In this assignment you will practice applying and gain further knowledge about information form the lectures, “Tree of Life Part I” and “Tree of Life Part II”. 1000 WORDS This assignment is due May 19th by 11:59 pm. You will visit two websites, explore

Patterns of Species Diversity II

Archaebacteria

Archaebacteria

•  Mostly anaerobic (no oxygen). •  Different genetic structure. •  Different chemical in cell walls. •  Fats have different structure. •  Live in extreme environments. •  No nucleus – DNA in long strands. •  No organelles.

Eubacteria

Eubacteria

•  Diverse ecologically. •  Typical RNA of most life. •  Evolved about 3.5 billion years ago. •  No nucleus – DNA in long strands. •  No organelles.

Eukaryotes

Eukaryotes

•  DNA organized as chromosomes. •  Chromosomes in nucleus.

Eukaryotes

•  DNA organized as chromosomes. •  Chromosomes in nucleus. •  Have organelles.

Mitochondria

The Evolution of Mitochondria

The Endosymbiotic Theory

Lynn Margulis UMASS –

Geosciences

The Origin of Mitosing

Eukaryotic Cells 1966

Endosymbiotic Theory

•  Mitochondria and Bacteria – Same form of DNA.

Mitochondria

Endosymbiotic Theory

•  Mitochondria and Bacteria – Same form of DNA. – Same type of Ribosomes.

Mitochondria

Endosymbiotic Theory

•  Mitochondria and Bacteria – Same form of DNA. – Same type of Ribosomes. – Both reproduce by binary fission.

Endosymbiotic Theory

•  Mitochondria and Bacteria – Same form of DNA. – Same type of Ribosomes. – Both reproduce by binary fission. – Same size.

Endosymbiotic Theory

•  Mitochondria and Bacteria – Same form of DNA. – Same type of Ribosomes. – Both reproduce by binary fission. – Same size.

•  Animals inherit mitochondria from mother.

Eukaryotes

•  DNA organized as chromosomes. •  Chromosomes in nucleus. •  Have organelles. •  Evolved about 1.5 billion years ago.

Eukaryotes

•  DNA organized as chromosomes. •  Chromosomes in nucleus. •  Have organelles. •  Evolved about 1.5 billion years ago. •  Larger then bacteria.

Eukaryotes

•  DNA organized as chromosomes. •  Chromosomes in nucleus. •  Have organelles. •  Evolved about 1.5 billion years ago. •  Larger then bacteria. •  Everything except bacteria made up of cells like these.

Protists

Protists

•  Eukaryotic cells. •  Anything not an animal, plant or fungi. •  Most unicellular. •  Single cells carries out all the specialized function that in other eukaryotes done by collections of cells.

•  Most live in water or damp environments.

Plants

Plants

•  Eukaryotic cells. •  Multicellular. •  Photosynthetic – Autotrophic.

Chloroplast

Plants

•  Eukaryotic cells. •  Multicellular. •  Photosynthetic – Autotrophic. •  Develop from embryos.

Plant Embryo

Fungi

Fungi

•  Eukaryotic cells. •  Multicellular. •  Spore reproducing. •  Form hyphae (fine tubes). •  Hyphae may form masses of mycelia.

Fungi

•  Eukaryotic cells. •  Multicellular. •  Spore reproducing. •  Form hyphae (fine tubes). •  Hyphae may form masses of mycelia. •  Some symbiotic with algae and form lichens.

Animals

Animals

•  Eukaryotic cells. •  Multicellular.

Multicellular

Animals

•  Eukaryotic cells. •  Multicellular. •  Develop from haploid egg and sperm.

Animals

•  Eukaryotic cells. •  Multicellular. •  Develop from haploid egg and sperm. •  Heterotrophs – energy from outside of cell.

Animals

•  Eukaryotic cells. •  Multicellular. •  Develop from haploid egg and sperm. •  Heterotrophs – energy from outside of cell. •  Radial or bilateral symmetry.

Two types of symmetry

Radial symmetry

Bilateral symmetry