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English 1010 11/28/2018 The impact of bullying on children Bullying is an international problem that brought countless negative effects on children.60% of middle school students say that they have been bullied, while 16% of staff believes that students are bullied; 160,000 students stay home from school every day due to bullying. From these data, we can clearly see that bullying is very prevalent in school and causes a great damage to children that over a hundred thousand children stop going to school because of it. The first important thing we need to figure out is what is bullying. “Bullying is defined as intentional actions repeated over time that harm, intimidate, or humiliate another person” (Olweus, 1993). More generally, bullying is aggressive and unwanted behavior among children in school that cover a perceived or real huge power imbalance. The behavior repeats or plausible repeats again and again over time. It assumes that both of children who bully others or who have been bullied have some serious psychology problem. First of all, there is a very interesting research experiment of Phillip T. Slee and Grace Skrzypiec on analyzing children's drawing to gain a better understanding of the original and basic impact of bullying. In Study One, children’s drawings were examined using indicators of size, detail and line heaviness in terms of gender and developmental trends. The analysis showed no main differences for gender, however, there were clear developmental aspects to children’s depictions of school bullying. In Study Two, children’s self-reported victimization was associated with the degree of detail and the relative distance between the protagonists represented in the drawings. The studies suggest that drawings could be used to counsel young people and help remediate the effects of bullying.（No more bullying, Slee and Skrzypiec ) Above the conclusion of the experiment, we can see that is some difference between the drawings between children who have never been bullied and who have been bullied. The result of study one, it shows that there is almost no clear relation between sex on the size of the drawing, detail and the heaviness of lines for children’s spontaneous drawings of school bullying. It means whatever the sex of the child is, bullying can make an identical impact on them. The purpose of study two was to examine the features including, size of the drawing, detail, line heaviness, size of the bully, the distance between the bully and victim and the size of the victim in children’s drawings as indicators of emotional distress amongst children who report being bullied. ( No more bullying, Slee and Skrzypiec, chapter purpose: study two ) In study two, we can see a few drawings from kids who have been bullied. One of the drawings shows two little blonde girls, one laughs and says to another one: " Har har, you are a fat pig." and another one cries and responses:" That's the three times she has bullied me." So from this drawing, we can know that the first girl is really mean and say some abusive expression to another one and she feels happy while she saying the mean words. However, the girl who is been bullied cries and feels depressed and the words she says that that's the three times she has bullied me show us that she clearly remembers the times of the first girl bullies her. Therefore, from this drawing, we can understand the feeling of the author( a little girl who has been bullied) that she was helpless and despair when she been bullied and also from her words, we can know that bullying has a great negative impact on her as she lays the times of being bullied on heart. According to Phillip T. Slee and Grace Skrzypiec's experiment, we can prove a fact that bullying has a real serious negative influence on children. Moreover, there is a very interesting thing that shows on the drawing: why the girl who is been bullied just cries but not defiance? This question leads to the next thing I want to talk about that the factors cause bullying. According to the drawing, the girl who is been bullied only cries but not resistances, we can speculate that there is a huge power difference between these two girls. “An Imbalance of Power: Kids who bully use their power—such as physical strength, access to embarrassing information, r popularity—to control or harm others. Power imbalances can change over time and in different situations, even if they involve the same people.” ( stopbullying.gov) There is another figure drawn by a ten- year- old little boy who has been bullied of Phillip T. Slee and Grace Skrzypiec's experiment. In the drawing, there are four little boys standing around another little boy and make fun of him. One of the four boys who seemed like the leader says:" I wanna your little cars!", and the boy who has been bullied cries and says:" No, this is my birthday gift from my mom." From this figure, we can clearly see that it's a situation where multiple people bully one person and the person who been bullied has no resistance ability. This a good sample of the imbalance social power between kids. Obviously, the leader of four boys is more popular in school or has more friends in school than the one who has been bullied. And also, because of the difference of the imbalance social power, more and more people will choose to be friend with the one who has more social power and bully someone with him instead of helping the one who has been bullied and lonely. Therefore, this is a terrible endless loop. And also, the more social power a kid has, the more probability he or she likely to bully others. Some are well-connected to their peers, have social power, are overly concerned about their popularity, and like to dominate or be in charge of others. ( stopbullying.gov) As we can see, imbalance power between children is the first and most important factor to cause bullying. Another factor I want to talk about is the internet has promoted irresponsibility and maliciousness in children. Internet