Cyber Crime- Week 13 Assignment

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Computer Forensics and Cyber Crime

CHAPTER

Computer Forensics and Cyber Crime, 3rd ed. Marjie T. Britz

Conclusion and Future Issues

Computer Forensics and Cyber Crime, 3rd ed. Marjie T. Britz

Learning Objectives

Explore traditional problems associated with the investigation and prosecution of computer-related crime.
Discuss strategies to minimize the impact of computer-related crime.
Discuss approaches to combatting Internet crime.
Recognize emerging trends in wireless communications.
Develop an understanding of societal expectations of decency on the Internet.
Explore issues associated with data mining.

Computer Forensics and Cyber Crime, 3rd ed. Marjie T. Britz

Traditional Problems and Recommendations

Establishing technology-neutral legislation
Outdated legislation, like the Wire Act, may not be helpful, as it responds to an old issue.
Newer laws can help with guidelines for data analysis.

Computer Forensics and Cyber Crime, 3rd ed. Marjie T. Britz

Traditional Problems and Recommendations

Establishing accountability for Internet users
Legislation must balance legitimate interest in confidentiality against blanket anonymity.
Legislation must reflect the need of the wide-open marketplace created by World Wide Web as place for commerce, growth, individual expression, and state sovereignty.

Computer Forensics and Cyber Crime, 3rd ed. Marjie T. Britz

Traditional Problems and Recommendations

Increasing public awareness and research capabilities
Traditionally, the public has been unaware of the danger, so education is necessary.
Education may lead to better funding and better reporting.
Create nationwide directory to facilitate information-sharing among many.

Computer Forensics and Cyber Crime, 3rd ed. Marjie T. Britz

Traditional Problems and Recommendations

Increasing interagency and intradepartmental cooperation
Can lead to better collaboration, cooperation, and use of resources
Federal government needs to do more, especially through grants
Need for executive branch support
Set up federal informational clearinghouses
Facilitate interagency cooperation, especially regarding the vulnerability of digital evidence

Computer Forensics and Cyber Crime, 3rd ed. Marjie T. Britz

Traditional Problems and Recommendations

Developing relationships between investigative agencies and the private sector

Law enforcement will still be overworked, understaffed, technologically deficient, and poorly funded
Private sector may not suffer under such limitations, especially with technological know-how
Partnerships emphasizing ethical accountability, perhaps lead to code of conduct?
Lead to better reporting?

Computer Forensics and Cyber Crime, 3rd ed. Marjie T. Britz

Traditional Problems and Recommendations

Developing international cooperation

Need to address preservation of digital evidence, in terms of search and seizure, especially given off-site storage of proprietary information.
Enact treaties to settle jurisdictional disputes.
Other traditional law enforcement issues need addressing, like competing interests.
Is there a possibility of creating a global legal support regime?

Computer Forensics and Cyber Crime, 3rd ed. Marjie T. Britz

Traditional Problems and Recommendations

Standardization of accreditation or expertise
Need for standardization to reduce Daubert/Frye challenges regarding recovery of digital evidence
Something addressed by professional associations, academic publishing?
Will still take time, money
It is already difficult to find true experts

Computer Forensics and Cyber Crime, 3rd ed. Marjie T. Britz

Traditional Problems and Recommendations

Need for law enforcement to create and maintain a presence on the Web
Informing the community can advance mission, promote policies, facilitate communication

Computer Forensics and Cyber Crime, 3rd ed. Marjie T. Britz

Additional Approaches to internet Crime

Concern for the increase in denial of service attacks, money laundering, organized crime
Hampered by borderless nature of the Internet

Partnering with cybercitizens:
Holding accountable ISP’s hosts and e-businesses
Utilization of existing forfeiture statutes
Emphasize grassroots approach to business community, to know your customers

Computer Forensics and Cyber Crime, 3rd ed. Marjie T. Britz

Future Trends and Emerging Concerns

Wireless communications
Easier to address, as cell providers are easier to identify
No expectation of privacy with wireless communications
FCC regulations require providers be able to locate cell phones
However, disposable phones are cheaper to use and get rid of
More vulnerable due to access via Internet download, Bluetooth, multimedia messaging service

Computer Forensics and Cyber Crime, 3rd ed. Marjie T. Britz

Future Trends and Emerging Concerns

Data-hiding
Remote storage, encryption, etc.
Problem if remote storage is outside of jurisdiction
Not likely that the U.S. Supreme Court will allow for broad searches of data storage facilities

Computer Forensics and Cyber Crime, 3rd ed. Marjie T. Britz

Future Trends and Emerging Concerns

Over-the-counter encryption makes it difficult to crack
May be tough with relaxing of export regulations
However, consequences of the September 11 attacks could lead to enactment of anti-encryption legislation
Also, ease of use of disposable email, anonymizers

Computer Forensics and Cyber Crime, 3rd ed. Marjie T. Britz

Future Trends and Emerging Concerns

Governing decency and virtual pornography
Especially given case law, unlikely to see universal definitions of indecency and vulgarity
Technological safeguards may inadvertently apply to legitimate material
What happens when computer-generated imagery obviates need for using humans to create media?
All this may mean that things get worse.

Computer Forensics and Cyber Crime, 3rd ed. Marjie T. Britz

Future Trends and Emerging Concerns

Data-mining: A comprehensive analysis of large data sets to uncover patterns and relationships
However, this can lack context: Reveals patterns, not causal relationships or depth or strength of connections
Limited by lack of quality control, and there is no differentiation between good and bad data sources

Computer Forensics and Cyber Crime, 3rd ed. Marjie T. Britz

Future Trends and Emerging Concerns

Criticized for mission creep, to use mined data for other purposes than originally intended

Criticized by privacy advocates as violating various rights under U.S. Constitution

Computer Forensics and Cyber Crime, 3rd ed. Marjie T. Britz

Conclusions

As anonymity and profitability decrease for cybercrime, will they be replaced by technological alternatives?
Problems, still, due to lack of resources, appropriate legislation
Exacerbated by judicial and social indifference to dangers