2 assignments with answers

What is the broadband communication system and how broadband network support quality of service (Qos)?

Answer

الاجابة الاولى

A broadband communication system can be defined as one that provides broadband service to homes and enterprises. Broadband service comprising audio, video, and data is also known as multimedia service .In another words, it provides voice, video, and data services over the same medium to customer premises.

Quality of Service in Broadband Systems

Quality of service could be interpreted in technical terms in many different ways. However, from Broadband service users point, they expect reliable, dependable, and good quality service.

Networking technology has to prioritize real-time voice and video traffic over store-and-forward data traffic, and provide the end-to- end quality of service. For real-time applications of voice and video, the delay and jitter should be very low.

Service should be highly dependable (always available) and reliable (quality is consistent).

الاجابة الثانية

A broadband communication system can be defined as one that provides broadband service to homes and enterprises. Broadband service includes the following

1. Audio service includes telephone, telephone conference, and radio broadcast

2. Video service includes broadcast television, interactive television, video-on-demand, and video conference services

3. Data service includes numerous applications, which can be classified into three categories: store-and-forward, audio streaming, and video streaming. Some examples of store-and-forward service are email, messaging, and Web-based applications.

Quality of Service in Broadband Systems

Quality of service could be interpreted in technical terms in many different ways. However, from Broadband service users point, they expect reliable, dependable, and good quality service.

Networking technology has to prioritize real-time voice and video traffic over store-and-forward data traffic, and provide the end-to- end quality of service. For real-time applications of voice and video, the delay and jitter should be very low.

Service should be highly dependable (always available) and reliable (quality is consistent).

Encode 32-bit INTEGER 12 in TLV format?

Answer

Type = 00 0 00010 where

1. Class: 00 (universal)

2. P/C: 0

3. Tag number: integer is universal 2 00010

Length: 32-bit INTEGER 12 is 4 bytes so, the length is 4 in binary 0000 0100

Value: 12 as 32-bit binary equals 00000000 00000000 00000000 00001100

12 in the TLV format is

00000010 0000 0100 00000000 00000000 00000000 00001100

Question Three

1.5 Marks

Learning Outcome(s):

Recognize conceptual and practical knowledge of different versions of Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP).

What kind of network management protocols is available? What information can these protocols provide? Explain it with example.

Answer

CMIP specifies the basic services needed to manage of data communications network LAN and WAN, Deals with all 7 layers of the OSI. The specifications are Object oriented and hence managed objects are based on object classes and inheritance rules. CMIP is the most complete and Well-structured and layered, however it consumes large resource in implementation and it’s more complex and harder to implement.

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) started as an industry standard. The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is responsible for all Internet specifications including network management. The managed objects are defined as scalar objects in SNMP. It was primarily intended to manage Internet components, but is now used to manage WAN and telecommunications systems. It is easy to implement and is the most widely implemented network management system today.

TMN is designed to manage the telecommunications network and is oriented toward the needs of telecommunications service providers. TMN is ITU-T (International Telecommunications Union — Telecommunications) standard and is based on OSI CMIP/CMIS specifications. It addresses both network and administrative aspects of Management.

IEEE standards adopted internationally, which addresses LAN and MAN management. It’s only concerned with OSI layers 1 (physical) and 2 (data link).Those specifications arc structured similar to OSI specifications. For example, 802.3 specifications are for Ethernet LANs.

The Web-Based Enterprise Management (WBEM) standard is developed by the Desktop Management Task Force (DMTF). It is based on the Common Information Model (CIM) data model transported using CIM Operations over HTTP.

The Java Management Extension [JMX] is an open Java technology for management. It defines management architecture, application programming interfaces (APIs), and management services under a single umbrella specification..

XML-based network management is based on a network management method, which defines management information by XML and the exchange of data for management in the form of an XML document, and it uses an XML document-processing standard method for processing data.

Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA)-based Network Management is an object-oriented client-server model that uses CORBA. The objects arc defined using Interface Description Language (IDL) and uses a distributed managed objects architecture.

Question Four

1.5 Marks

Learning Outcome(s):

Recognize conceptual and practical knowledge of different versions of Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP).

What is the error message that occurs when the manager sends Set_Request to a read-only object? Also, list out any three error messages in SNMP v1.

Answer

الاجابة الاولى

The error message “readOnly” occurs when the manager sends Set_Request to a read-only object, in other words the value cannot be modified since the Access mode value is “read-only”

Error messages in SNMP v1:

tooBig means that Response is too big to it in one message

noSuchName means that variable does not exist

badValues means the value to be stored is invalid

genErr means other errors occurred

شرح اخر للجزء السابق

Error messages in SNMP v1:

1. tooBig : the size of the GetResponce PDU is too big to transport

2. noSuchName the name of the requested object was not found

3. badValue a value in the request did not match the structure that the recipient of the request had for the object ( different type or length )

4. genErr an error other than one of the preceding four specific type occurred