COGNITION: PSYC-316 DISCUSSION #5
Dee5
BaddeleysModel.pptxLearning objectives: By the end of this presentation you will be able to…
give an overview the various components of Baddeley’s model of working memory and their relations to one another.
define the phonological similarity effect, the word length effect, and describe the effect of articulatory suppression on the word length effect; describe how each of these effects supports the existence of a limited phonological memory system.
describe findings from research on mental rotation and on “holding a visual stimulus in mind” that support the existence of a limited visual memory system.
describe findings from research on high vs low WM capacity participants that supports the existence of a CE orchestrating working memory.
Baddeley’s Model of Working Memory
I. Overview
Baddeley’s Model of Working Memory
I. Overview
II. Model Components
A. Phonological (from phoneme) Loop
Existence of a limited phonetic memory system is supported by…
phonological similarity effect- confusion of letters or words that sound (rather than look) alike.
Baddeley’s Model of Working Memory
PIT
DAY
COW
PEN
HOT
CAT
MAP
MAN
CAP
MAD
Write the List
Phonological Similarity Effect
I. Overview
II. Model Components
A. Phonological (from phoneme) Loop
Existence of a limited phonetic memory system is supported by…
phonological similarity effect
word length effect- poorer memory for words that take longer to pronounce.
Baddeley’s Model of Working Memory
Land
House
Star
Bronze
Book
Bike
Dress
Planet
Musician
Property
Orchestra
Rhinoceros
Tuberculosis
Uranium
Write the list.
Word Length Effect
I. Overview
II. Model Components
A. Phonological (from phoneme) Loop
Existence of a limited phonetic memory system is supported by…
phonological similarity effect
word length effect
phonological suppression effect- poorer recall while repeating a word (e.g. “the”) out loud during list exposure, presumably because the repeated word overloads the phonological loop, suppressing articulation…
Baddeley’s Model of Working Memory
Articulatory Suppression Obliterates the Word Length Effect
By Overloading the Phonological Loop
I. Overview
II. Model Components
A. Phonological (from phoneme) Loop
B. Visuospatial Sketchpad
Existence of a limited visual memory system is supported by…
increased time to match visual stimuli that require greater mental rotation (indicates analog representation of stimulus). Demo here.
Baddeley’s Model of Working Memory
I. Overview
II. Model Components
A. Phonological (from phoneme) Loop
B. Visuospatial Sketchpad
Existence of a limited visual memory system is supported by…
increased time to match visual stimuli that require greater mental rotation
greater ease providing a verbal than a visual description of a “spatial stimulus held in mind”(Brooks, 1968), presumably because the visual description overloads the sketchpad.
Baddeley’s Model of Working Memory
Close your eyes and, working clockwise from the asterisk, say “out” or “in” for each turn around the “F”
Place index fingers on left and right ALT keys on your keyboard. Close your eyes and, working clockwise from the asterisk, press left for “out” or right for “in” for each turn around the “F”
Visually Describing Spatial Stimulus Held In Mind
Overloads the Visuospatial Sketchpad
I. Overview
II. Model Components
A. Phonological (from phoneme) Loop
B. Visuospatial Sketchpad
C. Central Executive
Existence of a CE that Delegates Attention Among Components is supported by…
greater ability of high capacity WM participants to ignore stimuli (Vogel et al., 2005)…
Baddeley’s Model of Working Memory
(Vogel et al., 2005)…
identified participants with hi vs lo WM Capacity based on how many items they could hold in working memory.
measured event-related potentials (ERPs) indicative of how much space is being used in working memory.
instructed participants to attend to red stimuli and presented red only or red & green…
lo WM capacity participants were unable to ignore green stimuli
Notes on the Importance of the CE:
people whose CE is better at delegating attention, not only have higher WM capacity, they are also better readers & reasoners, skills that contribute to IQs
knowing how you learn & remember, metacognition, predicts academic performance.
Baddeley’s Model of Working Memory
