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| Term Project |
| NAME REDACTED |
In this project I used data from the 2020 Major League baseball season to answer three questions: 1. Does having a higher exit velocity result to a higher batting average? 2. Does having a higher exit velocity and optimal launch angle result in more home runs? 3. Does a combination of a high exit velocity and optimal average launch angle result in more team wins? These three questions will help me because as a memeber of the Little Rock Trojans baseball team, using this type of research and data can help us win more games.
Click MLB logo to follow link to statistical data
Click launch angle visial to follow link to resource's website
Question 1
/xl/drawings/drawing1.xml#'EV%20Evaluation'!A1Question 2
/xl/drawings/drawing1.xml#'EV+LA%20Evaluation'!A1Question 3
/xl/drawings/drawing1.xml#'Wins%20Evaluation'!A1EV Evaluation
| Exit Velocity effect on Batting Average 2020 | |||
| Teams | Average Exit Velocity (mph) | Batting Average | Outcome |
| Mets | 88.4 | 0.272 | Positive |
| Braves | 89.5 | 0.268 | Positive |
| Red Sox | 88.5 | 0.265 | Positive |
| Nationals | 87.7 | 0.264 | Positive |
| Giants | 88.9 | 0.263 | Positive |
| White Sox | 88.7 | 0.261 | Positive |
| Orioles | 87.0 | 0.258 | Neutral |
| Padres | 89.8 | 0.257 | Neutral |
| Phillies | 88.2 | 0.257 | Neutral |
| Rockies | 87.0 | 0.257 | Neutral |
| Dodgers | 90.0 | 0.256 | Neutral |
| Blue Jays | 89.5 | 0.255 | Neutral |
| Angels | 89.1 | 0.248 | Neutral |
| Yankees | 89.2 | 0.247 | Neutral |
| Tigers | 88.5 | 0.245 | Neutral |
| Marlins | 87.4 | 0.244 | Neutral |
| Royals | 87.1 | 0.244 | Neutral |
| Twins | 89.1 | 0.242 | Neutral |
| D-Backs | 88.0 | 0.241 | Neutral |
| Astros | 88.2 | 0.240 | Neutral |
| Rays | 88.9 | 0.238 | Negative |
| Cardinals | 87.3 | 0.234 | Negative |
| Indians | 88.2 | 0.228 | Negative |
| Mariners | 87.8 | 0.226 | Negative |
| Athletics | 89.0 | 0.225 | Negative |
| Brewers | 88.2 | 0.223 | Negative |
| Cubs | 88.9 | 0.220 | Negative |
| Pirates | 88.1 | 0.220 | Negative |
| Rangers | 88.6 | 0.217 | Negative |
| Reds | 88.2 | 0.212 | Negative |
Exit Velocity is a measurement of how hard, in miles per hour, a ball is batted. This average is comprised from gathering the speed of every batted ball for each team individually.
EV effect on BA
88.4 89.5 88.5 87.7 88.9 88.7 87 89.8 88.2 87 90 89.5 89.1 89.2 88.5 87.4 87.1 89.1 88 88.2 88.9 87.3 88.2 87.8 89 88.2 88.9 88.1 88.6 88.2 0.27200000000000002 0.26800000000000002 0.26500000000000001 0.26400000000000001 0.26300000000000001 0.26100000000000001 0.25800000000000001 0.25700000000000001 0.25700000000000001 0.25700000000000001 0.25600000000000001 0.255 0.248 0.247 0.245 0.24399999999999999 0.24399999999999999 0.24199999999999999 0.24099999999999999 0.24 0.23799999999999999 0.23400000000000001 0.22800000000000001 0.22600000000000001 0.22500000000000001 0.223 0.22 0.22 0.217 0.21199999999999999
Exit Velocity (mph)
Batting Average
In this case, we are considering anything greater than or equal to 89 mph as a high exit velocity, anything between 88 and 89 as a medium team exit velocity and anything below 88 as a low team exit velocity.
Batting average is found by dividing the number of hits by the number of official at bats.
