OVERVIEW ASSIGNMENT
mariammoshi93
BG10_MOVIESLecSty_F12rv.pptx1
MOVIES – Cinema - Film as Art
Please note: Trailers and clips of the well-known films noted here can be found and viewed on the Internet.
- Characteristics
- History
- Animation
- 3 Presentations
- Conventions:
6 Theatrical
5 Editing
6 Filmic
- 14 Genres
- Auteurs
- Effects on Audiences
- Watching While Thinking
- Evaluating Merits
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Movie: a composite art form
Borrows from older art forms:
Visual arts
Performing arts
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Fabrications made up through
special effects:
camera use, editing, juxtaposition,
structural rhythms
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Action/
Adventure
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Invented in 1895
First motion pictures only a few minutes long
The greatest entertainment art form of the 20th century
Cinema: Background
A Trip to the
Moon, 1904
1st 20 min. movie -
Science-fiction!
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A Trip to the Moon (French: Le Voyage dans la lune) is a 1902 French black and white silent science fiction film. It is based loosely on two popular novels of the time: From the Earth to the Moon by Jules Verne and The First Men in the Moon by H. G. Wells.[1] The film was written and directed by Georges Méliès, assisted by his brother Gaston. The film runs 14 minutes if projected at 16 frames per second, which was the standard frame rate at the time the film was produced. It was extremely popular at the time of its release and is the best-known of the hundreds of fantasy films made by Méliès. A Trip to the Moon is the first science fiction film, and uses innovative animation and special effects, including the well-known image of the spaceship landing in the moon's eye.
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Ashurbanipal pursuing Arabs on camels
(Assyrian, ca. 850 BCE.)
Ancestors of Movies in History
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Multiple Exposure:
Photographic study of movement
Zoetrope: A device that produces the illusion of action by presenting a rapid succession of static pictures.
Precursors: Simulating Motion . . . .
Flip Book: contains a series of pictures that vary gradually from one picture to the next, so when turned rapidly the pictures seem to animate by simulating motion.
Both the Flip Book
and Zoetrope depend
on the phenomena of
“persistence of vision.”
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Marcel Duchamp. Nude Descending a Staircase #2.1912.
www.beatmuseum.org/duchamp/images/nude2.jpg
Marcel Duchamp, Nude (Study), Sad Young Man on a Train (Nu [esquisse], jeune homme triste dans un train), 1911–12. Oil on cardboard, 100 x 73 cm. Peggy Guggenheim Collection. 76.2553 PG 9. Marcel Duchamp © Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York/ADAGP, Paris.
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Cartoons/animation: The technique of filming successive drawings/positions of puppets or models to create an illusion of movement when the movie is shown as a sequence.
Snow White & the Seven Dwarfs, 1937
Hand-drawn: 2 million sketches
250,000 drawings used; Over 750 artists
Toy Story 1995. Computer animation
Spirited
Away,
2002,
Miyazaki.
Japanese
“Anime”
style.
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Walt Disney's release of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs in 1937 is considered the first important feature-length cartoon. Seven other less important animated movies were before this one.Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs ｩ 1996 DisneyﾊActual animation begin in 1936, although the story work had been going on for two years already. At least two million sketches were created for the show and over 250,000 drawings were used in the film.Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs was a collaborative effort of over 750 artists.
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Jurassic Park, 1993. Steven Spielberg. Computer generated and animatronic dinosaurs.
The T. rex's roar is a baby elephant mixed with a tiger and an alligator. Its breath
is the sound of a whale's blowhole.
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3-D Film
A 3-D ("three-dimensional") film:
A motion picture that enhances the illusion of depth perception.
Derived from stereoscopic photography,
A special motion picture camera is used to record the images as seen from two perspectives (or from computer generated imagery),
Special projection hardware and/or eyewear are used to provide the
illusion of depth when viewing
the film.
