president of marketing has the role of marketing the product to society and win a high number of customers for the purchase. Chief financial officer is to seek money that is seeking and dealing with investors. Production manager has the role of ensuring the infant products are manufactured ready for the market. The operations manager will have the role of financial victory of the business.

The quality controller will check whether the infant product meets the requires

standards for consumption. The accountant has the role of keeping money records of

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the businesses which are income statements and balance sheets. The office manager will be dealing with everything else in businesses apart from production. Human resource personnel will have the role of hiring and firing employees on behalf of the company Purchasing manager will have the role of acquiring all the thing needed in the company. The receptionist will have the responsibility of the front office by picking and making calls on behalf of the company.

Conclusion

In summary, infant formula companies are significant for they give supplement food to the kids. Market analysis shows that the demand for infant products are increasing day in day out; hence the market for such commodities is increasing. There is a high demand for infant and baby products for there is high demand associated with various factors. Grass feed cow milk is beneficial for it has a high content in protein, conjugated linoleic acid, calcium and vitamin D among others. Malaysia is a country with a sophisticated culture due to the presence of three cultures from Indian Chinese and Malaysian people.

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References

Anand, A., & Koshy, A. (2017). Organic Infant Formula Market Report- Forecast till 2023. Market Research Future.

APIYCNA. (n.d.). Federation of Malaysian Manufacturer’s Infant Formula Ethics Committee (FIFEC). Retrieved February 15, 2019, from Asia Pacific Infant and Young Child Nutrition Association: https://apiycna.org/malaysia/

Bonaventure, B., & Umberger, W. (2012). Factors influencing Malaysian consumers’ consumption of dairy products. Conference, Australian Agricultural & Resource Economics Society.

Changing Markets Foundations. (2017). Milking It.

Doing Business in Malaysia. (n.d.). Retrieved February 7, 2019, from Gaiyah Consult: https://www.gaiyahconsult.com/en/business-integration/doing-business-in- malaysia.html

Haniffa, R. M., & Cooke, T. E. (2002). Culture, corporate governance and disclosure in Malaysian corporations. Abacus, 38(3), 317-349.

Heins, B. (2018). Grass-fed cows produce healthier milk. Retrieved February 11, 2019, from University of Minnesota Extension: https://extension.umn.edu/dairy- nutrition/grass-fed-cows-produce-healthier-milk

Khanal, R. C., & Dhiman, T. R. (2007, August 30). Status of Milk Fat Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) in Selected Commercial Dairies. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 20(10), 1525-1538.

Kirkpatrick, K. (2017, May 12). Is grass-fed dairy healthier for you? Retrieved February 13, 2019, from USA Today: https://www.today.com/health/grass-fed-dairy-infant- formula-healthier-t111507

Mastor, K. A., Jin, P., & Cooper, M. (2000). Malay culture and personality: A Big Five perspective. American Behavioral Scientist, 44(1), 95-111.

Nestle. (2018, October 18). Nestlé reports nine-month sales for 2018. Retrieved February 14, 2019, from Nestle: https://www.nestle.com/media/pressreleases/allpressreleases/nine-month-sales- 2018

Penumudi, A. (2015, April 22). Abbott profit beats expectations, sales of branded generics jump. Retrieved February 14, 2019, from Reuters: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-abbott-results/abbott-profit-beats- expectations-sales-of-branded-generics-jump-idUSKBN0ND1CR20150422

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Priyana, Y. (2004). Land Potency for Dairy Cattle at East Slope of Merapi-Merbabu

Volcano, Boyolali, Central Java. Indonesian Journal of Spatial and Regional Analysis.

Statista. (2017, September). Market value of organic baby food worldwide in 2016 and 2025 (in billion U.S. dollars). Retrieved February 9, 2019, from Statista: https://www.statista.com/statistics/478021/organic-and-non-organic-baby-food- sales-share-worldwide/

Wood, L. (2017, December 27). Global Organic Baby Food Market - Expected to Reach $11 Billion by 2023 - Research and Markets. Retrieved February 9, 2019, from Business Wire: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20171227005310/en/Global-Organic- Baby-Food-Market---Expected/