In this case, we will consider anything greater than or equal to 0.260 as a high team average, anything between 0.240 and 0.260 as a medium team average, and anything less than 0.240 as a low team average.
Although some teams saw a positive outcome when it comes to a higher exit velocity resulting in a higher batting average, most teams saw a neutral or negative effect. From this data, we can conclude that exit velocity alone does not result in a higher batting average.
EV+LA Evaluation
| Exit Velo + Launch Angle Effect on Home Runs 2020 | ||||
| Teams | Average Exit Velocity (mph) | Average Launce Angle (degrees) | Home Runs | Outcome |
| Dodgers | 90.0 | 15.0 | 118 | Positive |
| Blue Jays | 89.5 | 14.7 | 103 | Positive |
| White Sox | 88.7 | 11.2 | 96 | Positive |
| Padres | 89.8 | 11.7 | 95 | Positive |
| Yankees | 89.2 | 11.8 | 94 | Positive |
| Angels | 89.1 | 15.5 | 91 | Positive |
| Reds | 88.2 | 14.3 | 90 | Positive |
| Braves | 89.5 | 11.9 | 88 | Positive |
| Mets | 88.4 | 9.8 | 86 | Neutral |
| Twins | 89.1 | 13.7 | 85 | Neutral |
| Indians | 88.2 | 14.1 | 82 | Neutral |
| Rays | 88.9 | 14.7 | 81 | Neutral |
| Red Sox | 88.5 | 11.0 | 81 | Neutral |
| Giants | 88.9 | 11.2 | 80 | Neutral |
| Orioles | 87.0 | 13.9 | 77 | Neutral |
| Phillies | 88.2 | 12.0 | 75 | Neutral |
| Cubs | 88.9 | 11.4 | 74 | Neutral |
| Athletics | 89.0 | 17.1 | 71 | Neutral |
| Astros | 88.2 | 14.4 | 69 | Neutral |
| Royals | 87.1 | 11.6 | 68 | Negative |
| Nationals | 87.7 | 11.2 | 66 | Negative |
| Rockies | 87.0 | 13.3 | 63 | Negative |
| Tigers | 88.5 | 12.6 | 62 | Negative |
| Rangers | 88.6 | 12.5 | 62 | Negative |
| Mariners | 87.8 | 12.7 | 60 | Negative |
| Marlins | 87.4 | 10.2 | 60 | Negative |
| Brewers | 88.2 | 12.6 | 59 | Negative |
| Pirates | 88.1 | 10.2 | 59 | Negative |
| D-Backs | 88.0 | 12.5 | 58 | Negative |
| Cardinals | 87.3 | 12.8 | 51 | Negative |
Launch angle is the vertical angle at which the ball leaves the player's bat after contact. This average is comprised by gathering every launch angle reported for batted balls. The optimum launch angle for a home run is between 25 and 30 degrees, and an exit velocity of around 90 mph.
EV + LA effects on HRs
Average Exit Velocity (mph) Dodgers Blue Jays White Sox Padres Yankees Angels Reds Braves Mets Twins Indians Rays Red Sox Giants Orioles Phillies Cubs Athletics Astros Royals Nationals Rockies Tigers Rangers Mariners Marlins Brewers Pirates D-Backs Cardinals 90 89.5 88.7 89.8 89.2 89.1 88.2 89.5 88.4 89.1 88.2 88.9 88.5 88.9 87 88.2 88.9 89 88.2 87.1 87.7 87 88.5 88.6 87.8 87.4 88.2 88.1 88 87.3 Average Launce Angle (degrees) Dodgers Blue Jays White Sox Padres Yankees Angels Reds Braves Mets Twins Indians Rays Red Sox Giants Orioles Phillies Cubs Athletics Astros Royals Nationals Rockies Tigers Rangers Mariners Marlins Brewers Pirates D-Backs Cardinals 15 14.7 11.2 11.7 11.8 15.5 14.3 11.9 9.8000000000000007 13.7 14.1 14.7 11 11.2 13.9 12 11.4 17.100000000000001 14.4 11.6 11.2 13.3 12.6 12.5 12.7 10.199999999999999 12.6 10.199999999999999 12.5 12.8 Home Runs Dodgers Blue Jays White Sox Padres Yankees Angels Reds Braves Mets Twins Indians Rays Red Sox Giants Orioles Phillies Cubs Athletics Astros Royals Nationals Rockies Tigers Rangers Mariners Marlins Brewers Pirates D-Backs Cardinals 118 103 96 95 94 91 90 88 86 85 82 81 81 80 77 75 74 71 69 68 66 63 62 62 60 60 59 59 58 51
From this data we can see that most teams with a combination of a high exit velocity and a launch angle closest to the optimum angle had more team home runs. We can also see that those teams that had low values for both measurements saw fewer home runs hit. We can conclude that a higher exit velocity combined with a higher launch angle, staying in the 25-30 degree range, results in more home runs hit.
