FINAL EXAM

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Abused and Abusive Partners in Understudied Populations
Cross-Cultural, Immigrant/Ethnic/Racial, Rural, Same-Sex, and Military Groups

Chapter 10

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Cross-Cultural Intimate Partner Violence

  • “Violence against women stretches across the globe and has existed throughout history.” (Barnett, p. 470)
  • Recognition of the problem is not universal
  • Lack of economic support strongly correlated to male intimate partner violence
  • Immigrant status is associated with male assaultiveness
  • Alcohol is highly associated with family violence

Family Violence Across the Lifespan, 3rd Edition

© 2011SAGE Publications

© 2011SAGE Publications

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Cross-Cultural Intimate Partner Violence

  • Chaos generated by wars or civil unrest inflates the level of violence
  • Pro-violence attitudes related to male partner violence
  • Lack of legal protection permits male partner violence
  • Gender inequality plays a major role
  • Women are as likely or as more likely than men to believe that wife beating is justified

Family Violence Across the Lifespan, 3rd Edition

© 2011SAGE Publications

© 2011SAGE Publications

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Cross-Cultural Intimate Partner Violence

  • Fundamentalist dogma across different religions appears to be at the core of a large share of violence against women
  • The mental model of the good wife and the good daughter may help explain the acceptance of male violence in many South Asian societies
  • Social role theory explains all cross-cultural data

Family Violence Across the Lifespan, 3rd Edition

© 2011SAGE Publications

© 2011SAGE Publications

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  • Prevalence of husband-to-wife partner violence in:
  • Africa
  • Broad range of female behaviors cited as justification for violence
  • Intergenerational violence created as a result of witnessing violence
  • Asia
  • Women lack the most basic rights concerning their own bodies in many Asian countries
  • Korea-power structure and partner violence
  • Korea-patriarchal husbands
  • India-dowry murders
  • Nepal-attitudes toward women seem medieval (untouchables)

Family Violence Across the Lifespan, 3rd Edition

© 2011SAGE Publications

© 2011SAGE Publications

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  • Southern Asia-poverty contributes to violence
  • Bangladesh-acid throwing
  • China-jealousy
  • Hong Kong (Chinese definition of IPV)
  • Vietnam-attitudes toward gender
  • Australia, New Zealand, and Pacific Islanders-risk of partner violence is increased as a result of marginalization in immigrant group in those countries
  • Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Tajikistan
  • Treatment and attitudes toward women are affected by fundamentalist Muslim beliefs
  • Afghanistan-the Taliban

Family Violence Across the Lifespan, 3rd Edition

© 2011SAGE Publications

© 2011SAGE Publications

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  • Middle East
  • Human rights abuses against women are rampant
  • Honor societies
  • Egypt-wife beating the result of cultural tradition that beating is justified
  • Israel-pro-violent attitudes prevalent
  • Palestine-strong approval of wife beating by both men (60.1%) and women (61.8%)
  • Health professionals-collusion in a conspiracy of silence about violence against women
  • Europe
  • Efforts and responses to intimate partner violence across European continent lagged behind United States

Family Violence Across the Lifespan, 3rd Edition

© 2011SAGE Publications

© 2011SAGE Publications

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  • Russia
  • Little research on male-to-female partner violence
  • Risk factors include alcoholism and male partner’s exposure to his father’s physical abuse of his mother
  • Latin America
  • Patriarchal practices and machismo are strong contributors to male-to-female violence
  • Mexican pregnant women
  • Mexican social tie-not supportive and foster women’s victimization
  • North America
  • United States, Canada and Greenland have recognized male-to-female intimate partner violence as a social problem

Family Violence Across the Lifespan, 3rd Edition

© 2011SAGE Publications

© 2011SAGE Publications

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Immigrant and Ethnic/Racial Intimate Partner Violence

  • Woman’s decisions about partner abuse are filtered through cultural lens
  • Immigrants: understanding worldview is key
  • Collectivism or individualism
  • Ethnic/Racial minorities
  • Laws affecting immigrant women
  • Cultural insensitivity and the law
  • Prevalence of intimate partner violence among racial/ethnic groups

Family Violence Across the Lifespan, 3rd Edition

© 2011SAGE Publications

© 2011SAGE Publications

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Immigrant and Ethnic/Racial Intimate Partner Violence

