Angel BPCC- Bio- Assignment 2

Assignment #2 - Biology 101

FALL, 2020

Due October 8, 2020

Define the following biological terms:

fluid mosaic model entropy anaerobic

concentration gradient induced fit model phosphorylation

tonicity feedback inhibition ATP synthase

potential energy denature autotroph

kinetic energy oxidation heterotroph

energy of activation reduction absorption spectrum

active site aerobic photosystem

1. Define diffusion and differentiate between diffusion and osmosis. (1 point)

2. Describe what happens when animal and plant cells are placed in isotonic, hypotonic,

and hypertonic solutions. (1 1/2 points)

3. Differentiate between facilitated transport and active transport. (1/2 point)

4. List the two laws of thermodynamics and tell how they relate to living organisms. (1 point)

5. How is energy stored in a molecule of ATP? (1/2 point)

6. What is the role of enzymes in reactions? How does temperature, pH, and amount of

substrate affect chemical reactions? (2 points)

7. Compare and contrast noncompetitive and competitive inhibition of enzymes. (1 point)

8. What is the function of NAD+ and FAD in cellular respiration? (1/2 point)

9. Briefly describe the four phases of cellular respiration. (2 points)

10. List five important features of glycolysis. (1 point)

11. List the end products of the citric acid cycle. (1 point)

12. When is carbon converted from glucose into carbon dioxide during cellular respiration?

(1 point)

13. What is the importance of the electron transport chain? What is the role of oxygen in

this process? (1 point)

14. What is fermentation and why is it beneficial? (1 point)

15. What is the theoretical yield of ATPs from glycolysis? From the complete breakdown of

glucose in the presence of oxygen? (1 point)

16. What are the major components of the chloroplast and how do they relate to the reactions of

photosynthesis? (1 point)

17. What is the absorption spectrum of chlorophylls a and b, and why is chlorophyll green?

(1 point)

18. What are the end products of the light reactions of photosynthesis? Why are these products

needed? (1 point)

19. What are the three stages of the Calvin cycle? (1 point)

20. What is the end product of photosynthesis? (1 point)

21. Compare and contrast C4 and CAM photosynthesis. (1 point)