Meteorology 2

AVS 3201 January 2020 Name: ____________________________ Wind Components and Wind Shear Homework

1. Convert the winds reported in the following METARs to a U and V component. Use the sustained winds, not the gusts when doing your calculations! The graphics are included to help you visualize the winds, you don’t need to use that information. Use the appropriate units! The u and v component formulas are on the back page.

a. KVRB 231953Z 09010KT 10SM BKN023 BKN028 29/24 A2996 RMK AO2 SLP145 T02940239

U = V =

b. KSPW 171453Z AUTO 13017KT 1/4SM +SN VV010 M10/M13 A3034 RMK AO2 PK WND 15026/1439 SLP304 P0001 60001 T11001128 58026 U = V =

c. CYHZ 171500Z 34029G37KT 3/4SM R14/4500VP6000FT/D -SN BLSN VV012 M10/M12 A2984 RMK SN8 PRESRR SLP117 U = V =

d. ULLI 230930Z 23007MPS 9999 SCT033 21/09 Q1025 R88/090060 NOSIG U = V =

e. LGLM 170520Z 04021G31KT 9999 FEW012 BKN025 08/01 Q1025 U = V =

2. Using the wind observation below for KFAR, calculate the crosswind and headwind/tailwind

components for the following 2 runways using trigonometry (see formulas next page). The airport diagram is on the next page – draw on the figure as needed! I highly recommending drawing the wind as a vector attached to each runway. Show your work below. Use the wind component chart on the back page to check your work. Use the sustained wind speed, not the gust, for this problem.

METAR: KFAR 171525Z 15026G39KT 2SM -SN OVC042 M08/M12 A3012 RMK AO2 PK WND 15043/1458

RUNWAY 6/24 Runway heading: 063 magnetic, 065 true 243 magnetic, 245 true

RUNWAY 12/30 Runway heading: 125 magnetic, 127 true 305 magnetic, 307 true

Think of B as the runway direction, think of A as the wind vector and |A| as the wind speed.

|A| sinq

Headwind/Tailwind

Crosswind

3. Wind shear! You will be using a portion of the radiosonde data from Cape Kennedy to both plot the wind shear vector and calculate the wind shear vector between the 1000 mb (221 m) level and the 500 mb level (5900 m). DRCT is the wind direction. SKNT is the wind speed in knots.

a. Draw the wind vectors for the 1000 mb wind (lower level) and the 500 mb wind (upper level) on the Hodograph Plot below. Then, use the graphical method to draw the wind shear vector. Label all three vectors on the plot.

74794 XMR Cape Kennedy Observations at 12Z 17 Jan 2020

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PRES HGHT TEMP DWPT RELH MIXR DRCT SKNT THTA THTE THTV

hPa m C C % g/kg deg knot K K K

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1025.0 3 22.8 14.8 61 10.43 60 11 293.9 323.9 295.7

1000.0 221 20.8 11.8 56 8.76 45 30 293.9 319.4 295.5

850.0 1601 11.2 5.2 67 6.56 45 14 297.9 317.4 299.1

700.0 3210 4.6 -3.4 56 4.27 335 7 307.6 321.1 308.3

500.0 5900 -8.3 -34.3 10 0.42 270 33 322.9 324.5 322.9

b. Now, calculate the wind shear vector mathematically.

i. Determine the U and V components for the lower wind. ii. Determine the U and V components for the upper wind.

iii. Subtract appropriately to get the U and V components of the wind shear vector:

c. Now, using the U and V component of the wind shear vector, determine the Meteorological angle that the shear vector is coming from. You may first need to determine a math angle (using the U and V components) and then determine the Meteorological angle. Draw below to help explain your answer!

• u and v components u=−𝑊𝑆 ∗sin⁡(θmet) v=−𝑊𝑆 ∗cos⁡(θmet) where WS is the wind speed

WS = √(𝑢 2

+𝑣2)