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1. (10 points) Consider the following scenario: Noah and Lexi are the parents of 2-year-old Bryce. Bryce was a fussy, difficult baby. He had inconsistent patterns of eating and sleeping, did not respond well to changes in routine, and was easily frustrated. Now, as a toddler, Bryce tends to throw severe tantrums when he does not get his way, when he’s tired, or when he’s hungry. Not knowing what to do, Noah and Lexi often give in to Bryce just to keep the peace. For example, Bryce often wants candy or a toy at the store. When his parents tell him “no,” he will throw a tantrum. To avoid embarrassment, Noah and Lexi simply let Bryce have what he wants. The stress is starting to take a toll, and Noah and Lexi desperately want help with Bryce’s behavior.

Select ONE of the following 4 theories presented in Chapter 1(1. Psychosocial; 2. Social Learning Theory; 3. Cognitive; 4. Sociocultural) and provide advice to Noah and Lexi about how to help Bryce develop more adaptive and appropriate behaviors. Your advice should talk about key aspects of the theory that you selected (therefore pretend you are Erikson, Bandura, Piaget, or Vygotsky and you are giving these parents advice). What should Noah and Lexi avoid doing, and why?

Answer should be at least 5 sentences long.

2. (8 points) As Chapter 4 points out, toddlers can be picky eaters. But it’s extremely important that they get foods rich in nutrients. Read the brief article on this link:

https://www.whattoexpect.com/feeding-picky-eaters/video.aspx

This advice to get 1 to 2 year old picky eaters to eat contains components of: Piaget’s theory discussed in Chapter 5 and Erikson’s theory discussed in Chapter 6. Explain how you see BOTH of those theories (for this age group) used in this article.

Answer should be at least 4 sentences long.

3. (7 points) According to Vygotsky, children learn through social interactions. Talking to others often acts within the zone of proximal development and stimulates cognitive change. One way in which educators may help students is through guided participation and scaffolding. This guidance and scaffolding works best in the zone of proximal development.

Can you think of a time when you needed help learning how to solve a problem and someone scaffolded your learning experience? What was the problem? Who helped you? What assistance did they provide? Explain how you think this problem was within your zone of proximal development.

Answer should be at least 4 sentences long.