*******QUALITATIVE RESEARCH STUDY/GRADED IN RUBIC CRITERIA*********

Running Head: CRITICAL APPRAISAL 1

CRITICAL APPRAISAL 2

Introduction

Research appraisal is the process of evaluating the quality of the knowledge gathered through research and establishing the applicability of the study to the given situation. The research might be about a patient, population, individual, or policy.

Research design

This research used a nested cohort study in which data was collected from a large cluster-randomized controlled trial.

Validity, credibility and trustworthy of the results

Results validity refers to suitable scientific methods used to obtain study results (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2015). Research instruments are required to be accurate when taking measurements for research. Before the introduction of physical exercise within the extended care facilities for the elderly, life expectancy for elderly people was short as compared to life expectancy after introduction of physical exercise program. Physical exercise allows the elderly to stimulate playing experience of a sport which they might not be physically fit to play in real life (Jung, Janissa, Gladys, & Lee, 2009, December). This critical analysis was aimed at factors influencing attendance to group exercise. This research used 1023 participants aged above 65 years within 78 nursing homes across the country of the United Kingdom. The research further used a sub-sample of 428 adults living in 34 homes to obtain the results. I believe this research gave valid results and can provide some information if healthcare teams meet the recommendations suggested by the study.

Despite the study using a small sample size, a keen study procedure was undertaken to complete the study, which gives surety of credible results. The study calculated the percentage attendance of each individual and home within the exercise groups. There were different exercises in each home and therefore necessitated the use of percentage attendance.

How were the participants chosen?

This study involved participants aged 65 years and above, and the participants were cluster-randomized controlled trials chosen from a population of 1023 participants to obtain a sample of 428 people.

Data accuracy and completeness.

Research paper made use of nurses to carry out baseline assessments at the home level. Nurses took the maximum one hour to assess each resident. This study used a small sample size from a cluster group. A small sample ensured that data was collected within a short time of period. Also, physiotherapists assigned to intervene were thoroughly trained for two days the involved training lessons on processes and the rationale of the trials. The training of the research personnel was to ensure data accuracy.

Research paper Plausible and believable results.

The research paper presented high quality results. The majority of research procedures and criteria were met, leaving a minimal chance for bias. These results are believable and present no chance to change the results if further research is carried out.

Does the research paper state its implications?

No

Impact of stud insights

The new insights will increase sensitivity to other needs. It was important that patients ne be educated on the benefits of attending group exercise. By understanding the relevance and benefit of exercise, the elder population was more receptive to the research study.

Situational competence related to study understanding

The higher levels of understanding of all procedures and criteria to be used aided in avoiding bias and incompetence in determining predictors of attendance to group exercise

How is the reader affected by the study?

This research used was easily comprehended by nursing professionals, researchers, and citizens without a specialized field of study. The language used was based on the reader’s ability to understand the data. Readers had the ability to successfully absorb the information derived from the study and creating awareness by educating others.

Are the results plausible and believable?

Yes, there were no significant problems during the time of the study, and therefore this research can be said to be believable. Also, this research was carried out by a well-trained team.

How can this study draw the imaginative experience of the reader?

The readers are in a factious imagination on how older adults can engage in a physical exercise. The imaginative experience is mainly on the actions of the older adults in a physical exercise. The questions the reader can ask imaginatively are, will the older adults comply with the rules of the game? Will older adults turn in large numbers just like for the case of young people? Will the older adults manage to play utmost the required time? among other questions.

Study results

Results presented are of 428 participants, 102 participants out of 428 lived in nursing homes while 326 participants lived in residential homes. The majority of the participants were females, 77.7%, and the mean age was 88 years. The interventions incorporated by the nurses showed that the majority had a moderate impairment. The median score of mini-mental state examination at nursing homes was 14 (0-29), while the median for residential homes was 19 (0-30). Also, the median in terms of the Geriatric depression scale was 5 (0-13) for nursing homes and 3 (0-13) for residential homes, which is a clear indication of low levels of depression symptoms. The study was continued to win one year, whereby 3191 exercise groups were carried out. The mean score for the nursing homes was 78, while residential homes recorded a mean of 82.

Purpose of the study

The researchers gained an in-depth understanding of long- term care, particularly the goal of physical exercise among the elderly in nursing homes and residential homes. The study also examined the perception of the elderly in engaging in physical exercise. This research also established how older people's perception of physical exercise impacted their attendance to group exercise.

Identification of the study approach

The research identified a descriptive research approach based on the nature of the research question. Predictors of attendance to group exercise among the elderly problem can only be addressed using a qualitative research approach (Holloway, & Galvin, 2016). 

Data collection and analysis techniques

This study used questionnaires to collect data from the participants. This method is appropriate in this study since it can provide a quick, effective, and cheap way of data collection. The study used a simple linear regression model to analyses the results. The linear regression model was appropriate for this study since the main objective was to show a relationship between factors influencing attendance and group exercise.

