International Business- US trade information data

U.S. imports for consumption, duties collected, and ratio of duties to value, 1891-2015 (Table 1)

U.S. imports for consumption under tariff preference programs, 1976-2015 (Tables 2A and 2B)

Office of Analysis and Research Services Office of Operations

U.S. International Trade Commission March 2016

Table 1 U.S. Imports for consumption, duties collected, and ratio of duties collected to value, 1891-2015 (thousand $) Imports for consumption (customs value) Ratio of values (%)

Year1 Duty free Percent of

total Dutiable Percent of

total Total Duties collected Duties collected/ dutiable imports

Duties collected/ total imports

McKinley Law (Effective Oct. 6, 1890)

1891 379,028 44.8 466,455 55.2 845,483 215,791 46.3 25.5 1892 448,771 55.8 355,527 44.2 804,298 173,098 48.7 21.5 1893 432,450 51.9 400,283 48.1 832,733 198,373 49.6 23.8 1894 372,462 59.1 257,646 40.9 630,108 128,882 50.0 20.5

Annual average 408,178 52.5 369,978 47.5 778,156 179,036 48.4 23.0 Wilson Law

(Effective Aug. 28, 1894) 1895 376,890 51.5 354,272 48.5 731,162 147,901 41.7 20.2 1896 368,898 48.6 390,797 51.4 759,695 156,105 39.9 20.5 1897 381,902 48.4 407,349 51.6 789,251 171,779 42.2 21.8

Annual average 375,897 49.5 384,139 50.5 760,036 158,595 41.3 20.9 Dingley Law

(Effective July 24, 1897) 1898 291,534 49.7 295,620 50.3 587,154 144,259 48.8 24.6 1899 299,669 43.7 385,773 56.3 685,442 200,873 52.1 29.3 1900 366,760 44.2 463,759 55.8 830,519 228,365 49.2 27.5 1901 339,093 42.0 468,670 58.0 807,763 232,641 49.6 28.8 1902 396,542 44.1 503,252 55.9 899,794 250,550 49.8 27.8 1903 437,291 43.4 570,669 56.6 1,007,960 279,780 49.0 27.8 1904 454,153 46.3 527,669 53.7 981,822 257,331 48.8 26.2 1905 517,073 47.6 570,045 52.4 1,087,118 257,898 45.2 23.7 1906 548,696 45.2 664,722 54.8 1,213,418 293,558 44.2 24.2 1907 641,953 45.4 773,449 54.6 1,415,402 329,122 42.6 23.3 1908 525,705 44.4 657,416 55.6 1,183,121 282,273 42.9 23.9 1909 599,376 46.8 682,266 53.2 1,281,642 294,377 43.1 23.0

Annual average 451,487 45.2 546,943 54.8 998,430 254,252 46.5 25.5

1

Imports for consumption (customs value) Ratio of values (%)

Year1 Duty free Percent of

total Dutiable Percent of

total Total Duties collected Duties collected/ dutiable imports

Duties collected/ total imports

Payne-Aldrich Law (Effective Aug. 6, 1909)

1910 761,353 49.2 785,756 50.8 1,547,109 326,562 41.6 21.1 1911 776,964 50.9 750,981 49.1 1,527,945 309,966 41.3 20.3 1912 881,513 53.7 759,210 46.3 1,640,723 304,899 40.2 18.6 1913 986,972 55.9 779,717 44.1 1,766,689 312,510 40.1 17.7

Annual average 851,701 52.6 768,916 47.4 1,620,617 313,484 40.8 19.3 Underwood Law

(Effective Oct. 4, 1913) 1914 1,152,393 60.4 754,008 39.6 1,906,401 283,719 37.6 14.9 1915 1,032,863 62.7 615,523 37.3 1,648,386 205,747 33.4 12.5 1916 1,495,881 68.6 683,153 31.4 2,179,034 209,726 30.7 9.6 1917 1,852,531 69.5 814,689 30.5 2,667,220 221,659 27.2 8.3 1918 (Jan. – June) 2,117,555 73.9 747,339 26.1 2,864,894 180,590 24.2 6.3 1918 (July – Dec.) 1,149,882 79.1 303,079 20.9 1,452,961 73,854 24.4 5.1 1919 2,711,462 70.8 1,116,221 29.2 3,827,683 237,457 21.3 6.2 1920 3,115,958 61.1 1,985,865 38.9 5,101,823 325,646 16.4 6.4 1921 1,564,278 61.2 992,591 38.8 2,556,869 292,397 29.5 11.4 1922 1,888,240 61.4 1,185,533 38.6 3,073,773 451,356 38.1 14.7

