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Summary: this article highlights the blended learning design while recommending the notes for beginners. This case study also describes briefly of the steps taken when creating a hybrid course for beginners while presenting recommendations for the others that might be interested.

Use: I intend to use this article to highlight of the steps taken to design the hybrid learning courses.

Hmbert, J. & Vignare, K. (2005). RIT introduces blended learning—successfully! In J. C. Moore (ed.), Elements of Quality Online Education: Engaging Communities, Wisdom from the Sloan Consortium, Volume 2 in the Wisdom Series. Needham, MA: Sloan-C.

Summary: this article highlights the effectiveness of blended learning on students and the perception of the same by students.

Use: I intend to use this paper to understand the effectiveness of hybrid learning, hybrid course designing and how well it is embraced in institutions of higher learning.

Martyn, M. (2003). The hybrid online model: Good practice. EDUCAUSE Quarterly, 26 (1), 18-23

Summary: this article highlights the development and implementation of online hybrid models. It also describes the online approach to online learning while employing the best qualities of online hybrid learning.

Use : I would use this paper to gain an understanding on what hybrid models are, their benefits and challenges associated with creating them.

Riffell, S.K., & Sibley, D.F. (2004). Can hybrid course formats increase attendance in undergraduate environmental science courses? Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education, 33, 1-5.

Summary: this paper investigates the effectiveness of online hybrid classes in increasing the attendance of in undergraduate courses. Some of the points outlined include the benefits of hybrid learning in boosting class attendance and manageability.

Use: I intend to use this article to further understand how hybrid learning is a much better alternative to traditional forms of education.

Spilka, R., (2002, March). Approximately "Real World" Learning with the Hybrid Model. Teaching with Technology Today, 8 (6).

Summary: this article highlights the benefits that come with hybrid learning where students from all works are able to comfortably learn online without the hassle of being physically present at the school. It also highlights how much the technology as been embraced all over the world.

Use

Summary: this paper addresses how hybrid learning designs are discovered, created and delivered to students. Processes of designing of hybrid courses are to fit the quality expected of them is highlighted too.

Use: I intend to use this resource to understand better on hybrid course creation and designing to fit the students’ needs.

Reasons, Saxon G., Valadares, Kevin, & Slavkin, Michael. (2005). Questioning the hybrid model: Student outcomes in different course formats. Journal of Asynchronous Learning, 9(1), 83-94.

Summary: this journal highlights of how well students have embraced hybrid learning courses while questioning how efficient the hybrid model has been for ensuring positive student outcomes eventually.

Use: I would use this resource to determine the effectiveness of hybrid learning on student learning along with the adoptability of the learning models.

Rovai, A.P., & Jordan, H.M. (2004). Blended learning and sense of community: A comparative analysis with traditional and fully online graduate courses. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning.

Summary: this journal compares blended learning to traditional graduate courses outlining which of the two is of a greater value to the student and the community at large in ensuring quality education is achieved.

Use: I intend to use this paper to compare the benefits of hybrid learning to traditional learning methods while trying to answer the question why hybrid classes.

Utts, J., Sommer, B., Acredolo, C., Maher, W. M., & Matthews R. H. (2003). A study comparing traditional and hybrid internet-based instruction in introductory statistics classes. Journal of Statistics, 11(3), np.

Summary: this paper tries to highlight the effectiveness of hybrid learning to traditional learning based on introductory statistical classes giving an overview of which of the two is better than the other.

Use: I would use this paper to understand the effectiveness of both types of learning on certain courses offered in schools such as statistics.

Summary: this paper outlines the most valued design elements that are most valued by adult learners in hybrid learning classes online. The design elements mentioned are part of the design tools used in hybrid learning courses creation.

Use: I would use this paper to understand further the design elements that are usually incorporated in the creation of hybrid learning courses.

Christensen, T.K. (2003). Finding the balance: Constructivist pedagogy in a blended course. Quarterly Review of Distance Education, 4(3), 235-243.

Summary: this paper describes a blended introductory instructional design course at Brigham Young University that had been evaluated, revised, and re-evaluated. The case is an example of how a faculty member teaching a blended course must constantly determine the balance between face-to-face and online components.

Use: I intend to use this case study to understand how the balance between face-to-face and online components can and should be maintained for hybrid learning to be successful.

Cox, G., Carr, T., & Hall, M. (2004). Evaluating the use of synchronous communication in two blended courses. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 20, 183-193.

Summary: this paper evaluates the use of distance learning in blended courses with its impact on both students and the instructors being highlighted. Students and instructors using this mode of learning had positive attitudes towards distance learning after using it for a given duration of time.