Wins Evaluation
| Exit Velo + Launch Angle Effect on Home Runs 2020 | ||||
| Teams | Average Exit Velocity (mph) | Average Launce Angle (degrees) | Wins | Outcome |
| Dodgers | 90.0 | 15.0 | 43 | Positive |
| Rays | 88.9 | 14.7 | 40 | Positive |
| Padres | 89.8 | 11.7 | 37 | Positive |
| Athletics | 89.0 | 17.1 | 36 | Positive |
| Twins | 89.1 | 13.7 | 36 | Positive |
| Indians | 88.2 | 14.1 | 35 | Positive |
| Braves | 89.5 | 11.9 | 35 | Positive |
| White Sox | 88.7 | 11.2 | 35 | Positive |
| Cubs | 88.9 | 11.4 | 34 | Positive |
| Yankees | 89.2 | 11.8 | 33 | Positive |
| Blue Jays | 89.5 | 14.7 | 32 | Neutral |
| Reds | 88.2 | 14.3 | 31 | Neutral |
| Marlins | 87.4 | 10.2 | 31 | Neutral |
| Cardinals | 87.3 | 12.8 | 30 | Neutral |
| Astros | 88.2 | 14.4 | 29 | Neutral |
| Brewers | 88.2 | 12.6 | 29 | Neutral |
| Giants | 88.9 | 11.2 | 29 | Neutral |
| Phillies | 88.2 | 12.0 | 28 | Neutral |
| Mariners | 87.8 | 12.7 | 27 | Neutral |
| Angels | 89.1 | 15.5 | 26 | Negative |
| Rockies | 87.0 | 13.3 | 26 | Negative |
| Royals | 87.1 | 11.6 | 26 | Negative |
| Nationals | 87.7 | 11.2 | 26 | Negative |
| Mets | 88.4 | 9.8 | 26 | Negative |
| Orioles | 87.0 | 13.9 | 25 | Negative |
| D-Backs | 88.0 | 12.5 | 25 | Negative |
| Red Sox | 88.5 | 11.0 | 24 | Negative |
| Tigers | 88.5 | 12.6 | 23 | Negative |
| Rangers | 88.6 | 12.5 | 22 | Negative |
| Pirates | 88.1 | 10.2 | 19 | Negative |
EV + LA effects on Wins
Average Exit Velocity (mph) Dodgers Rays Padres Athletics Twins Indians Braves White Sox Cubs Yankees Blue Jays Reds Marlins Cardinals Astros Brewers Giants Phillies Mariners Angels Rockies Royals Nationals Mets Orioles D-Backs Red Sox Tigers Rangers Pirates 90 88.9 89.8 89 89.1 88.2 89.5 88.7 88.9 89.2 89.5 88.2 87.4 87.3 88.2 88.2 88.9 88.2 87.8 89.1 87 87.1 87.7 88.4 87 88 88.5 88.5 88.6 88.1 Average Launce Angle (degrees) Dodgers Rays Padres Athletics Twins Indians Braves White Sox Cubs Yankees Blue Jays Reds Marlins Cardinals Astros Brewers Giants Phillies Mariners Angels Rockies Royals Nationals Mets Orioles D-Backs Red Sox Tigers Rangers Pirates 15 14.7 11.7 17.100000000000001 13.7 14.1 11.9 11.2 11.4 11.8 14.7 14.3 10.199999999999999 12.8 14.4 12.6 11.2 12 12.7 15.5 13.3 11.6 11.2 9.8000000000000007 13.9 12.5 11 12.6 12.5 10.199999999999999 Wins Dodgers Rays Padres Athletics Twins Indians Braves White Sox Cubs Yankees Blue Jays Reds Marlins Cardinals Astros Brewers Giants Phillies Mariners Angels Rockies Royals Nationals Mets Orioles D-Backs Red Sox Tigers Rangers Pirates 43 40 37 36 36 35 35 35 34 33 32 31 31 30 29 29 29 28 27 26 26 26 26 26 25 25 24 23 22 19
Wins
From this data we can see that teams that had a high combination of exit velocity and launch angle had more wins than those teams that had lower numbers of the measurement set. Although it seems that a high combination of the measurement set results in more wins, we have to take into accounts many different factors. First and foremost the shortened season. Major League Baseball only played about one third of the games they would usually play. Also, defense plays a large part in winning games. If you can stop teams from scoring than you're more likely to win. This is why teams like the Rays, Twins, and Indians who have solid pitching, can wins so many games.
Original Database
| Hitting Statistics | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Team | PA | AB | H | 2B | 3B | HR | BB | SO | BA | OBP | SLG | WOBA | WOBACON | Pitches | Batted Balls | Barrels | Barrel % | Hard Hit % | Exit Velocity | Launch Angle | XBA | XSLG | XWOBA | XWOBACON |
| Dodgers | 2309 | 2042 | 523 | 97 | 6 | 118 | 221 | 471 | 0.256 | 0.336 | 0.483 | 0.344 | 0.391 | 9011 | 1586 | 164 | 10.3 | 43.9 | 90.0 | 15.0 | 0.268 | 0.493 | 0.347 | 0.396 |
| Padres | 2225 | 1972 | 506 | 103 | 12 | 95 | 198 | 479 | 0.257 | 0.331 | 0.466 | 0.336 | 0.389 | 8724 | 1519 | 151 | 9.9 | 42.1 | 89.8 | 11.7 | 0.273 | 0.481 | 0.344 | 0.402 |
| Braves | 2331 | 2074 | 556 | 130 | 3 | 103 | 226 | 573 | 0.268 | 0.345 | 0.483 | 0.349 | 0.425 | 9236 | 1509 | 156 | 10.3 | 42.8 | 89.5 | 14.7 | 0.263 | 0.482 | 0.340 | 0.411 |
| Blue Jays | 2259 | 2023 | 516 | 104 | 4 | 88 | 199 | 508 | 0.255 | 0.323 | 0.441 | 0.324 | 0.381 | 8760 | 1537 | 133 | 8.7 | 41.9 | 89.5 | 11.9 | 0.256 | 0.439 | 0.319 | 0.374 |
| Yankees | 2205 | 1915 | 473 | 87 | 7 | 94 | 246 | 480 | 0.247 | 0.340 | 0.447 | 0.335 | 0.378 | 9021 | 1447 | 111 | 7.7 | 39.1 | 89.2 | 11.8 | 0.259 | 0.443 | 0.335 | 0.378 |
| Angels | 2300 | 2020 | 501 | 97 | 8 | 85 | 231 | 490 | 0.248 | 0.330 | 0.430 | 0.324 | 0.365 | 9114 | 1554 | 108 | 6.9 | 36.9 | 89.1 | 13.7 | 0.248 | 0.418 | 0.318 | 0.357 |
| Twins | 2159 | 1937 | 468 | 81 | 3 | 91 | 177 | 528 | 0.242 | 0.312 | 0.427 | 0.314 | 0.376 | 8664 | 1425 | 110 | 7.7 | 39.6 | 89.1 | 15.5 | 0.243 | 0.426 | 0.310 | 0.370 |
| Athletics | 2196 | 1908 | 430 | 91 | 11 | 71 | 233 | 524 | 0.225 | 0.320 | 0.396 | 0.309 | 0.350 | 8847 | 1400 | 107 | 7.6 | 37.1 | 89.0 | 17.1 | 0.235 | 0.410 | 0.313 | 0.357 |
| Giants | 2251 | 2019 | 532 | 107 | 14 | 81 | 187 | 499 | 0.263 | 0.332 | 0.451 | 0.331 | 0.389 | 8768 | 1537 | 128 | 8.3 | 39.4 | 88.9 | 14.7 | 0.253 | 0.440 | 0.318 | 0.370 |
| Rays | 2252 | 1975 | 470 | 105 | 12 | 80 | 234 | 608 | 0.238 | 0.325 | 0.425 | 0.320 | 0.390 | 9199 | 1381 | 117 | 8.5 | 38.9 | 88.9 | 11.2 | 0.228 | 0.400 | 0.305 | 0.366 |
| Cubs | 2205 | 1918 | 422 | 82 | 8 | 74 | 220 | 568 | 0.220 | 0.315 | 0.387 | 0.304 | 0.352 | 9086 | 1364 | 101 | 7.4 | 40.1 | 88.9 | 11.4 | 0.233 | 0.392 | 0.309 | 0.361 |
| White Sox | 2266 | 2047 | 534 | 94 | 6 | 96 | 178 | 571 | 0.261 | 0.325 | 0.453 | 0.329 | 0.406 | 9019 | 1490 | 142 | 9.5 | 40.1 | 88.7 | 11.2 | 0.246 | 0.439 | 0.315 | 0.384 |
| Rangers | 2144 | 1936 | 420 | 80 | 9 | 62 | 164 | 548 | 0.217 | 0.284 | 0.364 | 0.278 | 0.331 | 8428 | 1408 | 100 | 7.1 | 37.2 | 88.6 | 12.5 | 0.226 | 0.382 | 0.287 | 0.345 |
| Red Sox | 2296 | 2083 | 552 | 118 | 7 | 81 | 179 | 545 | 0.265 | 0.328 | 0.445 | 0.328 | 0.396 | 9081 | 1551 | 123 | 7.9 | 36.6 | 88.5 | 11.0 | 0.238 | 0.409 | 0.300 | 0.355 |
| Tigers | 2075 | 1893 | 463 | 78 | 12 | 62 | 146 | 567 | 0.245 | 0.303 | 0.397 | 0.299 | 0.376 | 8257 | 1341 | 97 | 7.2 | 39.4 | 88.5 | 12.6 | 0.242 | 0.398 | 0.294 | 0.370 |
| Mets | 2271 | 2023 | 551 | 106 | 7 | 86 | 189 | 498 | 0.272 | 0.346 | 0.459 | 0.342 | 0.398 | 8801 | 1539 | 116 | 7.5 | 37.0 | 88.4 | 9.8 | 0.256 | 0.427 | 0.321 | 0.368 |
| Phillies | 2207 | 1948 | 500 | 90 | 10 | 82 | 213 | 480 | 0.257 | 0.337 | 0.439 | 0.331 | 0.379 | 8683 | 1486 | 131 | 8.8 | 37.7 | 88.2 | 14.1 | 0.258 | 0.447 | 0.330 | 0.378 |
| Astros | 2224 | 1992 | 478 | 103 | 12 | 69 | 187 | 440 | 0.240 | 0.311 | 0.408 | 0.307 | 0.341 | 8548 | 1571 | 90 | 5.7 | 35.2 | 88.2 | 14.4 | 0.249 | 0.402 | 0.306 | 0.340 |
| Indians | 2243 | 1959 | 446 | 96 | 5 | 59 | 235 | 517 | 0.228 | 0.316 | 0.372 | 0.299 | 0.335 | 9292 | 1465 | 93 | 6.3 | 35.6 | 88.2 | 12.6 | 0.240 | 0.393 | 0.309 | 0.351 |
| Brewers | 2180 | 1920 | 429 | 83 | 5 | 75 | 213 | 582 | 0.223 | 0.311 | 0.389 | 0.302 | 0.360 | 8826 | 1348 | 107 | 7.9 | 36.7 | 88.2 | 12.0 | 0.241 | 0.409 | 0.313 | 0.378 |
| Reds | 2119 | 1842 | 390 | 76 | 3 | 90 | 235 | 534 | 0.212 | 0.311 | 0.403 | 0.307 | 0.353 | 8771 | 1315 | 112 | 8.5 | 37.3 | 88.2 | 14.3 | 0.233 | 0.420 | 0.317 | 0.369 |
| Pirates | 2128 | 1932 | 425 | 76 | 6 | 59 | 161 | 521 | 0.220 | 0.282 | 0.357 | 0.275 | 0.325 | 8352 | 1433 | 99 | 6.9 | 36.8 | 88.1 | 10.2 | 0.236 | 0.382 | 0.289 | 0.347 |
| D-Backs | 2233 | 1997 | 482 | 101 | 12 | 58 | 176 | 461 | 0.241 | 0.311 | 0.391 | 0.301 | 0.336 | 8668 | 1560 | 85 | 5.4 | 35.4 | 88.0 | 12.5 | 0.247 | 0.395 | 0.304 | 0.340 |
| Mariners | 2176 | 1929 | 435 | 88 | 5 | 60 | 202 | 545 | 0.226 | 0.307 | 0.370 | 0.293 | 0.341 | 8698 | 1399 | 98 | 7.0 | 36.0 | 87.8 | 12.7 | 0.228 | 0.381 | 0.297 | 0.347 |
| Nationals | 2202 | 1968 | 519 | 112 | 12 | 66 | 176 | 451 | 0.264 | 0.331 | 0.433 | 0.325 | 0.370 | 8813 | 1543 | 102 | 6.6 | 35.3 | 87.7 | 11.2 | 0.258 | 0.422 | 0.317 | 0.359 |
| Marlins | 2161 | 1935 | 472 | 82 | 5 | 60 | 185 | 537 | 0.244 | 0.317 | 0.384 | 0.303 | 0.360 | 8547 | 1413 | 88 | 6.2 | 34.5 | 87.4 | 10.2 | 0.238 | 0.379 | 0.296 | 0.350 |
| Cardinals | 2008 | 1752 | 410 | 73 | 7 | 51 | 202 | 477 | 0.234 | 0.322 | 0.371 | 0.302 | 0.342 | 8188 | 1295 | 90 | 6.9 | 34.8 | 87.3 | 12.8 | 0.238 | 0.397 | 0.310 | 0.355 |
| Royals | 2197 | 1988 | 485 | 97 | 7 | 68 | 169 | 527 | 0.244 | 0.308 | 0.402 | 0.303 | 0.362 | 8623 | 1479 | 101 | 6.8 | 33.9 | 87.1 | 11.6 | 0.248 | 0.399 | 0.301 | 0.360 |
| Orioles | 2237 | 2026 | 523 | 102 | 7 | 77 | 159 | 514 | 0.258 | 0.319 | 0.429 | 0.318 | 0.379 | 8757 | 1537 | 103 | 6.7 | 33.5 | 87.0 | 13.9 | 0.242 | 0.388 | 0.293 | 0.343 |
| Rockies | 2245 | 2057 | 528 | 84 | 16 | 63 | 149 | 543 | 0.257 | 0.307 | 0.405 | 0.303 | 0.370 | 8802 | 1540 | 88 | 5.7 | 31.7 | 87.0 | 13.3 | 0.238 | 0.379 | 0.284 | 0.342 |
| Totals | 66304 | 59030 | 14439 | 2823 | 241 | 2304 | 5890 | 15586 | 0.245 | 0.320 | 0.418 | 0.315 | 0.369 | 263584 | 43972 | 3351 | 7.6 | 37.6 | 88.4 | 12.7 | 0.246 | 0.416 | 0.312 | 0.364 |