Annual average 1,903,268 66.3 968,211 33.7 2,871,478 261,279 27.0 9.1 Fordney-McCumber Law

(Effective Sept. 22, 1922) 1923 2,165,148 58.0 1,566,621 42.0 3,731,769 566,664 36.2 15.2 1924 2,118,168 59.2 1,456,943 40.8 3,575,111 532,286 36.5 14.9 1925 2,708,828 64.9 1,467,390 35.1 4,176,218 551,814 37.6 13.2 1926 2,908,107 66.0 1,499,969 34.0 4,408,076 590,045 39.3 13.4 1927 2,680,059 64.4 1,483,031 35.6 4,163,090 574,839 38.8 13.8 1928 2,678,633 65.7 1,399,304 34.3 4,077,937 542,270 38.8 13.3 1929 2,880,128 66.4 1,458,444 33.6 4,338,572 584,837 40.1 13.5 1930 (Jan. – June 17) 1,102,107 64.6 603,891 35.4 1,705,998 269,357 44.6 15.8

Annual average 2,565,490 63.8 1,458,079 36.2 4,023,569 561,615 38.5 14.0

2

Imports for consumption (customs value) Ratio of values (%)

Year1 Duty free Percent of

total Dutiable Percent of

total Total Duties collected Duties collected/ dutiable imports

Duties collected/ total imports

Tariff Act of 1930 1930 (June 18 – Dec. 31) 979,016 69.5 429,063 30.5 1,408,079 192,528 44.9 13.7 1931 1,391,693 66.6 696,762 33.4 2,088,455 370,771 53.2 17.8 1932 885,536 66.8 439,557 33.2 1,325,093 259,600 59.1 19.6 1933 903,547 63.1 529,466 36.9 1,433,013 283,681 53.6 19.8 1934 991,161 60.6 644,842 39.4 1,636,003 301,168 46.7 18.4 1935 1,205,987 59.1 832,918 40.9 2,038,905 357,241 42.9 17.5 1936 1,384,937 57.1 1,039,040 42.9 2,423,977 408,127 39.3 16.8 1937 1,765,248 58.6 1,244,604 41.4 3,009,852 470,509 37.8 15.6 1938 1,182,696 60.7 766,928 39.3 1,949,624 301,375 39.3 15.5 1939 1,397,280 61.4 878,819 38.6 2,276,099 328,034 37.3 14.4

1940 1,648,965 64.9 891,691 35.1 2,540,656 317,711 35.6 12.5 1941 2,030,919 63.0 1,191,035 37.0 3,221,954 437,751 36.8 13.6 1942 1,767,592 63.8 1,001,693 36.2 2,769,285 320,117 32.0 11.6 1943 2,192,702 64.7 1,197,249 35.3 3,389,951 392,294 32.8 11.6 1944 2,708,391 69.8 1,169,504 30.2 3,877,895 382,109 32.7 9.9 1945 2,749,345 67.1 1,348,756 32.9 4,098,101 391,476 29.0 9.6 1946 2,934,955 60.8 1,889,946 39.2 4,824,901 498,001 26.4 10.3 1947 3,454,647 61.0 2,211,674 39.0 5,666,321 445,355 20.1 7.9 1948 4,174,523 58.9 2,917,509 41.1 7,092,032 417,401 14.3 5.9 1949 3,883,186 58.9 2,708,454 41.1 6,591,640 374,291 13.8 5.7 1950 4,766,778 54.5 3,976,304 45.5 8,743,082 529,621 13.3 6.1 1951 5,993,442 55.4 4,823,900 44.6 10,817,342 603,468 12.5 5.6 1952 6,256,950 58.2 4,490,546 41.8 10,747,496 574,733 12.8 5.3 1953 5,919,501 54.9 4,859,403 45.1 10,778,904 597,760 12.3 5.5 1954 5,667,904 55.4 4,571,613 44.6 10,239,517 556,939 12.2 5.4 1955 6,036,634 53.2 5,300,153 46.8 11,336,787 669,579 12.6 5.9 1956 6,234,514 49.8 6,281,233 50.2 12,515,747 739,228 11.8 5.9 1957 6,036,400 46.6 6,914,206 53.4 12,950,606 776,884 11.2 6.0 1958 5,341,561 41.9 7,397,868 58.1 12,739,429 832,155 11.2 6.5 1959 5,821,729 38.8 9,165,346 61.2 14,987,075 1,066,536 11.6 7.1 1960 6,142,076 40.9 8,871,834 59.1 15,013,910 1,086,115 12.2 7.2 1961 5,922,298 40.4 8,734,599 59.6 14,656,897 1,052,702 12.1 7.2