Use: I would use this paper to evaluate the impact and effectiveness of synchronous communication in learning.

Kerres, M., & De Witt, C. (2003). A didactical framework for the design of blended learning arrangements. Journal of Educational Media. 28 (2-3), 101-113.

Summary: this journal highlights the arrangements put in place in developing blended learning courses and how effective they may be in the long run.

Use: I intend to use this journal to understand the framework put in place in the creation of blended learning courses.

Paine, P. F. (2003). An outline for designing a hybrid first year language course with WebCT. Eric Document ED479812.

Summary: this paper outlines the designs that are incorporated in designing a hybrid first year language course so as to meet the fast changing needs of the student while meeting the traditional course objectives.

Use: I would use this paper to understand the designs incorporated in designing hybrid courses and the elements to be considered.

Skibba, K. A. (2006, March). A Cross-Case Analysis of How Faculty Connect Learning in a Hybrid Courses. Proceedings of 47th Annual Adult Education Research Conference. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minneapolis, Minnesota.

Summary: this case study highlights how the faculty has embraced hybrid learning while trying to connect and understand the hybrid courses.

Use: I intend to use this paper to understand how much hybrid learning has been embraced by both the faculty and students in institutions all over.

Soules, M. (2005). Collaboration and publication in hybrid online courses.

Summary: this paper highlights the combined technologies of distance learning and face to face interaction that facilitate hybrid learning. All processes of hybrid learning are dependent on the two mentioned elements that can only be understood through observations and recommendations.

Use: I intend to use this paper to understand the importance and role of technology in hybrid learning.

Summary: This paper summarizes the lessons learned from blended learning including its description, discovery, challenges, design creation and the benefits of blended learning.

Use: I would use this paper to gain more understanding on hybrid learning and its impact globally.

Dziuban, C., Hartman, J., Moskal, P., Sorg, S., & Truman, B. (2004). Three ALN modalities: An institutional perspective. In J. Bourne & J.C. Moore (Eds.), Elements of Quality Online Education: Into the Mainstream (pp. 127-148). Needham, MA: Sloan Center for Online Education.

Summary: this resource highlights the recent technological advancements that have been unveiled in the past years that have facilitated the spread of hybrid learning in most institutions both locally and globally.

Use: I intend to use this paper to understand the technology behind hybrid learning and how effective they are in its facilitation.

Dziuban, C.D., Moskal, P. D., Hartman, J. (2005). Higher education, blended learning, and the generations: Knowledge is power: No more. In J. Bourne & J.C. Moore (Eds.), Elements of Quality Online Education: Engaging Communities. Needham, MA: Sloan Center for Online Education.

Summary: this article discusses the elements of quality hybrid education through engaging the communities while creating awareness on the effectiveness and benefits of blended learning.

Use: I would use this article to outline the elements of quality hybrid learning .

Kaleta, R., & Garnham, C. (2001). Hybrid I: UW System Hybrid Course Project — Overview, Faculty Development, Student Resources. Proceedings of the 17th Annual Conference on Distance Teaching and Learning, University of Wisconsin-Madison.

Summary: this article discusses how hybrid learning has been incorporated into the university system and how well it has been embraced by both the students and the faculty. Developments in the faculty and the availability of student resources to facilitate this transformation have been discussed too

Use: I intend to use this article to create suggestions that would facilitate the improvement of hybrid learning in most institutions.

Kaleta, R., Skibba, K. A., & Joosten, T. (In Press). Discovering, designing, and delivering hybrid courses. In A. Picciano & C. Dziuban (Eds.), Blended learning: Research perspectives. Needham, MA: The Sloan Consortium.

Summary: this journal highlights how blended or hybrid learning was discovered, designed and delivered to students all over. It also goes ahead to highlight its benefits and the challenges associated with blended learning.

Use: I would use this article to increase my knowledge on the subject for the final project report where I will be arguing out why hybrid classes should be considered or not considered.

Skibba, K. A. (2006, March). A Cross-Case Analysis of How Faculty Connect Learning in a Hybrid Courses . Proceedings of 47th Annual Adult Education Research Conference. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minneapolis, Minnesota.

Summary: this article from the University of Minneapolis analyses how future teachers and educators connect learning in a hybrid course. How the faculty perceived this mode of learning is what was majorly being studied.

Use: I intend to use this article to analyze the perception of hybrid learning and courses for my research as I build my argument on why hybrid courses.

Young, J.R. (2002, March 22). 'Hybrid' teaching seeks to end the divide between traditional and online instruction. Chronicle of Higher Education, 48(28), A33-34.