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Flower girls
in Paris, 1898
Stereograph converted
into an anaglyph.
Avatar
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Three presentation techniques: 1. Narrative 2. Documentary 3. Absolute: film for arts’s sake:
Hero, 2004
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Epic/Historical
Costume dramas
Historical dramas
War films
Medieval
Historical
Imagined
Mythic
Legendary
Heroic
Extravagant setting and lavish costumes
Grandeur and spectacle, dramatic scope, high production values, and a sweeping musical score
1. NARRATIVE
Film Genres
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Nikki
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Components of a Play are part of film, too.
Vital to Film dramas:
1. Pretense
2. Conflict: outer, inner
Aristotle’s Poetics:
1. plot
2. character
3. thought
4. diction
5. spectacle
6. song
Mise-en-scene (the “choreography” of movies): orchestrating the staging of things and people
What’s important . . . . In movies
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Editing: How film is cut + put together
Cut (jump, montage)
Camera (position/viewpoint)
Shot (master, long, medium + close-up)
Dissolve (transitional)
Movement (depth of focus, track, pan) (swivel, tilt, zoom)
Lighting (manipulate light + dark
=> feeling)
Let’s apply . . . .
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Epic/Historical
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Japanese
Kabuki
Theater:
Bridget Jones’ Diary
Actors, Setting, Style:
From Mask and Stilts
to “facial” acting.
Theater --> Movie
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Some Theatrical Conventions are part of Films too . . .
Elizabethan Conventions:
courtyard theater, open in the center
daylight performances
all-male actors--no masks
minimal use of chorus
no / little scenery; verse created the settings
verbal dynamics, strong imagery
verse dialogue for upper-class characters; prose for servants
soliloquy
aside
on-stage violence
multi-layered entertainment
Section diagram of Globe Theater, London, 1599-1613.
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Six Conventions Specific to Film
1. Cinematography
- establishing shot
- close-up
- point of view
- cut
2. Conventions of Sound
- sound effects
- score/soundtrack
Cinematography
Sound
Time
Space
Animation
Special Effects
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Alfred Hitchcock:
North by Northwest
1. CINEMATOGRAPHY:
Point of view, lighting
Dramatic angle, setting
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Conventions of film
3. Conventions of time
lingering take
pan
time compression devices
dissolve
change of film speed
4. Conventions of space
tracking shot
Cinematography
Sound
Time
Space
Animation
Special Effects
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Conventions of Film
5. Animation techniques
6. Special effects
Optical (for example: 3-D)
Audio
Sound effects
Soundtrack
Cinematography
Sound
Time
Space
Animation
Special Effects
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Fourteen Major film Genres (types)
Film noir
“Private eye” moral vision,
Alienation. Maltese Falcon
Neo-Noirs: Pulp Fiction
The Dark Knight
2. Romantic comedy
couples, happy ending
Bridget Jones’ Diary
3. Comedy of Manners
class differences; wit triumphs
“Pride and Prejudice” movies
4. Musical comedy
// to romantic with singing +
Dancing. Fantasy.
Mama Mia
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1. Film Noir
Style and genre marked by a mood of pessimism, fatalism, & menace.
A group of French critics applied term to American thriller / detective films made in the period 1944–54 and to the work of directors such as Orson Welles, Fritz Lang, and Billy Wilder.
Q. Tarantino, Pulp Fiction. Neo-noir mood. Cubist-like style.
Film noir
“Private eye” moral vision,
Alienation. Maltese Falcon
Neo-Noirs: Pulp Fiction
The Dark Knight
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Major film genres, cont.
5. Western: part of the American myth (Shane; The Good, the Bad and the Ugly; Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid; 3:10 to Yuma)
6. Horror and Suspense
(Rosemary’s Baby, . . .
