Discussions regarding Professional Competency Concerning Corporal Punishment

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Child Neglect and Psychological Maltreatment

Chapter 3

Child Neglect

What is child neglect?
Definitions of child neglect
Comprehensive definitions
Lack of agreement
Intentionality
Harm standard vs. endangerment standard
Frequency and duration
Chronicity of neglect
Neglecting the unborn child

Family Violence Across the Lifespan, 3rd Edition

Child Neglect

Typologies of Neglect
Specific behaviors
Emotional neglect vs. psychological maltreatment
Medical neglect
Cross-Cultural Abuse
Dutch prevalence study
Romanian infants

Family Violence Across the Lifespan, 3rd Edition

Child Neglect

Prevalence/Incidence of Child Neglect
Official estimates
Self-report surveys
Effects of Child Neglect
Early neglect
Unique effects

Family Violence Across the Lifespan, 3rd Edition

Child Neglect

Expanded Research on the Effects of Neglect
Attachment difficulties
Minnesota Longitudinal Study
Cognitive and academic deficits
Emotional and behavioral problems
Physical consequences

Family Violence Across the Lifespan, 3rd Edition

Characteristics of Neglected Children and Their Families

Characteristics of Neglected Children
NIS-4. Between 2005-2006: N=771,700 (61%) were neglected according to the Harm Standard
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, 2008; 758, 289 maltreated children
Sex of neglected children
Race of neglected children
No significant racial disparities in percentage of neglect
Disability

Family Violence Across the Lifespan, 3rd Edition

Characteristics of Neglected Children and Their Families

Characteristics of Neglectful Parents
NIS-4
Gender differences
Risk Factors
Parent-Child Interactions

Family Violence Across the Lifespan, 3rd Edition

Child Psychological Maltreatment

Lack of focus on child maltreatment
Definition of Psychological Maltreatment
What is psychological maltreatment?
Focus of definition
Child outcomes
Parental behaviors
Parent-child interactions

Family Violence Across the Lifespan, 3rd Edition

Child Psychological Maltreatment

Prevalence of Psychological Maltreatment
Mandating record keeping
Self-report surveys of psychological maltreatment
Effects of Psychological Maltreatment
Long-term Effects of Psychological Maltreatment
Mediators of effects
Neurodevelopmental effects

Family Violence Across the Lifespan, 3rd Edition

Children Exposed to Interparental Violence

Historical introduction
Co-occurrence of child abuse and domestic violence
Defining exposure to interparental violence
Act of omission or commission?
Importance of definition
Specific aspects of defining exposure to interparental violence

Family Violence Across the Lifespan, 3rd Edition

Children Exposed to Interparental Violence

Prevalence of exposure to marital violence
Effects on children’s exposure to interparental violence
Research finding about children exposed to violence
Long-term effects of exposure to marital violence
Need for services

Family Violence Across the Lifespan, 3rd Edition

Characteristics of Maltreated Children and Their Families

Characteristics of maltreated children
Resilient children
Characteristics of maltreating parents

Family Violence Across the Lifespan, 3rd Edition

Explaining Child Neglect and Child Psychological Maltreatment

Socioeconomic status
Family structure/functioning
Intergenerational transmission of maltreatment

Family Violence Across the Lifespan, 3rd Edition

Parenting Problems in Neglectful and Psychologically Maltreating Families

Single parenting/presence of fathers
Disabled mothers
Mothers’ parenting in father-violent families
Fathers’ parenting in violent families
Mothers’ legal difficulties coping with a violent father

Family Violence Across the Lifespan, 3rd Edition

Parenting Problems in Neglectful and Psychologically Maltreating Families

Methodological issues pertaining to effects research
Lack of a standard definition
Inadequate sampling
Polyvictimization effects
Sources of report
Research designs
Correlational data
Lack of theoretical underpinnings
Noncomparability of comparison groups

Family Violence Across the Lifespan, 3rd Edition

Practice, Policy and Prevention Issues for Neglected Children, Children Exposed to Parental Marital Violence and Psychologically Maltreated Children

Practice (Treatment) for child neglect and psychological maltreatment
Multiservice interventions
Home visitation programs
Social support programs
Early Intervention Programs
Healthy families New York
Nurse-family Partnership (NFP)
U.S. Triple P – Positive Parenting Program

Family Violence Across the Lifespan, 3rd Edition

Interventions for children exposed to interparental violence
Group counseling
Shelter programs
The Safe Start Initiative
Common problems in implementation for all programs
Therapy drop-outs
Lack of correct implementation by workers
Interaction with difficult children
Elements of successful programs

Family Violence Across the Lifespan, 3rd Edition

Policy Issues
Legal issues concerning parental behaviors
Neglect and maltreatment investigates
Safe Families Act
Safe-haven laws
The Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA; 2003)
Poverty
Who is accountable for children’s exposure to marital violence?
Lack of available programs

Family Violence Across the Lifespan, 3rd Edition