Biology 6

A _________________ is a tool used by a genetic counselor to show family history of a particular trait.

Group of answer choices

pedigree

amniocentesis

carrier

karyotype

 

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Question 20.5 pts

The person that sees a genetic counselor and initiates the family tree is called the

Group of answer choices

none of the choices are correct

proband

initiator

carrier

 

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Question 30.5 pts

How are people affected with a trait designated on a pedigree?

Group of answer choices

dot in the center of the symbol

darkened symbol

they are represented by a square

diagonal line through the symbol

 

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Question 40.5 pts

A person who carries two copies of an allele for a disorder is called a/an

Group of answer choices

carrier

proband

homozygote

heterozygote

 

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Question 50.5 pts

If only one copy of an allele is required to show a condition and males and females are equally affected, what is the most likely mode of transmission of this condition?

Group of answer choices

Y-linked

autosomal dominant

X-linked recessive

autosomal recessive

 

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Question 60.5 pts

A person who possess one copy of an allele coding for a disorder but is unaffected by the disorder is called a

Group of answer choices

homozygote

carrier

recessive

proband

 

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Question 70.5 pts

Which of the following is a characteristic of a pedigree showing autosomal dominant inheritance?

Group of answer choices

all of the choices are correct

Traits do not skip generations

males and females are equally affected

Affected children are born to affected parents

 

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Question 80.5 pts

Which of the following is  not a characteristic of a pedigree showing autosomal recessive inheritance?

Group of answer choices

the disorder skips generations

males are affected more often than females

affected children are born to unaffected parents

traits are seen more often in small, "closed" populations

 

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Question 90.5 pts

Which of the following is/are characteristics of pedigrees showing X-linked recessive traits?

Group of answer choices

affected sons are born to unaffected mothers

more males affected than females

disorder often skips generations

all choices are correct

 

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Question 100.5 pts

Which of the following forms of genetic testing involve isolating fetal cells during development?

Group of answer choices

ultrasound

phenylketonuria (PKU) screening

amniocentesis

all of the choices are correct

 

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Question 110.5 pts

If both parents are carriers of an autosomal recessive allele, what is the chance that their child will have the disorder?

Group of answer choices

25%

0%

50%

75%

 

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Question 120.5 pts

If a woman affected with an X-linked recessive condition, what is the chance that she will have a son that is affected with the same condition?

Group of answer choices

0%

25%

100%

50%

___________________________ is genetic change and it is responsible for phenotypic variation.

 

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Question 20.5 pts

Mutation occurs randomly and spontaneously.

Group of answer choices

True

False

 

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Question 30.5 pts

Mutations (variants) that occur in the DNA of cells like skin and nervous system cells are called

Group of answer choices

random

heritable

germ-cell

somatic

 

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Question 40.5 pts

Mutations that are passed from one generation to the next

Group of answer choices

occur in the sex cells

occur in somatic cells

affect both parents and offspring

are only due to radiation

 

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Question 50.5 pts

If the DNA nucleotide changed from an A to a T, this is called a

Group of answer choices

point mutation

frameshift mutation

somatic mutation

germ-cell mutation

 

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Question 60.5 pts

An insertion or deletion of one or more bases is called a

Group of answer choices

somatic mutation

point mutation

germ-cell mutation

frameshift mutation

 

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Question 70.5 pts

A mutation that leads to no change in amino acid sequence or phenotype is called a _____________ mutation.

Group of answer choices

missense

frameshift

nonsense

silent

 

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Question 80.5 pts

Mutations leading to a change in amino acid sequence are called ________________ mutations.

Group of answer choices

somatic

silent

missense

nonsense

 

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Question 90.5 pts

If a mutation leads to the formation of a stop codon in the resulting mRNA sequence, this mutation is called a

Group of answer choices

nonsense

somatic

missense

silent

 

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Question 100.5 pts

If a mutation leads to the formation of a new protein, it is called a ________________ mutation.

Group of answer choices

loss-of-function

gain-of-function

spontaneous

somatic

 

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Question 110.5 pts

What enzyme works to minimize the occurrence of spontaneous mutations?

Group of answer choices

RNA polymerase

DNA polymerase

telomerase

helicase

 

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Question 120.5 pts

_______________________ mutations result from exposure to some outside agent such as chemicals or radiation.

 

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Question 130.5 pts

Radiation is an example of an induced mutagen.

Group of answer choices

True

False

 

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Question 140.5 pts

Cells have only one way of repairing mutations in the DNA.  

Group of answer choices

True

False

Cancer occurs when cells lose the ability to control cell division.  

Group of answer choices

True

False

 

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Question 20.5 pts

Which type of tumor has the ability to spread to surrounding tissue?

Group of answer choices

benign

malignant

metastatic

all of the choices are correct

 

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Question 30.5 pts

Typically, it takes only a single mutation to give a cell the potential to become cancerous.

Group of answer choices

True

False

 

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Question 40.5 pts

Which of the following are characteristics of cancer cells?

Group of answer choices

all choices are correct

cancer cells have altered nuclei

cancer cells divide abnormally

cancer cells have less cytoplasm

 

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Question 50.5 pts

What ensures that tumors get adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients?

Group of answer choices

apoptosis

telomerase activity

angiogenesis

conversion of proto-oncogenes to oncogenes

 

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Question 60.5 pts

What is a difference between malignant and metastic tumors?

Group of answer choices

metastatic tumor cells produce enzymes that break down basal lamina and thus can leave move to other areas of the body

metastatic tumors do not promote angiogenesis

maliganant tumors do not promote angiogenisis

there is no difference between malignant and metastatic tumors

 

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Question 70.5 pts

Which of the following checkpoints in the cell cycle ensure that damaged DNA is not replicated?

Group of answer choices

G1

all of the choices are correct

M

G2

 

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Question 80.5 pts

Tumor suppressor genes that are functioning correctly ensure that

Group of answer choices

Cells that do not pass the cell cycle check points are killed

Cells never undergo apoptosis

Cells divide continuously

Cells bypass the cell cycle check points

 

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Question 90.5 pts

Programmed cell death is called

Group of answer choices

metastasis

mitosis

angiogenesis

apoptosis

 

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Question 100.5 pts

When a proto-oncogene is mutated and converted to an oncogene, what happens to the cell cycle?

Group of answer choices

it induces apoptosis

it does not stop

it stops at the G1 checkpoint

it skips mitosis

 

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Question 110.5 pts

How are viruses linked to some cancer?

Group of answer choices

viruses can block the action of the p53 protein

viruses make a lot of themselves so they trigger the replication of their host cells as well

viruses can induce angiogenesis

viruses can activate oncogenes