Ecology of Human Habitat and Urban Form

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Covered Land Area

Land area covered by built landscape types (square km)
Sacramento Portland Las Vegas Atlanta Boston
Airport 47 18 23 32 25
Apartment Blocks Campus 0 0 0 0 8
Campus 55 38 17 64 31
Civic 47 1 2 3 2
Commercial Strip 24 21 25 160 48
County Roads 1 0 0 6 72
Degenerate Grid 106 182 66 107 429
Garden Apartments 43 26 49 122 30
Garden Suburb 14 4 0 1 84
Heavy Industry 32 74 12 41 17
Hillside 4 8 0 0 0
Incremental/Mixed 37 27 94 68 148
Land of the Dead 2 4 1 7 22
Long Blocks 0 0 0 8 0
Loops and Lollipops 449 305 352 2469 601
Malls & Boxes 38 23 48 65 64
New Urbanism 4 7 0 1 0
Organic 0 0 0 0 0
Quasi Grid 6 1 0 25 121
Rectangular Block Grid 14 72 17 10 120
Rural Sprawl 954 291 13 943 1024
Superblocks 0 0 0 0 0
Trailer Park 13 8 9 4 6
Upscale Enclave 135 16 46 32 50
Urban Grid 27 35 1 13 1
Workplace Boxes 102 6 51 299 144
Total 2156 1194 824 4479 3047
Approx. population, millions 1.9 2 2.2 5.5 4.5
Density (pers/sq. km) 881 1675 2669 1228 1477

Impervious Surfaces

Built Landscapes and Impervious Surfaces (averages for six cities)
Sacramento Mean Portland Mean Las Vegas Mean Atlanta Mean Boston Mean Overall Mean
Airport 21 33 49 40 30 34
Apartment Blocks Campus 40 56 61 53
Campus 27 44 50 33 55 41
Civic 68 72 62 49 75 65
Commercial Strip 11 71 67 53 53 53
County Roads 46 14 16 24
Degenerate Grid 59 46 49 24 43 43
Garden Apartments 52 55 57 34 40 48
Garden Suburb 41 38 26 47 38
Heavy Industry 45 69 45 54 71 58
Hillside 16 27 21
Incremental/Mixed 29 38 35 35 32 37
Land of the Dead 25 16 38 14 28 24
Long Blocks 16 26
Loops and Lollipops 38 40 47 17 30 34
Malls & Boxes 68 75 64 64 56 66
New Urbanism 43 43 24 41
Organic 14
Quasi Grid 32 70 41 56 52
Rectangular Block Grid 51 54 55 34 58 51
Rural Sprawl 27 10 6 6 16 13
Superblocks 74 67
Trailer Park 50 59 26 35 44
Upscale Enclave 19 23 41 13 14 22
Urban Grid 51 63 72 55 64 60
Workplace Boxes 59 69 57 49 45 56
All Built Landscape 36 43 51 24 27 38

Surface Temperature

Built Landscapes and Surface Temperature (averages for six cities)
Sacramento Mean Portland Mean Las Vegas Mean Atlanta Mean Boston Mean Overall Mean
Airport 42.33 42.91 51.99 44.77 35.81 41.75
Apartment Blocks Campus 37.68 37.57 37
Campus 40.99 40.74 50.64 43.58 35.63 40.86
Civic 42.29 41.79 52.36 47.86 38.71 43.01
Commercial Strip 40.74 41.6 51.97 43.14 35.37 41.49
County Roads 40.36 40.82 33.27 36.44
Degenerate Grid 39.91 39.02 51.99 40.96 33.31 39.53
Garden Apartments 40.16 40.1 50.81 42.58 33.24 40.15
Garden Suburb 39.33 36.47 41.99 34.43 37.21
Heavy Industry 40.76 41.42 51.55 44.35 36.37 50.16
Hillside 36.28 34.3 35.29
Incremental/Mixed 39.22 38.51 50.74 41.65 31.54 39.29
Land of the Dead 39.25 35.98 47.72 42 32.58 38.45
Long Blocks 40.21 37.63
Loops and Lollipops 38.25 38.29 49.86 37.94 32.59 38.06
Malls & Boxes 41.67 42.76 50.97 46.43 37.14 42.67
New Urbanism 41.97 41.83 43.22 40.99
Organic 33.98
Quasi Grid 37.86 42.54 41.99 35.77 38.68
Rectangular Block Grid 39.46 52.64 41.85 36.59 40.52
Rural Sprawl 37.57 36.57 42.41 35.77 32.27 42.76
Superblocks 40.57 37.58
Trailer Park 38.44 40.56 51.66 40.53 32.1 39.53
Upscale Enclave 37.16 36.17 48.2 40 30.79 37.28
Urban Grid 39.71 40.31 53.01 44.47 38.12 41.38
Workplace Boxes 41.32 42.18 52.32 45.06 36.06 42.01
All Built Landscape 37.67 39.78 49.77 40.3 33.27 39.28

Vegetation

Built Landscapes and Vegetation (average NDVI - the larger the number, the "greener" the urban form type)
Sacremento Mean Portland Mean Las Vegas Mean Atlanta Mean Boston Mean Overall Mean
Airport 0.2 0.27 0.12 0.33 0.44 0.29
Apartment Blocks 0.43 0.26 0.37
Campus 0.27 0.41 0.3 0.44 0.49 0.4
Civic 0.2 0.24 0.13 0.29 0.47 0.27
Commercial Strip 0.2 0.25 0.17 0.37 0.29 0.29
Country Roads 0.37 0.57 0.58 0.55
Degenerate Grid 0.35 0.44 0.25 0.59 0.45 0.43
Garden Apartments 0.34 0.41 0.24 0.52 0.59 0.42
Garden Suburb 0.38 0.54 0.6 0.55 0.47
Heavy Industry 0.25 0.26 0.14 0.31 0.25 0.24
Hillside 0.62 0.62
Incremental/Mixed 0.35 0.46 0.28 0.49 0.53 0.43
Land of the Dead 0.42 0.6 0.34 0.58 0.63 0.53
Long Blocks 0.65 0.62
Loops & Lollipops 0.36 0.49 0.35 0.54 0.51 0.46
Malls & Boxes 0.22 0.2 0.27 0.43 0.27
New Urbanism 0.24 0.37 0.46 0.37
Organic 0.59
Quasi Grid 0.36 0.25 0.48 0.45 0.38
Rectangular Block Grid 0.35 0.41 0.19 0.52 0.4 0.38
Rural Sprawl 0.4 0.54 0.14 0.6 0.52 0.47
Superblocks 0.22 0.22
Trailer Park 0.29 0.34 0.15 0.58 0.57 0.4
Upscale Enclave 0.31 0.58 0.38 0.6 0.64 0.52
Urban Grid 0.31 0.34 0.12 0.41 0.31
Workplace Boxes 0.28 0.26 0.16 0.38 0.45 0.31
All Built Landscape 0.28 0.41 0.22 0.45 0.38 0.36
Surrounding Non-Urban Land 0.45 0.47 0.45 0.48 0.46 0.42

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