2 reality checks

Think of a time that you felt you were not being heard. What made

you feel that way?

Listening and Critical Thinking

Communication Skills

LISTENING IS IMPORTANT

• CEOs, politicians, teachers

• +60% errors

• Practice listening

• 44% of time listening

Objectives

• Understand listening is a process

• Barriers to listening

• The 4 types of listening

• Become a better listener

Listening is a process

Stage 1: Receiving Physiological Mental

Stage 1: Receiving/Hear and Attend

Automatic/Selective Attention

Stage 2: Understanding

Working Memory: Makes sense of the stimuli

Stage 3: Remembering

Short-term: temporary Long-term: schemas

Remembering

We remember 50% immediately after hearing it We remember 35% after eight hours We remember 25% after two months

Stages 4 and 5 Interpreting/Evaluating

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XpaOjMXyJGk

Stage 6: Responding

What are your two strongest areas of the listening stages? Why?

Barriers to Listening

Physical Mental Multi-tasking

Noise

Barriers to Listening

Factual distractions Semantic distractions

Noise 120-150 WPM 400-800 WPM

Barriers to Listening

Perception of others

Status Stereotypes Jumping to conclusions

Barriers to Listening

Yourself

Egocentrism Defensiveness Superiority Personal bias Psuedolistening

Four types of Listening

• Appreciative • Empathic • Comprehensive • Critical

Become a better listener

BY

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND

https://www.ted.com/talks/julian_treasure_5_ways_to_listen_better

Recognize differences in listening

WOMEN

• To understand

• Like complex

• Highly perceptive

• Attentive, eye contact

• Signals agreement

MEN

• To take action

• Like concise, unambiguous

• Don’t recognize

• Less, glances,

• Switch topics

Purpose

Preferences

List. Awareness

NV

Interrupt

Listen and think critically

• Analyzing the speaker, the situation, and the speaker’s ideas to make critical judgments about the message being presented

• Situation: staff meeting after a huge layoff • Source credibility: perception of competence • Message

• Data: facts and evidence • Claim: Overall point • Warrant: Reasoning made for bridge b/w data and claim

Use nonverbal communication effectively

• Demonstrate bodily responsiveness (head nods, etc.) • Lean forward • Use direct body orientation and open positions • Maintain relaxed but alert posture • Establish direct eye contact • Sit or stand close to speaker • Be vocally responsive • Provide supportive utterances

Use verbal communication effectively

• Invite additional comments • Ask Questions • Identify areas of commonality • Vary verbal responses • Provide clear, concrete responses • Avoid complete silence • Don’t interrupt

Check your understanding

• Ask questions for clarification • Paraphrase the speaker’s message and intent • Identify areas of confusion • Invite clarification and correction • Go back to the beginning

Effective listening in different situations

• Workplace • Nuggets, Source, Slow down, Feedback

• Classroom • Application, Openness, Practice, Main Ideas

• Media • Information literacy (locate, evaluate, and effectively use

• Second language • Vocabulary comprehension, metacognitive awareness

Ways to be an ethical listener

• Recognize the sources of your own conversational habits

• Recognize when you are engaging in poor listening behaviors

• Apply general ethical principles to how you respond

• Adapt to others

Can you?

• Identify different stages in the listening process

• Describe some of the barriers to listening

• Summarize 4 types of listening

• Demonstrate ways to improve your listening

When people talk, listen completely