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Biodiversity2022.pptxBiodiversity
Deep Sea Acorn Worm Yoda Purpurata
Breakout: What is Biodiversity?
In small groups define biodiversity in your own words.
What is Biodiversity?
“Variety of different species(species diversity), genetic variability among individuals within each species(genetic diversity), variety of ecosystems(ecological diversity), and functions such as energy flow and matter cycling needed for the survival of species and biological communities(functional diversity)” ˜ Living in the Environment
Approximately how many species have we discovered?
A) 1000s
B) 100,000s
C) 1-2 million
D) 10 million
E) over 100 million
Approximately how many species have we discovered?
A) 1000s
B) 100,000s
C) 1-2 million
D) 10 million
E) over 100 million
Known Species
8-14 (8.7) million species
1.2 million are known
2.2 million marine
Eucaryotes
Procaryotes (bacteria)
What type of organism has the most species?
A) Mammals
B) Fishes
C) Insects
D) Crustaceans
E) Plants
What type of organism has the most species?
A) Mammals
B) Fishes
C) Insects
D) Crustaceans
E) Plants
# of Species
Vertebrate Animals
Mammals 5,490
Birds 9,998
Reptiles 9,084
Amphibians 6,433
Fishes 31,300
Total Vertebrates 62,305
Invertebrate Animals
Insects 1,000,000
Spiders and scorpions 102,248
Molluscs 85,000
Crustaceans 47,000
Corals 2,175
Others 68,827
Total Invertebrates 1,305,250
# of species (cont)
Plants
Flowering plants (angiosperms) 281,821
Conifers (gymnosperms) 1,021
Ferns and horsetails 12,000
Mosses 16,236
Red and green algae 10,134
Total Plants 321,212
Others
Lichens 17,000
Mushrooms 31,496
Brown algae 3,067
Total Others 51,563
TOTAL SPECIES 1,740,330
Biodiversity-How to get more species
Evolution:
Natural Variation (mutation)
Survival of the Fittest
Survive and Reproduce
Natural Selection
Genetic Diversity
Diverse genetic pools allows for species to rebound from things like diseases, pests, and changes in their environment.
Biodiversity Over Time
How can you measure biodiversity?
Species Discovery Curve
Biodiversity Index
# of species in an area
total # of individuals
biodiversity index
Example 1:
A 4 X 4 meter square area in a potato patch has 300 potato plants, all the same species. It has a very low biodiversity index of 1/300, or 0.003.
Example 2:
A 4 X 4 meter square area in the forest has 1 oak tree, 1 fern, 1 conifer tree, 1 moss, and 1 mushroom, for a total of 5 different species and 5 individuals. The biodiversity index here is high, 5/5 = 1.
Why is Biodiversity Good?
Sustainability during environmental variability
Ecosystem goods and services
Medicines
Clean water
Food
Minimize climate impacts
Flood protection
Ecotourism
Loss of Biodiversity
Causes of Biodiversity Loss
Habitat loss
Patch Size
Pollution
Hunting/fishing
Changes in biogeochemical cycles
Invasive species
Climate change
Extreme weather events/natural disasters
Habitat Loss
Invasive Species
Causes:
Ballast Water
Aquaria/pets
Gardens
Transport of food & goods
Breakout: How can we protect biodiversity?
In small groups discuss how we can protect biodiversity
Protected Areas