3

Imports for consumption (customs value) Ratio of values (%)

Year1 Duty free Percent of

total Dutiable Percent of

total Total Duties collected Duties collected/ dutiable imports

Duties collected/ total imports

1962 6,224,850 38.3 10,026,213 61.7 16,251,063 1,234,921 12.3 7.6 1963 6,265,096 36.8 10,739,791 63.2 17,004,887 1,262,156 11.8 7.4 1964 7,045,056 37.8 11,568,138 62.2 18,613,194 1,371,265 11.9 7.4 1965 7,434,414 34.9 13,847,409 65.1 21,281,823 1,622,920 11.7 7.6 1966 9,343,899 36.8 16,022,695 63.2 25,366,594 1,920,755 12.0 7.6 1967 10,203,477 38.2 16,528,817 61.8 26,732,294 2,016,421 12.2 7.5 1968 12,266,825 37.2 20,724,900 62.8 32,991,725 2,341,058 11.3 7.1 1969 13,061,617 36.4 22,808,742 63.6 35,870,359 2,551,174 11.2 7.1

1970 13,877,262 34.9 25,890,412 65.1 39,767,674 2,584,092 10.0 6.5 1971 15,309,317 33.6 30,236,575 66.4 45,545,892 2,767,980 9.2 6.1 1972 18,911,798 34.2 36,370,512 65.8 55,282,310 3,123,673 8.6 5.7 1973 27,906,195 40.6 40,749,760 59.4 68,655,955 3,458,437 8.5 5.0 1974 52,025,615 52.0 48,100,185 48.0 100,125,800 3,771,980 7.8 3.8 1975 31,029,574 32.1 65,485,529 67.9 96,515,103 3,779,634 5.8 3.9 1976 37,190,288 30.7 83,930,581 69.3 121,120,869 4,674,707 5.6 3.9 1977 43,632,921 29.7 103,442,419 70.3 147,075,340 5,484,794 5.3 3.7 1978 51,826,807 30.0 121,125,387 70.0 172,952,194 6,880,587 5.7 4.0 1979 103,277,917 50.2 102,644,746 49.8 205,922,663 7,194,908 7.0 3.5 1980 107,092,301 44.6 132,851,167 55.4 239,943,468 7,445,413 5.6 3.1 1981 76,338,336 29.5 182,673,641 70.5 259,011,977 8,905,720 4.9 3.4 1982 64,745,246 26.7 177,594,742 73.3 242,339,988 8,684,110 4.9 3.6 1983 83,397,072 32.5 173,282,452 67.5 256,679,524 9,430,004 5.4 3.7 1984 102,977,469 31.9 220,012,050 68.1 322,989,519 12,042,152 5.5 3.7 1985 106,035,285 30.9 237,517,865 69.1 343,553,150 13,066,970 5.5 3.8 1986 121,741,722 33.0 246,914,872 67.0 368,656,594 13,312,112 5.4 3.6 1987 132,151,774 32.9 269,914,228 67.1 402,066,002 13,911,669 5.2 3.5 1988 151,693,218 34.7 285,446,967 65.3 437,140,185 15,054,304 5.3 3.4 1989 156,364,748 33.4 311,647,273 66.6 468,012,021 16,096,410 5.2 3.4 1990 161,107,871 32.8 330,214,621 67.2 491,322,492 16,360,456 5.0 3.3 1991 167,601,872 34.6 316,135,520 65.4 483,737,392 16,218,683 5.1 3.4 1992 186,753,241 35.6 338,374,001 64.4 525,127,242 17,184,631 5.1 3.3 1993 222,766,462 38.8 352,096,466 61.2 574,862,928 18,333,718 5.2 3.2