communications and social websites are of course partly responsible for a change in bullying patterns. ( Bullying and Cyberbullying, Elizabeth Kandel Englander, Chapter 3, Page 51) There are more and more new devices show up in our lives, like computers, Ps4, Xbox. It is not just TV shows anymore. We admitted that the rise of these new devices makes people's life easier and better, but we can not deny that these new devices also make a huge contribution to the further development of bullying. For instance, there was a computer game named Kick-Ass very populated with kids in China and according to the name, we can know that this is a game with a serious violent plot. In the game, you play the main character, a little boy covered with muscles and is much stronger than other kids, gives a punch to children who ever annoy him. More generally, this is a game make you happy by hurting and biting people, but for no reason, it was very popular with children. The Chongqing Daily reported had published an article that in one day's morning of October 2014, a 9-year- old boy hurt a few his classmates who made him unhappy before when he came to school and some classmates of him were sent to the hospital. In the interview, this boy said the reason why he did it, he said: " I just dislike them( the kids he bitted) and then I remembered my favorite game, Kick-Ass, so I decided to fight with them like the main character in the game. ( The Chongqing Daily reported) Children are incapable of distinguishing right and wrong, so they always intimate things whatever is right or wrong showed on the internet. However, the internet is so developed and people have been inseparable from it, we cannot stop the development of it while we have to prevent the bad influence from it to children. This is a serious question we have to think about nowadays. There is a very interesting data analysis of Mental Health and Bullying in the United States Among Children Aged 6 to 17 Years by Annie Gjelsvik Ph.D., Patrick M. Vivier MD, Frances Turcotte Benedict MD. The survey was conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Center for Health Statistics (Blumberg et al., 2012). A total of 91,642 interviews were completed in households with children of ages birth to 17 years between April 2007 and July 2008. The survey was administered for one randomly selected child in each household that had an age-eligible child. ( Mental Health and Bullying in the United States Among Children Aged 6 to 17 Years, Gjelsvik, Vivier, Benedict) Before I read the result from these data, I made a rough estimate of the result that more than fifty percent of children have experience of bullying and most of these kids have a mental problem. As I expected, the data shows a total of 63,816 children had valid data for both mental health and bullying status. The percentage of age-eligible children missing information was 0.12%. In 2007, 15.2% of U.S. children between the ages of 6 and 17 years were identified as bullies and 14.9% carried a diagnosis of at least one mental health disorder. Through this analysis of data, it demonstrates one of my postulates that most of the children who are bullied or bully others have some degree of mental illness. The bad family environment is one of the main reasons why children have psychological problems. Parents are the first and most important teacher of their kid, and they spend most time of them on raising their children, hence if the parents do not provide their children a proper guidance or enough love, their kids will develop to a terrible direction. For instance, some kids hurt others for their parents always fight with each other or their parents always beat them so that they abreact themselves by hurting somebody else; some kids like to make fun of others by mean words or dirty words as their parents usually say these bad words around them so that they think these words actually are “ good” and “fun” words; some kids do terrible things to others because of lack of love and care form their parents and want to gain attention through some ultra methods. One of my friends named Rex, who born in a special forces family, once entered police office because of fighting. His parents have an extremely conflict relationship and always fight with each other in his childhood, and because of both of them are special forces, the fighting was very very cruel, especially for a little kid. And also his mother has severe violent tendencies and schizophrenia, she always beat her son Rex to death because of little things. Those words he said to me by himself and he seemed very pathetic and sad when he describes his miserable childhood. He said something that I will never forget that he wanted to kill his mother countless times and he never loves his mother. The harm from this mother caused a distortion in his heart and made him bully others in the school to abreact himself. Parents are the most important roles in a child's life, do not ruin the child’s life by your own mistakes. Comment by Tolonda Henderson: You need a citation here. Comment by Tolonda Henderson: You have a citation for this below, but that is really too far from this statement to be clearly related. You need to give page numbers of where you got this information. Comment by Tolonda Henderson: Again, you need a citation here. Comment by Tolonda Henderson: This quote could be introduced better. Comment by Tolonda Henderson: This parenthetical citation is not formatted correctly. It simply needs to read (Englander, 51). Comment by Tolonda Henderson: This is a very broad statement. Comment by Tolonda Henderson: I don’t understand what this means. Comment by Tolonda Henderson: This kind of statement needs to be backed up with evidence. It isn’t enough to make a broad sweeping generalization like this and then move on. Comment by Tolonda Henderson: This needs to be two different paragraphs, and the section on your friend needs to be contextualized more. Personal anecdotes are not sufficient for a research paper.

