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PSY-358 Adult Development and Aging

Topic 3 – Physical Changes during Adulthood

Directions:This assignment will require you to type directly in this worksheet. For Part I, you will describe 3-4 key physical changes that generally take place within each system during that particularagerange. 75 word per box should suffice, and bullet points are preferred over long sentences. An example is included in RED. Note- not all age ranges will experience significant changes, and some boxes will overlap.

A minimum of three expert sources are required, which can include your textbook. Expert information must be correctly cited within each box.

After completing your research for the chart, answer the follow-up questions in Part II. Use properly formatted APA in-text citations, including full references at the bottom of the chart.

Part I: General Physical Changes

Age Range

Sensory System

Reproductive System

Cardiovascular System

Musculoskeletal system

(e.g. bones, joints)

Digestion and Metabolism

Appearance

Emerging Adulthood through Early Adulthood

(17-25-ish)

· Eye sight is the best at this stage for most humans

· Sense of taste and smell is near perfect for most adults

· Most sane adults emerging adults have working sense of touch

· Sexual Responsiveness at its peak

· Increased production of sperm in men

· Increased Release of egg by.female ovaries

· Tachycardia

· Heart blood supply to other organs is at its peak without any hypoxia in healthy young individuals

· Heart starts to pump blood according to BMI

· Increase in cell size

· Increase in cell numbers

· Bones become stronger and have more mass

· Molars and sub molars are fully developed

· Metabolic rate is at its peak

· Human digestion is strong and healthy in most individuals

· Digestive hormones and enzymes work efficiently

· Height starts to increase and reaches its maximum at the end of early development in adults

· Full set of teeth

· Strong body structure

· Nourished Skin and Healthy Hair

Early Adulthood

through Middle Adulthood

(25-45-ish)

· Eye sight starts to weaken in most adults

· Most adults face near sight problems in middle adulthood

· Almost perfect sense of touch and smell

· Hearing loss may start to occur in late middle adulthood

· Men will slowly have a decrease production of testosterone

· Women may face vaginal dryness and urinary dysfunction

· Men have a increased risk of erectile dysfunction

· Women start to get less intense arousal and less frequent orgasms but most women are still fertile

· Men are mostly fertile

· Hypertrophy of heart

· Hypotrophy of heart

· Arteries may get start to blocked

· Hypertension

· Hypotension

· Middle Adulthood is a stage in which many people many face increased chances of osteoarthritis

· Rheumatoid arthritis is common in most adults at the end of middle adulthood

· Cells may start to lose mass

· Mouth ulcers start to form

· Duodenal ulcers

· Fatty liver may occur in many adults

· Constipation

· Hair Start to grey at the end of middle adulthood in most humans

· Weakening of body structure

· Osteoporosis in women

· Wrinkles start to appear

· Clubbing of nails at the end of middle adulthood

Middle Adulthood

through late adulthood

(45-ish through death)

· Older adults face problem of visual impairment

· Loss of hearing and inability to hear sounds of higher frequency

· Inability to taste sweet foods

· Vibratory sense decreases

· Peripheral nerve function that controls the sense of touch declines slightly with age.

· In women ovaries stop producing estrogen and progesterone

· Women ovaries stop releasing eggs

· Men commonly face the problem of infertility and erectile dysfunction

· Stiffening of the blood vessels and arteries

· Heart rate will not increase as much during activities

· Increased risk of high blood pressure

· Shrinking of bones in both size and density

· Weakening of bones

· Bones may become more prone to fracture

· Increased bone loss

· Slower heart rate at rest

· Older adults are more likely to face constipation issues

· Increased chances of stomach bleeding and ulcers

· Painful and infrequent bowel movement

· Hard and dry stool

· Adult skin becomes thin and less elastic

· Formation of worts and skin tags may occur

· Hair may become thin and start turning grey

· Height may lessen by as much as an inch

· Eyes start to discolour

· Wrinkles form on the face and other parts of the body

Part II: Follow-up Questions

In 150-250 words (for all 4 questions), please answer the following questions:

· At what age-range do we see the most dramatic changes occurring?

· Choose (and explain how) at least two factors that might exacerbate the physical changes. Examples: Excessive sun exposure

· What can be done to offset some of these physical changes (cho0se one change above and include both preventive and accommodating ideas). Example: You might explain the impact of proper nutrition

· What was your biggest take-away from this activity? What changes might you make now?

References:

Full APA references belong here

Part II: Follow-up Questions

· Most Dramatic changes occur in late adulthood phase of human aging. Human start to face problems in their sensory system which includes weakening of eye sight and loss of hearing. A decrease in the main five senses is noticed aswell. There is also a noticeable decrease in sexual orgasms and sexual reproduction. Bone issues start to occur and arthritis is common. Digestion starts to weaken slowly by age aswell. Adults in their 60s and above and easy to recognize by their old appearance aswell.

· Many Factors can exacerbate physical changes. Excessive drinking,smoking and exposure to cold are two of the many factors effecting physical changes. Excessive drinking causes liver damage and eye bags to form. Drinking is also one of the major cause of gout in humans. Smoking on the other hand causes blockage of arteries and high blood pressure. Smoking also causes blackness of lips. Smoking damages lungs and mouth and is the main cause of mouth and lung cancer. Cold can cause flu and other lung and respiratory problems in humans. Prolonged exposure to intense cold can cause frostbite and Chilblains. Hypothermia is also caused my cold. Shivering and Goosebumps is common when human body is exposed to below normal temperature.

· Exposure to cold can be overcome by eating warm foods such as hot soups and dry fruits. Direct contact from cold air and other surfaces should also be avoided by wearing warmer clothing. Prolonged exposure to low temperature should also be avoided.

· From this activity I learned about how aging affects human men and women. The Assignment informed me about the changes that occur in different time phases of human development and how they affect us all. I also go to understand human diseases and what causes that and at what age do they start to become a threat .

References:

1. Heart health and aging. National Institute on Aging. https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/heart-health-and-aging.

2. https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/healthy-aging/in-depth/aging/art-20046070

3. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004006.htm

4. Skin care and aging. National Institute on Aging. https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/skin-care-and-aging.