TREE OF LIFE ASSIGNMENT BIODIVERSITY

Patterns of Species Diversity II

Archaebacteria

Archaebacteria

•  Mostly anaerobic (no oxygen). •  Different genetic structure. •  Different chemical in cell walls. •  Fats have different structure. •  Live in extreme environments. •  No nucleus – DNA in long strands. •  No organelles.

Eubacteria

Eubacteria

•  Diverse ecologically. •  Typical RNA of most life. •  Evolved about 3.5 billion years ago. •  No nucleus – DNA in long strands. •  No organelles.

Eukaryotes

Eukaryotes

•  DNA organized as chromosomes. •  Chromosomes in nucleus.

Eukaryotes

•  DNA organized as chromosomes. •  Chromosomes in nucleus. •  Have organelles.

Mitochondria

The Evolution of Mitochondria

The Endosymbiotic Theory

Lynn Margulis UMASS –

Geosciences

The Origin of Mitosing

Eukaryotic Cells 1966

Endosymbiotic Theory

•  Mitochondria and Bacteria – Same form of DNA.

Mitochondria

Endosymbiotic Theory

•  Mitochondria and Bacteria – Same form of DNA. – Same type of Ribosomes.

Mitochondria

Endosymbiotic Theory

•  Mitochondria and Bacteria – Same form of DNA. – Same type of Ribosomes. – Both reproduce by binary fission.

Endosymbiotic Theory

•  Mitochondria and Bacteria – Same form of DNA. – Same type of Ribosomes. – Both reproduce by binary fission. – Same size.

Endosymbiotic Theory

•  Mitochondria and Bacteria – Same form of DNA. – Same type of Ribosomes. – Both reproduce by binary fission. – Same size.

•  Animals inherit mitochondria from mother.

Eukaryotes

•  DNA organized as chromosomes. •  Chromosomes in nucleus. •  Have organelles. •  Evolved about 1.5 billion years ago.

Eukaryotes

•  DNA organized as chromosomes. •  Chromosomes in nucleus. •  Have organelles. •  Evolved about 1.5 billion years ago. •  Larger then bacteria.

Eukaryotes

•  DNA organized as chromosomes. •  Chromosomes in nucleus. •  Have organelles. •  Evolved about 1.5 billion years ago. •  Larger then bacteria. •  Everything except bacteria made up of cells like these.

Protists

Protists

•  Eukaryotic cells. •  Anything not an animal, plant or fungi. •  Most unicellular. •  Single cells carries out all the specialized function that in other eukaryotes done by collections of cells.

•  Most live in water or damp environments.

Plants

Plants

•  Eukaryotic cells. •  Multicellular. •  Photosynthetic – Autotrophic.

Chloroplast

Plants

•  Eukaryotic cells. •  Multicellular. •  Photosynthetic – Autotrophic. •  Develop from embryos.

Plant Embryo

Fungi

Fungi

•  Eukaryotic cells. •  Multicellular. •  Spore reproducing. •  Form hyphae (fine tubes). •  Hyphae may form masses of mycelia.

Fungi

•  Eukaryotic cells. •  Multicellular. •  Spore reproducing. •  Form hyphae (fine tubes). •  Hyphae may form masses of mycelia. •  Some symbiotic with algae and form lichens.

Animals

Animals

•  Eukaryotic cells. •  Multicellular.

Multicellular

Animals

•  Eukaryotic cells. •  Multicellular. •  Develop from haploid egg and sperm.

Animals

•  Eukaryotic cells. •  Multicellular. •  Develop from haploid egg and sperm. •  Heterotrophs – energy from outside of cell.

Animals

•  Eukaryotic cells. •  Multicellular. •  Develop from haploid egg and sperm. •  Heterotrophs – energy from outside of cell. •  Radial or bilateral symmetry.

Two types of symmetry

Radial symmetry

Bilateral symmetry