7. Disaster film
(Day After Tomorrow; 2012
8. Slice of Life: fictional chronicle of ordinary events
(American Beauty; The Taking of Woodstock)
2. Romantic comedy
Couples, happy ending
Bridget Jones’ Diary
3. Comedy of Manners
Class differences; wit triumphs
“Pride and Prejudice” movies
4. Musical comedy
// to romantic with singing +
Dancing. Fantasy.
Mama Mia
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9.Westerns
Actual: about a short-lived time in history . . .
But,
long-lived
international mythic appeal.
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WESTERNS
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Major film genres, cont.
9. Social Realism
Institutions, economic policies’ impact on human beings (Raisin in the Sun, Grapes of Wrath, The Hurt Locker).
10. Documentaries (non-fictional, factual) and
docudramas (focuses on narrative vs. exposition) (Titticut Follies, Sicko)
11. Fictionalized biography: loose treatment of facts (Amadeus)
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8. SLICE OF LIFE
11. BIOGRAPHY
HISTORY
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SLICE OF LIFE,
BIOGRAPHY,
HISTORY
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Major genres, cont.
12. Science fiction
13. Fantasy
Crouching Dragon, Hidden Tiger
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Director: Ridley Scott
Inspired by Philip K Dick novel- Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?
1982
In Los Angeles dystopia of 2019, Rick Deckard reluctantly agrees to hunt down rebellious replicant workers.
Characters: Leon, Pris, Batty (Roy), Rachael, Zhora (dancer), Deckard, Gaff (origami man), Tyrell, Sebastian, Chew, Holden (first Blade Runner), Bryant (boss).
Prefigures important concerns of the late 20th and early 21st centuries, such as overpopulation, globalization, climate change [4] and genetic engineering.
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Musical Genres
Grand cinematic films emphasize full-scale scores or song and dance routines in a significant way
Can also center on combinations of music, dance, song or choreography
West Side Story; Chicago; Mama Mia
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14. Drama
Serious presentation
Life situations
Characters in conflict with each other
Largest film genre
Dramatic themes
Addresses human issues
Frank and realistic
Valkyrie; Curious Case of Benjamin Button; Australia,
Revolutionary Road, J. Edgar
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Film auteur. Examples:
Ingmar Bergman, Wild Strawberries
Federico Fellini, 8-1/2
Alfred Hitchcock, North by Northwest
Martin Scorsese, Gangs of New York, Aviator
Quentin Tarantino, Pulp Fiction
Their movies are characterized by their distinctive style + creative influence.
Other auteurs . . . .
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Auteur/
actor:
ORSON
WELLES
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American
AUTEUR:
FRANCIS
FORD
COPPOLA
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DRACULA
FRANCIS FORD COPPOLA: Apocalypse Now, The God Father
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English
AUTEUR:
STANLEY
KUBRICK
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THE AUTEUR
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How does film stimulate the senses?
Cross-cutting: alternation between 2 actions
Tension build up + release
Direct address (aside, soliloquy, camera look)
Magnitude (panoramas, full-scale action)
Music, sound (soundtrack)
Symbolic images + aural techniques
suggest ideas!
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1. Look at the shot (lighting, costume, set design).
2. What is the camera doing? (cinematography, angle/point of view, subject, focus)
3. Action and dialogue (flowing/jerky action? Revealing of character?)
4. Parts of story (scenes, sequences, segments)
5. Acting (Is it convincing, original, interactive? compare to other performances)
6. Directing (casting, pacing, coherence, style)
7. Script, Music, Editing, Design
8 .Context (as commentary on society + politics)
Watching While Thinking
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Evaluating a film’s merits
1. Use style unique to cinema
2. Characters with complex inner lives
3. Relevance to the times
4. Integrity
5. Avoidance of stereotypes
6. Gravity of theme
7. No violations of probability
8. Realistic depiction of gender
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The End
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Answer:
The male dog who
played Lassie.
P.S.
Who was the most famous female impersonator in the history
of cinema?
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Moments
From the classic
Film noir
Romance
“Casablanca”
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