  • Distinctive features of immigrants and minority intimate partner violence
  • African Americans: economic distress and residency in socially disadvantaged neighborhood are key factors
  • Arab Americans: patriarchal beliefs
  • Native American Indians: historical racism affects aspects of their lives; limited access to services

Family Violence Across the Lifespan, 3rd Edition

© 2011SAGE Publications

© 2011SAGE Publications

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Immigrant and Ethnic/Racial Intimate Partner Violence

  • Asian Americans
  • Strong cultural beliefs
  • May not see partner’s violence as abusive
  • Haitian immigrants
  • Experiences and witnessing acts of violence affects incidence of intimate partner violence
  • Wife beating is normal and occurs openly
  • Latinos
  • Latinas face many barriers: disclosure, language, fear of deportation and poverty

Family Violence Across the Lifespan, 3rd Edition

© 2011SAGE Publications

© 2011SAGE Publications

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Immigrant and Ethnic/Racial Intimate Partner Violence

  • Disclosure patterns
  • Trait comparisons
  • Gender trait comparison
  • Differences among Latina partner-violent offenders
  • Immigrant and ethnic batterers
  • Motives for intimate partner violence
  • Motives for female-to-male IPV
  • Motives for African American female-to-male (FMIPV)

Family Violence Across the Lifespan, 3rd Edition

© 2011SAGE Publications

© 2011SAGE Publications

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Immigrant and Ethnic/Racial Intimate Partner Violence

  • Differences in attitudes toward the criminal justice system
  • Calling the police
  • Police behavior
  • Consequences of male-to-female intimate partner violence
  • Health problems
  • Mental Health problems
  • African Americans, Hispanics, and other races
  • White, African Americans, and Latinas
  • Latinos vs. non-Latinos

Family Violence Across the Lifespan, 3rd Edition

© 2011SAGE Publications

© 2011SAGE Publications

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Immigrant and Ethnic/Racial Intimate Partner Violence

  • Social support
  • Asian women
  • Latinas
  • Differences in leave/stay decisions
  • African American women
  • Vietnamese women
  • Mexican American

Family Violence Across the Lifespan, 3rd Edition

© 2011SAGE Publications

© 2011SAGE Publications

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Rural Male-to-Female Intimate Partner Violence

  • Law enforcement
  • Several disadvantages face by women: distances, “good old boys network,” and anti-woman and anti-victim criminal justice system
  • Male-to female intimate partner violence
  • Designed as “intimate terrorism”
  • Socio-demographic comparisons
  • Socio-demographic profile similar to urban women except for age
  • Help-seeking and services available
  • Help seeking
  • Coping strategies

Family Violence Across the Lifespan, 3rd Edition

© 2011SAGE Publications

© 2011SAGE Publications

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Same-Sex Intimate Partner Violence (SSIPV)

  • Same-sex IPV definitions
  • Legal definitions
  • Protective orders
  • The genesis of homosexuality and the causes of violence
  • Estimating the prevalence/incidence of same sex IPV
  • Measurement
  • Prevalence of same-sex IPV

Family Violence Across the Lifespan, 3rd Edition

© 2011SAGE Publications

© 2011SAGE Publications

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Same-Sex Intimate Partner Violence (SSIPV)

  • Official reports
  • Estimates of same-sex IPV
  • Reporting/disclosing same-sex IPV and crimes
  • Partner violence
  • Lesbians and public attitudes
  • Attitudes of the public toward same-sex partner abuse
  • Sexual orientation and faith leaders

Family Violence Across the Lifespan, 3rd Edition

© 2011SAGE Publications

© 2011SAGE Publications

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Same-Sex Intimate Partner Violence (SSIPV)

  • Individuals differences (traits) of homosexuals
  • Dynamics of abusive lesbian relationship
  • Consequences of same-sex intimate partner violence
  • Responses of same-sex victims
  • Leaving among lesbian women

Family Violence Across the Lifespan, 3rd Edition

© 2011SAGE Publications

© 2011SAGE Publications

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The Military and Intimate Partner Violence

  • IPV is similar to and different from those found in nonmilitary communities
  • Differences center around the following:
  • Post-traumatic stress disorder
  • Relationship between PTSD and IPV
  • Categorizing IPV offenders
  • Responses to IPV and in the capacity to institute prevention measures

Family Violence Across the Lifespan, 3rd Edition

© 2011SAGE Publications

© 2011SAGE Publications

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