Gen Biology - Assignment #1A and 1B

Assignment #1 - Biology 101-801

Fall 2020

Due September 17, 2020

Define the following biological terms:

Homeostasis ion ribosome

emergent properties molecule nucleolus

matter compound chromosome

atom solution chromatin

atomic number acid rain central vacuole

mass number resolution cytoskeleton

isotope nucleotide extracellular matrix

isomer organelle cell wall

octet rule nuclear envelope

1. List six basic properties of life discussed in your textbook and in class. (1 point)

2. Briefly describe the steps involved in the scientific process. (1 point)

3. What is the difference between an hypothesis and a theory in biology? (1/2 point)

4. List the eight taxa in the hierarchy of classification beginning with the most general

taxon to the most specific. (1 point)

5. List the three domains and the four kingdoms in the domain Eukarya. (1 point)

6. What are the three building blocks of the atom discussed in class? (1/2 point)

7. What is the atomic number and atomic mass of chlorine? 35

How many neutrons does it have? (1 point) Cl

17

8. What determines the reactivity of an atom? (1/2 point)

9. Describe the difference between ionic and covalent bonding. (1/2 point)

10. What is the difference between a nonpolar covalent bond and a polar covalent bond?

(1/2 point)

11. What is a hydrogen bond? (1/2 point)

12. List and briefly discuss the properties of water important to life. (2 points)

13. What is the pH scale and how is it used? What is the importance of a buffer to

living organisms? (1 point)

14. Distinguish between dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis. (1/2 point)

15. Name the building blocks of the following macromolecules: (2 points)

carbohydrates proteins nucleic acids lipids

16. What is the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated fatty acid? (1/2 point)

17. List the four possible levels of protein structure, and relate each structure to the

bonding pattern of proteins. (1 point)

18. Diagram the basic structure of an amino acid. (1 point)

19. Give two examples of a macromolecule of each of the following and explain its

importance to living organisms. (2 points)

Carbohydrate

Protein

Lipid

Nucleic Acid

20. What are the three basic tenets of the cell theory? (1 point)

22. Discuss the major differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. (1 point)

23. Briefly discuss cell size in terms of surface-to-volume relationships. (1/2 point)

24. How did the chloroplast and mitochondrion become part of the eukaryotic cell in

terms of endosymbiotic theory? (1 point)

25. Summarize the possible path a protein might take from the rough ER to the plasma

membrane and then outside the cell. (1/2 point)