4

Imports for consumption (customs value) Ratio of values (%)

Year1 Duty free Percent of

total Dutiable Percent of

total Total Duties collected Duties collected/ dutiable imports

Duties collected/ total imports

1994 281,553,175 42.8 376,331,484 57.2 657,884,659 19,846,448 5.3 3.0 1995 364,608,093 49.3 375,052,326 50.7 739,660,419 18,596,732 5.0 2.5 1996 397,152,503 50.2 393,317,210 49.8 790,469,714 18,005,314 4.6 2.3 1997 447,448,501 51.9 414,977,845 48.1 862,426,346 18,428,489 4.4 2.1 1998 513,803,920 56.6 393,843,085 43.4 907,647,006 18,270,268 4.6 2.0 1999 645,192,649 63.4 372,242,748 36.6 1,017,435,397 18,464,518 5.0 1.8

2000 790,582,073 65.6 414,756,946 34.4 1,205,339,019 19,753,669 4.8 1.6 2001 753,785,395 66.6 378,849,945 33.4 1,132,635,340 18,618,806 4.9 1.6 2002 762,695,831 66.0 392,115,036 34.0 1,154,810,867 19,083,919 4.9 1.7 2003 846,875,960 67.7 403,220,826 32.3 1,250,096,785 19,860,863 4.9 1.6 2004 1,016,330,060 69.6 443,830,400 30.4 1,460,160,460 21,288,649 4.8 1.5 2005 1,155,041,663 69.5 507,338,006 30.5 1,662,379,669 23,223,674 4.6 1.4 2006 1,285,819,405 69.7 559,233,777 30.3 1,845,053,181 25,159,012 4.5 1.4 2007 1,347,994,687 69.4 594,868,251 30.6 1,942,862,938 26,133,995 4.4 1.3 2008 1,444,218,718 69.1 646,264,036 30.9 2,090,482,755 25,788,389 4.0 1.2 2009 1,092,093,746 70.5 457,069,739 29.5 1,549,163,485 21,175,223 4.6 1.4 2010 1,334,850,868 70.2 565,735,800 29.8 1,900,586,668 25,922,789 4.6 1.4 2011 1,509,344,450 69.0 678,649,585 31.0 2,187,994,034 28,637,114 4.2 1.3 2012 1,543,090,573 68.5 708,682,134 31.5 2,251,772,707 29,883,565 4.2 1.3 2013 1,538,691,084 68.6 702,796,028 31.4 2,241,487,113 31,133,870 4.4 1.4 2014 1,597,369,087 69.0 718,844,887 31.0 2,316,213,974 32,469,317 4.5 1.4 2015 1,529,476,397 68.9 689,726,812 31.1 2,219,203,209 33,857,851 4.9 1.5

Source: Compiled from official statistics of the U.S. Department of Commerce, including all current official revisions for 2010-2014 as of June 2015. Note: The ratio of duties collected to the value of imports (sometimes referred to as the "average ad valorem equivalent") should be used with great reservation as a measure of the "height" of a country's tariff or of the tariff's restrictiveness of imports. Such a ratio for the schedule of duties as a whole (or even a ratio for most individual tariff categories) is heavily weighted by imports that enter either free of duty or at low unrestrictive rates; it is weighted less by imports that enter at high restrictive rates and not at all by imports that are precluded from entry. Moreover, an upward or downward trend in the "ratio" of duties collected may reflect alterations in the rates of duty applied, changes in the composition of imports from year to year, or changes in the prices of imported commodities. Also, presented dutiable values and calculated duties prior to 1993 are overstated because they were not adjusted to account for the nondutiable portion of imports under HTSUS provisions 9802.00.60 and 9802.00.80. Commerce implemented this adjustment beginning with data reported for June 1992.

1Fiscal years for 1891-1918. Calendar years for 1919 through latest year.

