Submit a synthesis of statistical findings

DDBA 8307 Week 3 Assignment Exemplar: Independent Samples t-Test[footnoteRef:1] [1: Footnotes within the narrative are depicted by bold yellow superscripts; the footnotes will not be in your final submission.]

John Doe[footnoteRef:2] [2: Type your name here.]

DDBA 8307-6[footnoteRef:3] [3: Type in DDBA section number (e.g. DDBA 8307– 6). ]

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Dr. Jane Doe[footnoteRef:4] [4: Enter faculty name here.]

Independent-samples t-test

You will describe and defend using the independent samples t-test for your analysis. Use at least two outside resources—that is, resources not provided in the course resources, readings, etc. These citations will be presented in the References section. This exercise will give you practice for addressing Rubric Item 2.13b, which states, “Describes and defends, in detail, the statistical analyses that the student will conduct….” This section should be no more than two paragraphs.

Research Question[footnoteRef:5] [5: Quantitative research questions can be presented in a variety of formats; however, you will be safe using this format. ]

Is there a statistically significant gender self-esteem mean difference?

Hypotheses[footnoteRef:6] [6: Two hypotheses, the null (H0) and alternative (H1), are to be stated for each research question. See p. 39 in the Research Handbook for more detailed examples. See more on hypotheses at http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/hypothes.php ]

H0: There is no statistically significant gender self-esteem mean difference.

H1: There is a statistically significant gender self-esteem mean difference.

Results[footnoteRef:7] [7: DBA Rubric Item 3.2d: Reports inferential statistical analyses results, organized by research question, in proper APA statistical notation/format. Includes the alpha level chosen for the test, test value, p (significance level) values, effect size, degrees of freedom, confidence intervals (when appropriate), etc. ]

An independent-samples t-test (two-tailed), a = .05, was conducted to assess whether males differed significantly from females in a self-reported self-esteem measure. The independent variable was gender, with two levels, male and female. The dependent variable was self-esteem. The assumptions of normality and equal variances (Levene’s test, p = .062)[footnoteRef:8] were evaluated with no violations noted. The results were not significant[footnoteRef:9], t(434) = 1.622, p = .105[footnoteRef:10]. There were no significant differences in reported self esteem scores for males (M = 34.02, SD = 4.91) and females (M = 33.17, SD = 5.71)[footnoteRef:11]. The 95% CI of the mean difference (.85) was -1.80 to 1.87[footnoteRef:12]. Figure 1 is a box depicting self-esteem by gender. The SPSS output is provided in the Appendix. [8: The test value (Levene’s test) for the assumption assessment is > .05, and therefore not significant.] [9: Remember, your results might be significant; this would be evidenced by p < .05. If you have significant results, you will need to add the effect size [e.g. t(434) = 1.622, p = .062, d = .23].] [10: This is the correct format for reporting t-test results. However, it is important to understand the parameters. t indicates that a t-test was conducted; (434) = the degrees of freedom (df), which is an indication of the sample size. The df is the sample size minus 2. Therefore, in this case the sample is 436; 1.622 is the calculated t-statistic; p is the significance value where a value < .05 indicate significant findings. In this case, p is > .05; therefore, the results are not significant. The effect size (d) would be reported if the results were significant [see formula on p. 126 in the Green & Salkind (2017) text). ] [11: The mean (M) and standard deviation (SD) by gender are the only descriptive statistics; therefore, a descriptive statistics table is not needed.] [12: Always report the 95% CI for the mean difference score.]

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Figure 1. Boxplot depicting self-esteem scores by gender.[footnoteRef:13] [13: The graph is also addressing Rubric Item 3.2e: Includes appropriate tables and figures to illustrate results, as per the current edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. ]

References

Type references here in proper APA format.

Appendix – Independent Samples t-Test SPSS Output[footnoteRef:14] [14: You will copy-and-paste the appropriate SPSS output into the Assignment. See the document titled “Copying and Pasting SPSS Output Into Word,” located in the Week 2 Resources. ]