Argumentative Paper

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Running head: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY & SOURCE EVALUATION 1

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY & SOURCE EVALUATION 4

Annotated Bibliography & Source Evaluation

PHIL345: Critical Reasoning

Oct 2, 2020

Annotated Bibliography & Source Evaluation

Thesis Statement

Abortion should be legalized because it has detrimental effects on women, including psychological outcomes if they are denied an abortion. Abortion is about the choice of the woman involved. Out of 5 women with unwanted pregnancies, there would prefer to terminate the pregnancy since they may not be in opposition to raise the child. If abortion is performed correctly, it has no physical health risks to women (Ralph et al., 2019). Although people argue that abortion has detrimental effects on women's health, the study by Ralph et al. (2019) indicates that physical health has no significant difference in women who have aborted and those who chose to give birth.

Therefore, if abortion is legalized, health risks associated with its operation are reduced. Being denied an abortion leads to increased adverse psychological effects (Biggs et al., 2017). Women can develop stress and depression, wondering how they would raise the children. Women should be given the right to choose whether to keep the pregnancy or not. Although this is deviant, unethical, and morally unacceptable behavior, if legalized, the health risks women and post-abortion risks can be reduced. Abortion should not be legalized due to detrimental health effects such as cramping, nausea, and related health problems (Gerdts et al., 2016)

Annotated Bibliography

Ralph, L. J., Schwarz, E. B., Grossman, D., & Foster, D. G. (2019). Self-reported physical health of women who did and did not terminate pregnancy after seeking abortion services: a cohort study. Annals of internal medicine, 171(4), 238-247.

The article discusses the associated physical health effects of women who aborted and those who did not after seeking abortion services. Pregnancy poses risks to women's health until the fetus is carried to term, and it's born. The study results indicate that women who sought abortion services did not demonstrate worse long-term physical health. The article shows that women who were denied requested abortion services and gave birth reports side effects such as chronic headaches and joint pain.

Biggs, M. A., Upadhyay, U. D., McCulloch, C. E., & Foster, D. G. (2017). Women's mental health and well-being 5 years after receiving or being denied an abortion: A prospective, longitudinal cohort study. JAMA psychiatry, 74(2), 169-178.

The article focuses on determining women's psychological well-being after receiving or being denied an abortion. Before the abortion, women receive counseling on its adverse effects. Some of the negative psychological effects associated with abortion include anxiety and low self-esteem. The article reports two results among women who were denied an abortion. Women who have an abortion with a history of child abuse and neglect are most likely to experience adverse mental outcomes.

Gerdts, C., Dobkin, L., Foster, D. G., & Schwarz, E. B. (2016). Side effects, physical health consequences, and mortality associated with abortion and birth after an unwanted pregnancy. Women's Health Issues, 26(1), 55-59.

The article discusses the side effects, physical health effects, and mortality associated with abortions and birth after an unwanted pregnancy. The study's findings are that women who abort or deliver an unwanted pregnancy experience adverse physical health effects raging from discomforts, related side effects such as cramping, to life-threatening conditions and death. Inpatient counseling is essential to help understand the abortion process and its associated outcomes.

Kotta, S., Molangur, U., Bipeta, R., & Ganesh, R. (2018). A cross-sectional study of the psychosocial problems following abortion. Indian journal of psychiatry, 60(2), 217.

According to Kotta et al. (2018), abortion has mental effects on women. The study shows that women who had never been through an abortion showed less risk of distress than those with single or two previous abortions. Those who had previous abortions showed less risk of mental diseases. It is an indication increased abortion in one woman familiarizes her with the action hence reduced mental effects. Previous studies have shown that repeated abortions increase the risk of mental health problems that a single abortion. Higher distress was observed in women with multiple abortions.

Foster, D. G., Biggs, M. A., Ralph, L., Gerdts, C., Roberts, S., & Glymour, M. M. (2018). Socioeconomic outcomes of women who receive and women who are denied wanted abortions in the United States. American journal of public health, 108(3), 407-413.

The study aims to determine the socioeconomic consequences of women who receive and those who are denied wanted abortions. The majority of the women seek abortion services as they feel they lack the ability to take the pregnancy to term and offer quality life to the child. Many women who seek abortion services face economic challenges, such as the ability to pay for food and housing. Women who are denied abortion services face more economic hardships indicating the burden of raising a child as a single parent.

References

Biggs, M. A., Upadhyay, U. D., McCulloch, C. E., & Foster, D. G. (2017). Women’s mental health and well-being 5 years after receiving or being denied an abortion: A prospective, longitudinal cohort study. JAMA psychiatry, 74(2), 169-178.

Foster, D. G., Biggs, M. A., Ralph, L., Gerdts, C., Roberts, S., & Glymour, M. M. (2018). Socioeconomic outcomes of women who receive and women who are denied wanted abortions in the United States. American journal of public health, 108(3), 407-413.

Kotta, S., Molangur, U., Bipeta, R., & Ganesh, R. (2018). A cross-sectional study of the psychosocial problems following abortion. Indian journal of psychiatry, 60(2), 217.