Use : I would use this article to highlight the differences that may have existed between hybrid learning and traditional learning methods and the developments that are yet to be made to create a harmony between the two.

King, K. (2002). Identifying success in online teacher education and professional development. Internet and Higher Education, 5, 231-246.

Summary: This article identifies the successes of hybrid and blended classes through the development of teachers who teach online. The development observed is in terms of educational and professional developments where teachers are able to develop better skills for their practice.

Use: this article will add more weight to my argument on hybrid classes by outlining that it’s not only of benefit to the students but also the teachers educating their students online. I intend to use this article to outline this point.

Sands, P. (2002). Inside outside, upside downside: Strategies for connecting online and face-to-face instruction in hybrid courses. Teaching with Technology Today, 8(6).

Summary: This article highlights how interactions are possible with instructors during the hybrid learning process giving strategies that could facilitate the latter.

Use: I would use this paper to understand the strategies put in place to guide interactions between students and instructors during hybrid learning.

Jay Caulfield, How to Design and Teach a Hybrid Course: Achieving Student-Centered Learning through Blended Classroom, Online and Experiential Activities (2011).

Summary: this article guides how to design the hybrid learning courses while making the courses as student-centered as possible.

Use: I would use this paper to understand further how hybrid learning courses are created and the strategies involved in its creation.

Faculty Resource on Hybrid Courses and Ten Questions to Consider When Redesigning a Course for Hybrid Teaching and Learning from the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. Summary: this explains how to redesign a course for hybrid teaching and learning to encourage on taking the conversion from traditional to hybrid slowly and not to limit the number of technology tools introduced earlier on. Use: I would use this resource to understand how to transition from traditional learning to hybrid learning and what's make hybrid classes different than other types .

Student Engagement Techniques: A Handbook for College Faculty (2010) by Elizabeth Barkley. Ideas for the in-person portions of a hybrid course.

Summary: this resource highlights how instructors and students can engage with each other.

Use: I would use this paper to understand student-teacher interactions during the blended learning process.

Columbus State Community College: Advantages and Challenges for Blended Courses 

Summary: this is a journal on the Columbus State Community College website that outlines the pros and cons of hybrid learning for both the student and the instructor.

Use: I would use this paper to compile my points on the advantages of blended learning and its disadvantages if present.

36-Barker, J. (2015). Benefits Of Hybrid Classes In Community Colleges. Contemporary Issues in Education Research (CIER), 8(3), 143. doi:10.19030/cier.v8i3.9343

Summary: This is a discussion of hybrid courses and the impact they have on education facilities, instructors and students. The course should be done by incorporating online learning with traditional classroom way of learning.

Use: This study will help me to know how students respond to the hybrid system of learning.

37-Chen, W., & Looi, C. (2007). Incorporating online discussion in face to face classroom learning: A new blended learning approach. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 23(3). doi:10.14742/ajet.1255

Summary: This is a discussion of innovative blended learning strategies which used online discussions in off-classroom setting and in-class face-to-face setting. Online discussions were compared with in-class and off-class online discussions, as well as face-to-face oral discussions in class. The study was examining the advantage of these strategies

Use: The study will help me in learning how best to incorporate different learning strategies in order to improve the cognitive thinking skills of students and the ability to process information.

38-Colwell, J. L. (2011). Experiences With A Hybrid Class: Tips And Pitfalls. College Teaching Methods & Styles Journal (CTMS), 2(2), 9. doi:10.19030/ctms.v2i2.5254

Summary: the study is a discussion on the experience of transforming a classroom-based course into a hybrid class, by use of web-support and a mix of traditional class time.

Use: This study gives me insights on how a traditional classroom learning model can be transformed either into partly online class or fully online learning course

39-Deprey, S. M. (2018). Outcomes of Flipped Classroom Instruction in an Entry-Level Physical Therapy Course. Journal of Physical Therapy Education, 32(3), 289-294. doi:10.1097/jte.0000000000000035

Summary: This journal discusses how “flipped classrooms” can provide students with a more interactive environment for learning. In these classrooms, students listen to already recorded course content before coming to class. The students are supposed to answer assignments in these classrooms based on the concepts learned from the prerecorded content.

Use: This journal will help me in understanding the importance of integrating technology in studying.

40-Doug, M., & Kathryn, D. (2012). Distance Education: Linking Traditional Classroom Rehabilitation Counseling Students with their Colleagues Using Hybrid Learning Models. Rehabilitation Research, Policy, and Education,26(4), 315-320. doi:10.1891/2168-6653.26.4.6

Summary: This study focuses on distance learning and how technology enables such programs through virtual or real classrooms.