5

Table 2A U.S. imports for consumption under specified tariff preference programs, 1976-2015 (1,000 $) Year GSP/GSP-LDBC1 CBERA/CBTPA2 Israel FTA3 NAFTA4 ATPA/ATPDEA5 AGOA6 Jordan FTA7 Chile FTA8 Singapore FTA9 1976 3,167,933

1977 3,886,446 1978 5,204,237 1979 6,316,033

1980 7,350,755 1981 8,428,525 1982 8,473,380 1983 10,784,023 1984 13,020,891 577,704

1985 13,362,167 497,645 131,149 1986 14,883,543 689,776 734,160 1987 16,479,448 906,144 762,533 1988 18,407,854 830,958 717,181 1989 10,026,898 915,281 759,416 18,311,526

1990 11,131,360 1,022,742 852,653 26,103,876

1991 13,681,004 1,120,697 947,403 28,814,831 1992 16,769,195 1,528,690 1,205,756 31,827,541 97,117

1993 19,593,867 1,903,613 1,463,475 38,141,767 401,421 1994 18,385,867 2,050,158 1,924,036 78,864,517 683,817 1995 18,464,932 2,261,407 2,453,933 112,556,277 938,789 1996 16,922,111 2,791,055 2,687,487 139,321,383 1,270,054

1997 15,575,760 3,207,842 2,940,062 151,786,854 1,352,855 1998 16,336,046 3,224,564 3,266,414 180,000,303 1,645,196 1999 13,681,020 2,637,200 2,781,315 187,032,303 1,750,279 2000 16,438,872 2,792,553 2,244,622 207,046,716 1,981,632 2001 15,726,239 8,299,157 2,089,294 194,341,886 1,674,607 7,579,158 2002 17,662,756 9,996,406 2,204,597 200,554,497 1,000,816 8,361,422 12,601 2003 21,277,752 10,427,270 2,113,585 207,166,512 5,836,032 13,189,410 27,910 2004 22,708,764 10,809,873 2,390,626 227,701,396 8,359,258 21,986,472 20,695 2,099,555 558,573 2005 26,747,100 12,194,590 2,823,756 253,457,572 11,463,949 32,743,077 246,462 3,678,725 799,840 2006 32,598,459 9,915,147 2,770,581 286,958,736 13,484,448 36,132,990 309,058 5,508,429 867,837 2007 30,849,774 5,495,177 2,754,960 293,057,045 12,306,843 42,269,649 312,632 5,001,125 934,596 2008 31,662,754 4,724,100 3,208,887 306,592,912 17,242,675 56,373,651 279,761 4,454,295 1,018,330

6

Year GSP/GSP-LDBC1 CBERA/CBTPA2 Israel FTA3 NAFTA4 ATPA/ATPDEA5 AGOA6 Jordan FTA7 Chile FTA8 Singapore FTA9 2009 20,258,971 2,357,368 2,492,832 219,663,908 9,714,243 28,050,318 239,851 3,453,393 850,293 2010 22,556,591 2,892,869 2,726,474 286,195,504 14,411,441 38,679,804 605,962 4,430,067 1,118,722 2011 18,550,270 3,612,750 2,659,909 326,162,666 4,380,981 52,077,763 870,353 5,708,157 1,141,556 2012 20,042,803 3,137,266 2,953,686 343,669,697 11,183,134 32,538,373 1,012,491 5,666,240 1,066,016 2013 18,504,426 2,368,939 2,976,484 349,618,127 2,575,274 24,853,927 1,076,632 6,164,745 1,746,092 2014 18,704,004 1,972,924 2,950,615 355,757,449 9 11,873,995 1,216,532 4,938,434 1,563,080 2015 17,410,173 1,535,943 2,898,127 315,097,434 0 7,979,510 1,348,544 4,916,885 1,648,097 Source: Compiled from official statistics of the U.S. Department of Commerce, including all current official revisions for 2010-2014 as of June 2015. Note: All data are based on customs value.

