Anatomy and physiology

AXIAL SKELETON LAB CHEATSHEET (VERTEBRAE & SACRUM)

1. The spinal column is made up 3 major curvatures. Name them.

a. _____________

b. _____________

c. _____________

2. From your textbook or anatomy atlas app locate the “Atlas & Axis” cervical vertebrae. How

are these vertebrae different from normal cervical vertebrae?

______________________________________________________________

3. From your textbook or anatomy atlas app locate the following structures on the “Atlas”

a. Vertebral foramen

b. Transverse process

c. Superior articular faucet

d. Transverse foramen

e. Posterior tubercle

4. From your textbook or anatomy atlas app locate the following structures on the “Axis”

a. Dens

b. Vertebral foramen

c. Spinous process

d. Lamina

e. Transverse process

f. Transverse foramen

5. From your textbook or anatomy atlas app locate the following structures on the “thoracic

vertebra”

a. Transverse costal facet

b. Pedicle

c. Transverse processes

d. Vertebral body

e. Spinous process

f. Inferior and Superior coastal facets

g. Superior articular facet

6. From your textbook or anatomy atlas app locate the following structures on the “lumbar

vertebra”

a. Spinous process

b. Vertebral body

c. Inferior articular process

d. Vertebral process

e. Superior articular surface

7. From your textbook or anatomy atlas app find out which structures articulate at the “inferior

coastal facet”, “superior coastal facet” & the “Superior articular facet” of a typical

thoracic vertebra.

8. ____________ is commonly referred to as the tail bone

9. From your textbook or anatomy atlas app locate the following structures on the “sacrum”

a. Sacral tuberosity

b. Lateral sacral crest

c. Median sacral crest

d. Articular process

e. Sacral foramina

10. Explain the following abnormal curvatures of the spine

a. Kyphosis _________________________________

b. Lordosis _________________________________

c. Scoliosis __________________________________

11. The thoracic cage is made of 12 pairs of ribs. Pairs 1-7 are true ribs, pairs 8-12 are false

ribs.

a. In your words, describe anatomically the difference between true ribs and false ribs

________________________________________________________

b. Rib pair 11-12 are special false ribs called floating ribs. Explain how these ribs are

different from other false ribs.

____________________________________________________________________

12. From your textbook or anatomy atlas app locate the following structures on a “typical rib

bone”

a. Articular facets

b. Head

c. Neck

d. Tubercle

e. Body

f. Coastal groove

13. From your textbook or anatomy atlas app locate the following structures on the “sternum”

a. Manubrium

b. Body

c. Xyphoid Process

1. a:
2. b:
3. c:
4. undefined:
5. 8:
6. Kyphosis:
7. b Lordosis:
8. Scoliosis:
9. In your words describe anatomically the difference between true ribs and false ribs:
10. different from other false ribs: