RUA: Nutrition

Running head: INTERVENTIONS TO IMPROVE NUTRITIONAL STATUS 1

Interventions to Improve Nutritional Status:

The Prevention and Management of Chronic Diseases in Adults

Chamberlain College of Nursing

NR 449: Evidence Based Practice

Spring 2018

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INTERVENTIONS TO IMPROVE NUTRITIONAL STATUS 2

2

The Prevention and Management of Chronic Diseases in Adults

Introduction

Health promotion and disease prevention are a priority concern when providing care for

the adult population to help control the prevalence of chronic illness and to aid in the

management of symptoms. While this approach does not replace the medical care of illness, this

attitude has the potential to reduce the incidence of chronic disease within our growing

population of aging adults.

Article Search

To locate relevant evidence for this topic, it is important to identify recently published

articles with information that support current health promotion initiatives. It was imperative to

identify scholarly academic sources with publications from within the past 10 years to ensure

that the information is up-to-date and applicable to the focus of this paper. I used the search

terms “health promotion”, “disease prevention”, and “management of chronic disease” in the

PubMed search database and within the NCBI search database. I was able to locate the articles

“Disease Prevention and Health Promotion: How Integrative Medicine Fits, 2015” and

“Characteristics of Hospital Stays Involving Malnutrition, 2016” using this method to find

information to support the claim between health promotion and disease prevention.

Article Findings

The findings in these articles emphasize the importance of implementing lifestyle

changes and healthful behaviors in order for individuals to maintain their health status.

According to the studies assessment findings of the National Health Interview Survey, adult

respondents completed a questionnaire regarding their different measures of health and

nutritional status, and the variable factors that increase the chances of developing cardiovascular

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INTERVENTIONS TO IMPROVE NUTRITIONAL STATUS 5

3 disease, stroke, foods associated with hypertension, and diseases associated with smoking

cigarettes and alcohol consumption. 40,000 household mail-in interviews were received, which

equated to a total of 110,000 individuals. Of the participants surveyed, 7,500 to 8,500 were

between the ages of 25 and 74, and 4,800 to 5,400 were age 75 and older. The findings in this

study indicated that 37 percent of the participants had hypertension, and 28 percent had heart

disease (Ali & Katz, 2015). This particular method was a longitudinal study that utilized

quantitative convenient sampling. This article was chosen because by using this longitudinal

method, it is possible to identify health trends throughout the population during different stages

of morbidity and mortality.

Evidence for Practice

Interventions for health promotion vary across the lifespan and the risk for diseases

change with increased age. In addition to increased age, chronic conditions and polypharmacy

may be a significant factor that affects an individual’s nutritional status (Weiss, Fingar, Barrett,

Elixhauser, Steiner, Guenter, & Brawn, 2013). In addition to the recommendation of yearly

health screenings to encourage early detection of diseases, in order to encourage health

promotion amongst the population, every five years the Federal government updates its

guidelines to improve adherence to the recommendations for nutritional intake. These

interventions include following a healthy eating pattern across the lifespan, limit the calories

consumed from sugar, saturated fat, and sodium, and to engage in 30 minutes of physical activity

at least three times per week (USDHHS & USDA, 2015). By making daily improvements to

lifestyle choices, individuals may decrease the likelihood of chronic diseases associated with

obesity and a sedentary lifestyle. It is important to continue to analyze these preventative

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INTERVENTIONS TO IMPROVE NUTRITIONAL STATUS 5

4 measures and make this information accessible to the public in order for these interventions to

ensure their efficacy.

Sharing of Evidence

The evidence found in these articles would be beneficial to share with other healthcare

professionals, colleagues, patients, and family members. With consideration to the specific

population that we are treating, is important to provide this information to our patients to

encourage them to make choices that will have long-term beneficial effects on their health status.

It is important to provide patients with written information at their level of comprehension

without medical knowledge. It is important to identify risk factors and co-morbidities among our

clients during assessment and identify their personal preferences when it comes to dietary

choices and physical activity.

Conclusion

Based on the findings in this research, it can be concluded that the most predominant

factor that limits health outcomes is not only the knowledge of preventative health measures and

the efficacy of interventions, but also on the willingness of patients to modify their lifestyle. It is

important to continue to research interventions that aid in the health promotion of individuals

with chronic health conditions.

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INTERVENTIONS TO IMPROVE NUTRITIONAL STATUS 5

5 References

Ali, A., & Katz, D. L. (2015). Disease Prevention and Health Promotion: How Integrative Medicine Fits. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 49(5 0 3), S230–S240. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2015.07.019

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS) and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. 8th Edition. December 2015. Available at http://health.gov/dietaryguidelines/2015/guidelines/.

Weiss A, Fingar K, Barrett M, Elixhauser A, Steiner C, Guenter P, Hise Brawn M, Characteristics of Hospital Stays Involving Malnutrition, 2013, Statistical Brief #210, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2016.

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