Bullying can affect everyone—those who are bullied, those who bully, and those who witness bullying. Bullying is linked to many negative outcomes including impacts on mental health, substance use, and suicide. It is important to talk to kids to determine whether bullying—or something else—is a concern. ( stopbullying.gov) As a girl who had been bullied, I know how much bullying has a psychological effect on children and how much bullying will affect children's lives in the future. If we want to completely prevent school violence from happening again, we have to find out the important and basic factors cause bullying and then solve them. In addition to imbalance power and the bad influence of the internet, there are still a lot of factors we need to find and solve, like irresponsible parents and teachers. I hope every kid can have a beautiful childhood without the hurt from bullying. Comment by Tolonda Henderson: You could have pushed your argument to be more sophisticated. You have essentially answered the yes/no question of whether bullying is bad, and I doubt you’d find anyone who would disagree with your conclusion. Remember that you have to articulate why your thesis is worth arguing for.

Reflection note I choose this subject, the impact of bullying on children, is because I experience bullying in my childhood, so I want to figure out the important and basic factors cause bullying to solve this problem better. I borrowed a book from the library, bullying and cyberbullying, because of the professor's request. At first, I thought this book is useless, I will never use it into my essay, however, to my surprise, some arguments from this book can prove the argument of my essay very well. During the research, I did a lot of readings and learned some really interesting things from these readings. I found a lot of readings about bullying from both library and website, however, it is very disappointing that most of them do not for my argument. So it was kind of wasting my time. And then I found that I do not need to read every article once, I just need to find the chapter which most related to my argument. There is a game I wrote in my essay named Kick-Ass, in order to describe the game better, I went to play it by myself. After I played this game, I knew more about it and I was even more determined to use it as an example. And also I changed one of my argument children are more troubled nowadays to the internet has promoted irresponsibility and maliciousness in children as when I read the article about children are more troubled nowadays, I felt strongly disagree. Then I did more research and found an argument I want to discuss. When I saw the picture drawn by kids who had been bullied in Phillip T. Slee and Grace Skrzypiec' s research, I felt painfully. I think every child deserves a beautiful childhood instead of a childhood is full of horrible memories. When I revised my essay I add one more my thoughts in it that family environment is also a huge reason of bullying. So I did some research on it and I found something. I read all the datas form “Mental Health and Bullying in the United States Among Children Aged 6 to 17 Years” although most of them I did not use in my essay. These data are very attractive and convincible, because of these data, I could prove my guess more authoritative. From assignment 3 which is a research essay, I learned a lot things and I found that it is really interesting to do research by read different kind of articles, some of them agree with you but some of them against you. It is like you are in a room and a lot of people are discussing with a same topic, everyone has he or she own idea. The whole process of this essay makes very happy, through doing research to writing.

Yuyi,

It is clear that you have put energy and time into this assignment. For the most part, you use your sources adequately and support your points. Unfortunately, your argument is not very strong and as a result there are places where your writing reads like a report rather than a research paper. There are other places where you have not supported your points and your paper reads like an opinion piece. Also, you need to use citations more frequently to pinpoint where you are getting your information from. Lastly, you have not included a Works Cited page. This is an important part of a research paper and absolutely cannot be overlooked.

Logistics Points: 3/3

Grade: C+