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Biodiversity2021-Taped.pptxBiodiversity
Deep Sea Acorn Worm Yoda Purpurata
What is Biodiversity?
How can you measure biodiversity?
Species Discovery Curve
Known Species
8-14 (8.7) million species
1.2 million are known
2.2 million marine
Eucaryotes
Procaryotes (bacteria)
# of Species
Vertebrate Animals
Mammals 5,490
Birds 9,998
Reptiles 9,084
Amphibians 6,433
Fishes 31,300
Total Vertebrates 62,305
Invertebrate Animals
Insects 1,000,000
Spiders and scorpions 102,248
Molluscs 85,000
Crustaceans 47,000
Corals 2,175
Others 68,827
Total Invertebrates 1,305,250
# of species (cont)
Plants
Flowering plants (angiosperms) 281,821
Conifers (gymnosperms) 1,021
Ferns and horsetails 12,000
Mosses 16,236
Red and green algae 10,134
Total Plants 321,212
Others
Lichens 17,000
Mushrooms 31,496
Brown algae 3,067
Total Others 51,563
TOTAL SPECIES 1,740,330
Mora et al., 2011
# of species (undiscovered)
Biodiversity-How to get more species
Evolution:
Natural Variation (mutation)
Survival of the Fittest
Survive and Reproduce
Natural Selection
Biodiversity Over Time
Mutation
Natural Selection
Environmental Variability
Phylogenetic Tree of Life
Genetic Similarity
Evolution
Why is Biodiversity Good?
Sustainability during environmental variability
Ecosystem goods and services
Medicines
Clean water
Food
Minimize climate impacts
Flood protection
Mass Extinctions
Cretaceous-Tertiary (KT) Boundary
65 million years ago
Dinosaurs
Massive bolide
Permian-Triassic
251.4 million years ago
The Great Dying
96% of marine species
70% of terrestrial vertebrates
Holocene (since last ice age)
100-1000 times background extinction rates
Loss of Biodiversity
Causes of Biodiversity Loss
Habitat loss
Patch Size
Pollution
Hunting/fishing
Changes in biogeochemical cycles
Invasive species
Climate change
Habitat Loss
Invasive Species
Invasive Species
Causes:
-Ballast Water
-Aquaria/pets
-Gardens
-Transport of food
& goods
Protected Areas