Use: This study helps in acknowledging the role played by incorporation of technology in learning especially be long-distance learners

41-Gordon, J. A., Barnes, C. M., & Martin, K. J. (2009). Undergraduate Research Methods: Does Size Matter? A Look at the Attitudes and Outcomes of Students in a Hybrid Class Format versus a Traditional Class Format. Journal of Criminal Justice Education, 20(3), 227-248. doi:10.1080/10511250903200493

Summary: The study focuses on understanding the variations in student engagement as well as the course outcomes based on the format of the course.

Use: The study helps me to understand the appropriate learning modalities especially in improving processing of information during reseaerch.

42-Hakala, I., & Myllymaki, M. (2016). From face-to-face to blended learning using ICT. 2016 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON). doi:10.1109/educon.2016.7474586

Summary: This study is an examination of two different models of study consisting of face-to-face learning supported with Learning Management system, and fully online teaching model.

Use: This study is useful in determining the best model to use in teaching students for improved results.

43-He, W., Gajski, D., Farkas, G., & Warschauer, M. (2015). Implementing flexible hybrid instruction in an electrical engineering course: The best of three worlds? Computers & Education, 81, 59-68. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2014.09.005

Summary: The study aimed at exploring a modified version of instruction known as flexible hybrid format in an electrical engineering course.

Use: The study helps me to understand how students utilize their time in class, and the effect of motivation in class performance. It will also help me in understanding the effect of hybrid modality in improving student performance.

44-Holmes, C. M., & Reid, C. (2017). A Comparison Study of On-campus and Online Learning Outcomes for a Research Methods Course. The Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision. doi:10.7729/92.1182

Summary: this study examines the outcomes of online learning and on-campus learning of the same course through the same instructor.

Use: The study will help me in understanding how online and on-campus learning can be conducted in a way that both groups benefit equally.

45-Marjorie K. B (2001). Why Teach Hybrid History? History Review, Vol. 17(1), pp 31-38.

Summary: This article focuses on investigating the best methods of incorporating the use of hybrid modality of learning by looking at how hybrid system has evolved. It is concerned with the basic principles and guidelines that can be used by tutors in order to achieve effectiveness.

Use: This study is useful in guiding tutors on which methods have worked well and is effective when instructing students.

46-Riyami, B., Poirier, F., & Mansouri, K. (2017). Towards a hybrid learning model for the higher education system in Morocco. 2017 Intelligent Systems and Computer Vision (ISCV). doi:10.1109/isacv.2017.8054973

Summary: The study was carried out to establish the effect of introduction of hybrid system to learners through a well thought-out process.

Use: The study is a good reflection on how institutions should venture in adopting the different modalities doe the benefit of students

47-Vess, D. L. (2005). Asynchronous Discussion and Communication Patterns in Online and Hybrid History Courses. Communication Education, 54(4), 355-364. doi:10.1080/03634520500442210

Summary: This study aimed at investigating whether asynchronous discussions in hybrid classes would enhance analytical ability as well as self-reliance.

Use: This study helps in understanding the approach used by students in utilizing online platforms to enhance their skills and cognitive ability during discussions.

48-Wei, Y., Shi, Y., Yang, H. H., & Liu, J. (2017). Blended Learning versus Traditional Learning: A Study on Students’ Learning Achievements and Academic Press. 2017 International Symposium on Educational Technology (ISET). doi:10.1109/iset.2017.57

Summary: The study investigated effectiveness of traditional learning and blended learning towards learning achievements by students as well as academic press.

Use: The study is useful to me in that it reflects the difference that are brought about by incorporating the use of internet in learning processes

49-Willson, R. W. (2008). In-Class—Online Hybrid Methods of Teaching Planning Theory. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 28(2), 237-246. doi:10.1177/0739456x08324286

Summary: The study is an evaluation of planning theory for graduates’ courses which are taught through traditional formats and online formats, as well as observing students performance and reflection by instructors

Use: The study gives insights to instructors on the best way of conducting online teaching to benefit students and foster improvements.

50-Yudko, E., Hirokawa, R., & Chi, R. (2008). Attitudes, beliefs, and attendance in a hybrid course. Computers & Education, 50(4), 1217-1227. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2006.11.005

Summary: This study aims at understanding the attitudes, belief and the attendance by students in hybrid modalities of learning. This understanding helps tutors to know the behavior of students and how best they can teach them.

Use: This study will help me in understanding how students approach the internet in improving the knowledge and research. This is gives insights on how to better teach students taking online courses.