Behavioral Health

Running Head: BEHAVIORAL HEALTH 1

Behavioral Health

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BEHAVIORAL HEALTH 2

Behavioral Health

Question 1

Figure 10-1: Prevalence of any mental illness among U.S Adults

The graph displays statistics about mental welfare received in 2014 by the adult

population in the United States of America aged 18 years and above with any mental disorder.

According to the graph, 18.1% of the total adult population were found to have AMI’s. The

female population were more affected with 21.8% as compared to the male population with 14.1

%. From the graph, the AMI was most prevalent amongst adults aged 26 years to 49 years with

20.4 % followed by those aged 18 to 25 years with 20.1 % and those above 50 years with 15.4

%. The prevalence was also highest amongst adults with more than two races who registered

27.1 % followed by NH/OPI with 22.3 %. The Asians were the least affected amongst the other

races with 13.2% prevalence.

Figure 10-2: Prevalence of serious mental illness among U.S Adults

The graph displays statistics about mental welfare received in 2014 by the adult

population in the United States of America aged 18 years and above with serious mental disorder.

According to the graph, 4.1% of the total adult population were found to have serious mental

illnesses. The female population were more affected with 5% as compared to the male population

with 3.1 %. From the graph, the serious mental illnesses were most prevalent amongst adults

aged 26 years to 49 years with 4.9 % followed by those aged 18 to 25 years with 4.8 % and those

above 50 years with 3.1 %. The prevalence was also highest amongst adults with more than two

races who registered 4 % followed by whites with 4.4 %. The Asians were the least affected

amongst the other races with 2.4% prevalence.

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BEHAVIORAL HEALTH 3

Figure 10-3: Top leading disease/disorder categories contributing to U.S. disability-adjusted

life years (DALYs) (2010)

The graph presents data about how different diseases contributed to U.S DALYs in 2010.

From the graph, it is evident that the neuropsychiatric disorder was the leading cause of DALYs

both in the mental and behavioral disorders category and the neurological disorders category.

Cardiovascular and circulatory diseases follows amongst the disorders within the mental and

behavioral disorders followed by Neoplasms with 15.1%, musculoskeletal disorders with 11.8%,

and diabetes, urogenital blood, and endocrine disease with 8%. The least contributors are

transport injuries with 3% and self-harm and interpersonal violence with3.1% (Giedd.et.al,

2015).

Figure 10-4: U.S. DALYs for Mental and Behavioral Disorders as percent of Total U.S

DALYs

The graph presents statistics about the percentage of total U.S DALYs contributed by

different mental disorders in the mental and behavioral category. From the graph, it is evident

that major depressive disorder is the leading cause of DALY amongst all the disorders within the

mental and behavioral disorders with 3.73 %. It is followed by drug use disorders with 2.61 %,

anxiety disorders with 2.28 % and alcohol use disorders with 1.4%. The least contributors are

idiopathic intellectual disability with 0.06 % and other mental and behavioral disorders with 0.12

%.

The mental Health Parity and addition equity act of 2008

This is an enforcement that demands for equal treatment of all patients regardless of

whether they have mental illnesses in all private and public health facilities. The act demands

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BEHAVIORAL HEALTH 4

that the quality of welfare plan for drug abuse and mental healthiness to be compared with the

quality of other health benefits, without any restrictions. This implies that no plan can be

executed while it included limited restrictive visits or if it imposed high cost sharing or applied

more tedious before approval or concomitant appraisal necessities on MH/SUD welfares with

comparison to similar medical or surgical benefits (McGinty.et.al, 2015).

According to the Act, insurance is complex while parity is somewhat simple. Parity

means that health plans ought to handle addiction the same way it handles other ailments.

However, the Parity Act have not been wholly effected. Consequently, many individuals have

ended up facing various hindrances while seeking medical assistance. Some have been denied

coverage through illegal channels while others find it hard to navigate the complicated insurance

process especially when encountering a crisis (Sipe.et.al, 2015).

In a previously carried out research, it was established that there is extensive non-

compliance with the Affordable Care Act which demands that addiction treatment be covered.

This is because inaccessibility of affordable and efficient treatment contributes a great deal to the

death of many people attributed to addiction (Barry, Goldman & Huskamp, 2016).