1 The Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) became effective January 1, 1976 (Executive Order 11888, November 24, 1975). This program was expanded in May 31, 1997 to include additional products for certain least-developed beneficiary countries (GSP-LDBC). 2 The Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act (CBERA) became effective January 1, 1984 (Presidential Proclamation 5133, November 30, 1983). This program was expanded on Oct. 1, 2000 with the implementation of the U.S.-Caribbean Basin Trade Partnership Act (CBTPA). 3 The U. S. - Israel Free Trade Area Agreement (IFTA) became effective September 1, 1985 (Presidential Proclamation 5365, August 30, 1985). 4 Data for 1989 - 93 were reported under the U. S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement (CFTA), which became effective January 1, 1989 (Presidential Proclamation 5923, December 14, 1988). The CFTA was suspended when the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) went into effect on January 1, 1994 (Presidential Proclamation 6641, December 15, 1993). 5 The Andean Trade Preference Act (ATPA) became effective July 22, 1992 (Presidential Proclamation 6455, July 2, 1992). The program was expanded on October 31, 2002 with the implementation of the Andean Trade Promotion and Drug Eradication Act (ATPDEA). The program expired on July 31, 2013. 6 The Africa Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) became effective October 1, 2000. 7 The U.S.-Jordon Free Trade Agreement became effective December 17, 2001 (Presidential Proclamation 7512, December 7, 2001). 8 The U.S.-Chile Free Trade Agreement became effective January 1, 2004 (Presidential Proclamation 7746, December 30, 2003). 9 The U.S.-Singapore Free Trade Agreement became effective January 1, 2004 (Presidential Proclamation 7747, December 30, 2003).

7

Table 2B U.S. imports for consumption under specified tariff preference programs, 2005-2015 (1,000 $) Year Australia FTA1 Morocco FTA2 Bahrain FTA3 DR-CAFTA4 Oman FTA5 Peru FTA6 Korea FTA7 Colombia FTA8 Panama FTA9 2005 2,670,313 2006 3,247,838 115,915 46,688 3,975,537 2007 3,154,736 176,193 199,255 8,288,734 2008 4,356,200 161,241 287,849 9,410,122 2009 2,757,565 114,495 257,761 9,008,582 456,326 980,516 2010 2,752,237 163,184 274,369 10,474,208 350,496 2,225,963 2011 3,035,011 201,987 325,847 11,913,745 1,524,981 3,082,417 2012 3,420,023 165,192 424,649 12,597,927 654,530 2,637,117 11,663,952 7,864,857 3,916 2013 3,521,053 186,272 417,894 12,040,379 582,429 2,875,134 16,416,308 13,175,283 30,262 2014 4,698,476 241,992 540,294 12,853,254 600,220 3,413,788 17,070,453 8,613,683 31,974 2015 5,112,137 255,927 526,144 13,511,099 596,058 2,729,499 17,825,190 5,368,381 40,761 Source: Compiled from official statistics of the U.S. Department of Commerce, including all current official revisions for 2010-2014 as of June 2015. Note: All data are based on customs value.

1 The U.S.-Australia Free Trade Agreement became effective January 1, 2005 (Presidential Proclamation 7857, December 20, 2004). 2 The U.S.-Morocco Free Trade Agreement became effective January 1, 2006 (Presidential Proclamation 7971, December 22, 2005). 3 The U.S.-Bahrain Free Trade Agreement became effective August 1, 2006 (Presidential Proclamation 8039, July 27, 2006). 4 The U.S.-Dominican Republic-Central America Free Trade Agreement (DR-CAFTA) was signed on August 5, 2004, and became effective in 2006 for El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua; March 1, 2007 for the Dominican Republic; and January 1, 2009 for Costa Rica. 5 The U.S.-Oman Free Trade Agreement became effective January 1, 2009 (Presidential Proclamation 8332, December 29, 2008). 6 The U.S.-Peru Free Trade Agreement became effective February 1, 2009 (Presidential Proclamation 8341, January 16, 2009). 7 The U.S.-Korea Free Trade Agreement became effective March 15, 2012 (Presidential Proclamation 8783, March 6, 2012). 8 The U.S.-Colombia Free Trade Agreement became effective May 15, 2012 (Presidential Proclamation 8818, May 14, 2012). 9 The U.S.-Panama Free Trade Agreement became effective October 31, 2012 (Presidential Proclamation 8894, October 29, 2012).

8