Importance of the study

Clearly stated results will help policymakers in coming up with more relevant policies for the benefit of the elderly in society.

Importance of literature review

The literature review research helped to gain insight about long -term care for the elderly before writing research. It will also help the researcher to gain insight regarding existing data related to predictors of attendance to group exercise and identifying the existing gaps. (Ten Bruggencate, Luijkx & Sturm, 2018).

The Potential Contribution of the Study

This research will potentially contribute to the knowledge regarding factors that influence physical exercise among older adults. Also, this research will provide an insight into how physical exercise among the elderly in long term care helps to increase life expectancy.

Sampling and the study needs.

To sample the study needs, a large sample size was used, which presented a good representation of the study population. The sampling technique was precise since it used a randomized sample.

The influence researchers have on sample selection.

My research employed a cluster-randomized controlled trial. The randomized approach helped in selecting 34 homes from 78 homes for the study.

The sample size and study needs.

This study employed a large sample size of 428 participants from 78 homes. Larger sample size helped researchers to obtain statistically significant results.

How research identifies the human experience.

It has been proven that older adults in long term care need physical exercise for better health. This research paper sought to find out predictors of attendance to group exercise associated with the elderly population. Literature review shows that older adults can improve life expectancy by engaging themselves in physical exercise.

Is the data collection procedures clear?

Yes, since this study begins with identifying the human experience. The goals were to identify factors that influence elderly attendance in group exercise. The study also identified qualitative research as the approach method, and therefore the cluster-randomized controlled trial is an appropriate method of data collection.

Study the importance of data sources and means of verification.

The analysts had to proofread data before analysis. The data was also sorted and cleaned, which helped to ensure the chances of errors and inappropriate statistics were eliminated.

Study roles and activities of the researcher.

The researcher was responsible for providing a suitable work plan to ensure the completeness of the study within a stipulated time.

Are data analysis procedures described?

No.

Does the study provide sampling directions?

No.

Does the study describe data management processes?

No.

Study results

This study used linear regression as a method of data analysis. Depression, social-economic characteristics and social engagement were statistically significant and was associated with participant attendance in residential homes.

Presentation of the study findings

Participant and home characteristics were presented in the form of a table. The findings regarding participant gender results were presented in percentages.

Derivation of data meanings from the data context in the study.

Although the research used a qualitative approach, data collectors used questionnaires to interview participants.

How effective writing promote understanding?

Effective writing helps in presenting the research knowledge logically, and therefore, research inquiry enhances understanding.

How results will help nurses to care for their patients?

The results that were gathered will be enforced in within the nursing field, and therefore all medical facilities will take care of their patients. This study was carried out to enhance the nursing professional’s ability to make a collective decision.

The relevance of the results

The study results are applicable to all persons in similar situations. The study results are valid and relevant. Any further research on the same question will obtain the same results.

The relevance of the study results.

The study findings also show that 77.7% of the participants were women. Social-economic status was investigated as a factor that influences participant participation in physical exercise.

Result applicability of the study to clinical practice.

The results may be used in policy formulation within the clinical practice; it is good to allow physical activities for individuals living in long term care since it increases life expectancy. These results may apply in a clinical facility to emphasize on the need for physical activity since it is associated with numerous health benefits.

Conclusion

Older people living in long term care showed a willingness to participate in exercise programs. Some of the older people did attend physical exercise programs due to home-based reasons. Physical exercise is good for the health of older adults who experience aging health complications. The impact of physical exercise among the elderly cannot be underestimated. Physical exercise helps the elderly to prevent the impact of sedentary lifestyles. Among the factors concluded to hinder physical exercise include pain, health status and fear from falling.

REFERENCES

Finnegan, S., Bruce, J., Lamb, S. E., & Griffiths, F. (2015). Predictors of attendance to group exercise: a cohort study of older adults in long-term care facilities. BMC geriatrics, 15(1), 1-12.

Holloway, I., & Galvin, K. (2016). Qualitative research in nursing and healthcare. John Wiley & Sons.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275011838_Predictors_of_attendance_to_group_exercise_A_cohort_study_of_older_adults_in_long-term_care_facilities

Jung, Y., Li, K. J., Janissa, N. S., Gladys, W. L. C., & Lee, K. M. (2009, December). Games for a better life: effects of playing Wii games on the well-being of seniors in a long-term care facility. In Proceedings of the Sixth Australasian Conference on Interactive Entertainment (pp. 1-6).

Ten Bruggencate, T., Luijkx, K. G., & Sturm, J. (2018). Social needs of older people: a systematic literature review. Ageing and Society, 38(9), 1745-1770.

Finnegan, S., Bruce, J., Lamb, S.E. & Griffiths, F. (2015). Predictors of attendance to group exercise: a cohort study of older adults in long-term care facilities. BMC. Geriatrics, 15 (1), 1-12.