National institute of mental health

This is the main state agency that carries out investigation on mental health. It aims at

changing the comprehension and handling of mental disorders via elementary and medical

research, thus creating way for deterrence and treatment. The NIMH plays a number of roles in a

bid to harness logical information and apparatuses to accomplish better comprehension,

treatment, and finally, prevention of the restricting state of affairs (Teachman.et.al, 2018).

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BEHAVIORAL HEALTH 5

The agency is required to support and conduct study on mental health and the underlying

basic science of the human brain and behaviorism. It also support the training of mental health

specialists to carry out basic and medical health research. The agency also communicates with

scientific specialists, mental health victims, health providers, as well as the community at large

regarding the science of psychological health.

The National Institute of Mental Health influences the access to and utilization of

healthcare services in a number of ways. NIMH supports studies done in educational institutions

and medical centers, and cooperative agreements through funding research. This has enhanced

further learning and establishment of information regarding mental health, which is very vital in

ensuring that people suffering from mental illnesses are well treated.

The National Institute of Mental Health has also played a key role in utilization of

healthcare through creating awareness to the general public. It assists a larger population to learn

about different aspects of mental healthiness. For instance, people have learnt on ways of

improving their mental health. They have also learnt the different ways through which they can

prevent being victims of the illnesses (Garvey, Avenevoli & Anderson, 2016).

The agency has also pressured for the coverage of the mental illnesses like any other

disease. This is derived from the mental Health Parity and addition equity act that states that all

the mental health patients need to be treated like any other disease (Ettner.et.al, 2016). They are

therefore required to be covered like any other patient. The NIMH demands that the act be

effected fully for the reason that a few of the patients of addiction have not been covered, based

on a research that have been carried out previously.

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BEHAVIORAL HEALTH 6

The NIMH has also collaborated with Psychiatric Drug Discovery and hence is able to

carry out further investigation regarding the mental illnesses attributed to drug use and abuse.

This has made it easier for the institute to champion for their treatment given that there is a

widespread knowledge about the diseases (Goldfried, 2016).

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BEHAVIORAL HEALTH 7

References

Barry, C. L., Goldman, H. H., & Huskamp, H. A. (2016). Federal parity in the evolving mental

health and addiction care landscape. Health Affairs, 35(6), 1009-1016.

Ettner, S. L., Harwood, J. M., Thalmayer, A., Ong, M. K., Xu, H., Bresolin, M. J., ... & Azocar, F.

(2016). The Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act evaluation study: Impact on

specialty behavioral health utilization and expenditures among “carve-out”

enrollees. Journal of health economics, 50, 131-143.

Garvey, M., Avenevoli, S., & Anderson, K. (2016). The national institute of mental health

research domain criteria and clinical research in child and adolescent psychiatry. Journal

of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 55(2), 93-98.

Giedd, J. N., Raznahan, A., Alexander-Bloch, A., Schmitt, E., Gogtay, N., & Rapoport, J. L.

(2015). Child psychiatry branch of the National Institute of Mental Health longitudinal

structural magnetic resonance imaging study of human brain

development. Neuropsychopharmacology, 40(1), 43.

Goldfried, M. R. (2016). On possible consequences of National Institute of Mental Health

funding for psychotherapy research and training. Professional Psychology: Research and

Practice, 47(1), 77.

McGinty, E. E., Busch, S. H., Stuart, E. A., Huskamp, H. A., Gibson, T. B., Goldman, H. H., &

Barry, C. L. (2015). Federal parity law associated with increased probability of using out-

of-network substance use disorder treatment services. Health Affairs, 34(8), 1331-1339.

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BEHAVIORAL HEALTH 8

Sipe, T. A., Finnie, R. K., Knopf, J. A., Qu, S., Reynolds, J. A., Thota, A. B., ... & Chapman, D.

P. (2015). Effects of mental health benefits legislation: A community guide systematic

review. American journal of preventive medicine, 48(6), 755-766.

Teachman, B. A., McKay, D., Barch, D. M., Prinstein, M. J., Hollon, S. D., & Chambless, D. L.

(2019). How psychosocial research can help the National Institute of Mental Health

achieve its grand challenge to reduce the burden of mental illnesses and psychological

disorders. American Psychologist, 74(4), 415.

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