write 5 page essay; add 3 pages for title with running head, abstract page, and references.

profiledream86
BergerCA8e_lecCh16.ppt
Home>Psychology homework help>write 5 page essay; add 3 pages for title with running head, abstract page, and references.

Kathleen Stassen Berger

Part V

Adolescence: Psychosocial Development

Chapter Sixteen

  • Identity
  • Relationships With Elders and Peers
  • Sexuality
  • Sadness and Anger

Identity

  • A consistent definition of one’s self as a unique individual, in terms of roles, attitudes, beliefs, and aspirations.

  • identity versus role confusion: Erikson’s terms for the fifth stage of development where person tries to figure out “Who am I?” but is confused as to which of many possible roles to adopt.

  • identity achievement
  • Erikson’s term for attainment of identity, or the point at which a person understands who he or she is as a unique individual.

Not Yet Achievement

  • identity diffusion: the opposite of identity achievement
  • adolescent does not seem to know or care what his or her identity is

  • Foreclosure
  • premature identity formation
  • Occurs when an adolescent adopts parents’ or society’s roles and values without questioning.
  • Moratorium
  • A way for adolescents to postpone making identity achievement choices by finding an accepted way to avoid identity achievement.
  • Going to college is the most common example.

Identity

  • Religious identity
  • few teenagers achieve
  • most religions expect young people to struggle with theological questions

  • Sexual or gender identity
  • sex/sexual referring to biological male/female characteristics
  • gender referring to cultural and social characteristics

  • Political or ethnic identity
  • political: identifying with a party
  • ethnic: identifying with a person

  • Vocational identity
  • few teenagers can find meaningful work
  • most available jobs different from in the past
  • required skills for many vocations take years to attain
  • premature to select at age 16

Relationships With Elders and Peers

  • Conflicts With Parents
  • bickering
  • repeated petty arguments

  • What do you see in the body position of these two that suggests a generational conflict?

Closeness Within the family

  • Communication
  • talk openly with one another
  • Support
  • rely on one another
  • Connectedness
  • emotionally close
  • Control
  • encourage or limit autonomy

Cliques and Crowds

  • Clique
  • group of adolescents made up of close friends who are loyal to one another while excluding outsiders

  • Crowd
  • A large group of adolescents who have something in common but who are not necessarily related

Choosing friends

  • peer pressure
  • Social pressure to conform to peer activities.
  • deviance training
  • Destructive peer support in which one person shows another how to rebel against authority or social norms.
  • peer selection
  • select friends based on shared interests and values
  • peer facilitation
  • encouragement adolescents give one another to partake in activities or behaviors they would not otherwise do alone
  • constructive or destructive

  • Friends of Both Sexes
  • Parents sometime worry about boy-girl contact.

  • Immigrant Youth
  • Millions of immigrants born abroad or those whose parents were born in another nation.

Sexuality

  • Sequences: From Asexual to Active
  • groups of friends
  • exclusively one sex or the other
  • loose association of girls and boys, with public interactions within a crowd
  • small mixed-sex groups of the advanced members of the crowd
  • formation of couples, with private intimacies

  • Romances
  • first appears in high school

  • Homosexual youth
  • Complications slow down the formation of friendships and romantic bonds.
  • Learning about sex
  • Parents and societies continue to be concerned about adolescent sexual relationships.
  • Peers
  • Sexual behavior is strongly influenced by information, and examples of other adolescents.

  • Parents
  • Play pivotal role in teenage sexual decisions.
  • Sex education in school
  • U.S. began massive experiment in 1998.
  • Sexual Behavior
  • Not all adolescents are having sex.
  • Rates vary from nation to nation.
  • Teen births overall have decreased dramatically in every nation.
  • The use of protection has increased.
  • The abortion rate is also down.

  • Comorbidity
  • Situation in which two or more unrelated illnesses or disorders occur at the same time.
  • Depression
  • Clinical depression
  • Suicide
  • Suicidal ideation
  • Parasuicide
  • Cluster suicides

Sadness and Anger

  • More destructiveness

  • Breaking the law
  • incidence
  • prevalence

  • Cause of delinquency
  • life-course-persistent offender

  • adolescence-limited offender