technology in contemporary society
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BEHS103-Week7-ArtandTechnology.pptxTechnology and Entertainment - Art
BEHS 103: Technology in Contemporary Society
Week 7
Credit: Katherine Im (2021, July)
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Art
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Prehistoric Art (30,000 BCE – 8,000 BCE)
The earliest surviving nonfunctional objects from Paleolithic Era
Small stone and bone sculptures, often of female form
Cave drawings (15,000-13,000BCE)
Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/
http://www.historyofpainters.com/paleolithic_art.htm
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Egyptians (3200 BCE – 1070 BCE)
Stiff and formal
“Frontalism”
Religious themes
http://www.historyofpainters.com/egyptian_art.htm
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Ancient Greeks (700 BCE – 323 BCE)
Use of homemade pigments, often toxic
Art became more colorful, joyful
http://www.historyofpainters.com/greek_art.htm
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Ancient Romans (500 BCE – 350 AD)
Loved art and beauty but were preoccupied with commerce and power
Borrowed art style and technique from Greeks
Artists known for portable panels, frescoes, and tromp l'oeil
Mythological and erotic scenes
http://www.historyofpainters.com/romanart.htm
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Christian Art (750-985)
During Constantine era - Carolingian Art
Very religious in theme
Use of illumination (highly ornate calligraphy)
http://employees.oneonta.edu/farberas/arth/Images/109images/Carolingian/Cod_Aureus_Chas_Bald.jpg
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Byzantine Era (527-1453)
No perspective
Use of Illumination
Mosaics
http://www.historyofpainters.com/byzantine.htm
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Gothic Era (1100-1450)
“The age of faith”
Known for architecture
Highly religious
Individuals seen as followers of Christ – no individualism
Emphasis on heavenly beauty and angelic images
http://www.historyofpainters.com/gothic.htmghly religious
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Renaissance (1350-1550)
Emergence of the individual and wealthy merchant class (patrons)
Paintings show figures that are powerful
Religion less important than in middle ages. More focus on natural world.
Introduction of oil painting
Emphasis on individual accomplishments
http://www.historyofpainters.com/earlyrenaissance.htm
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Baroque Period (1580-1770)
Art used as religious propaganda – reaction to the Reformation
Emotional depictions, use of color
Overall harmony of the painting – powerful and emotional to sway (convert) viewers
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Rococo Period (1710-1750)
Focused on the wealthy
Hedonism
Flattering, unrealistic depictions of the aristocracy
Overly romanticized
http://www.historyofpainters.com/rococo.htm
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Romanticism (1783-1830)
Valued courtly love and truth
Believed that beauty was inspirational and powerful
Decorative painting style designed to evoke emotional response
Inspired by folklore, mythology and fairytales
http://www.historyofpainters.com/romanticism.htm
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Impressionism (1860-1895)
Interested in effect of light on the eye, not on objects themselves
Introduced scientific way of thinking to their work
Intellectual and social group of painters
http://www.historyofpainters.com/impressionism.htm
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Art Nouveau (1890-1915)
Heavily influenced by Japanese art using woodblocks
Stylized organic, ornamental shapes and patterns
How does this tie into the Industrial Revolution that was occurring at the time?
http://www.historyofpainters.com/nouveau.htm
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Surrealism (1920’s)
Reaction to classic art forms
Reaction to a world in turmoil
Drew inspiration from Freud
“Pure psychic automatism, by which it is intended to express, verbally, in writing, or by other means, the real process of thought. Thought's dictation, in the absence of all control exercised by the reason and outside all aesthetic or moral preoccupations.”
-- André Breton (The founder of the Surrealist Movement) 1924
http://www.historyofpainters.com/surreal.htm
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Art Deco (1920-1940)
Roots in Art Nouveau
Geometric shapes, highly ornamented, symmetry
Use of beige, cream, silver, black, chrome, yellow and red
Represented luxury and glamour
Pop Art (1955 – 1980)
Reaction to fine art
Use of culturally relevant, common objects
Reaction to abstract art
Meant to be ironic
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_art
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What do the trends in the art movements say about what was important in society over time?
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How technology changed art
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Pigments
Modern pigments were important to art as well as to fashion and auto industry
Worked independently on developing more advanced technologies for better pigments
Modern paints are lightfast because of the car industry
Timeline of pigments: http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/intro/history.html
Photography
Aristotle and Euclid (~300 BCE) understood basic principles of optics
Alhazen (965-1040) – “Father of modern optics” – 1st to reflect an image onto a screen
http://giscreatio.blogspot.com/2012/03/o-tempo-e-os-tempos-na-fotografia-por.html
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Alhazen described and used early form of camera – “camera obscura”
1814 – Niepce (pictured) – 1st photographic image – 8 hours of exposure, faded quickly
http://www.onthisdeity.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/3.jpg
http://0.tqn.com/d/inventors/1/0/m/3/1/Camera_obscura.jpg
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1837 – daguerreotype – 1st fixed, permanent image on silver plates, only 30 minutes exposure
http://www.artistsandalchemists.com/images/uploads/content/lincoln_daguerreotype.jpg
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First 35mm camera (1913-1914)
http://inventors.about.com/od/pstartinventions/a/Photography.htm
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1st Digital Camera (1975)
Kodak developed the 1st digital camera
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Digital storage
1990 - Eastman Kodak markets CD as a digital storage device
1999 – First patent for USB flash drive
No need to develop film
Huge storage capacity for all types of media
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Cloud technology
Reduces need for hard storage
Allows access anytime, anywhere
Allows for easy sharing
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Motion Pictures
Merging of storytelling and art
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1st talking picture
1926 – Don Juan
1927 – The Jazz Singer
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Television
1927 – Philo Farnsworth – 1st to transmit a television signal
1936 – 1st public transmission in London
1948 – 1st television network program in the US - Texaco Star Theater with Milton Berle
1948 – Cable television
1953 – First color broadcast
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Television’s impact
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Told us how to think
Told us what to like
Told us how to behave
Shaped family life
Shaped gender roles
Shaped attitudes about race/ethnicity
Where are we today?
Movies, tv shows, music are all portable
Entertainment is immediate and personalized
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How has technology changed art? How is this related to society?
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The meaning of art hasn’t changed
Greater range of media
More accessible to the masses
More accessible to a global audience
Democratizing for both artists and audience
More people can participate through digital tools (publishing software)
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Art museum apps
https://www.google.com/search?q=app+for+art+history+smithsonian&client=firefox-a&hs=vpw&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=GpYAUrLaJqjk4APHyYHYDA&ved=0CAcQ_AUoAQ&biw=1366&bih=645#bav=on.2,or.r_qf.&fp=284a79cc826a3748&q=app+for+art+museum&rls=org.mozilla:en-US%3Aofficial&sa=1&tbm=isch&facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=WQ03iIpRE7D2ZM%3A%3B6hWaLeV19jpidM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.tednguyenusa.com%252Fwp-content%252Fuploads%252F2012%252F10%252FScreen-Shot-2012-10-22-at-9.17.27-PM.png%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.tednguyenusa.com%252Fmobile-apps-for-museums-connecting-us-with-art-or-disrupting-the-arts-experience%252F%3B549%3B289
Example: http://americanart.si.edu/collections/search/
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