Assigment .Apa seven . All instructions attached.

2

Assignment

Student’s Name

Institutional Affiliation

Professor’s Name

Course Name

Due Date

Diagnostic Assessment: The client is an 18-year-old male who has been exhibiting signs of depression and anxiety. The client has had at least two episodes of major depression, one of which is currently active. For the previous two weeks, the client's mood has been consistently low throughout the day, almost every day. The client also reports a marked decline in interest or pleasure in previously enjoyed activities, an increase or decrease in appetite, difficulty sleeping or excessive sleepiness, a slowing of psychomotor activity, extreme fatigue or lack of energy, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, trouble focusing, and frequent thoughts of death or suicidal ideation.

Diagnostic Classification: The DSM-5 TR diagnosis assigned to the client is Major Depressive Disorder, recurrent, moderate. The diagnostic code for this disorder is F33.2 (Liberman et al., 2022).

Diagnostic Criteria Sets: The patient has major depressive disorder as defined by the DSM-5 TR. The client has had serious depression on at least two separate occasions, with the most recent episode still ongoing. For the previous two weeks, the client's mood has been consistently low throughout the day, almost every day. The client also states that they have lost interest in or pleasure from previously enjoyed activities, their appetite has changed significantly, they have experienced either insomnia or hypersomnia, their psychomotor activity has slowed or they have lost energy, they have developed feelings of worthlessness or guilt, they have trouble focusing, and they have had frequent thoughts of death or suicidal ideation (Liberman et al., 2022).

Descriptive Text:

Diagnostic Features: The client has had serious depression on at least two separate occasions, with the most recent episode still ongoing. For the previous two weeks, the client's mood has been consistently low throughout the day, almost every day. The client also states that they have lost interest in or pleasure from previously enjoyed activities, their appetite has changed significantly, they have experienced either insomnia or hypersomnia, their psychomotor activity has slowed or they have lost energy, they have developed feelings of worthlessness or guilt, they have trouble focusing, and they have had frequent thoughts of death or suicidal ideation (Kennedy, 2022).

Associated Features Supporting Diagnosis: The client’s symptoms are consistent with other associated features of Major Depressive Disorder, such as feelings of hopelessness, social withdrawal, irritability, difficulty making decisions, and difficulty concentrating (Kennedy, 2022).

Subtypes and/or Specifiers: The client meets the criteria for the persistent type of Major Depressive Disorder, as the symptoms have been present for more than two months.

Prevalence: In any given year, 7.1% of the adult population in the United States has major depressive illness (Han et al., 2022).

Development and Course: The client has had two episodes of major depression, one of which is currently active. The onset of the first episode was approximately five years ago, and the client has experienced periods of remission interspersed with episodes of depression. The client reports that the severity of symptoms has been increasing over the past two years.

Risk and Prognostic Factors: The client's risk factors for Major Depressive Disorder include a family history of depression, a history of childhood trauma, and a recent stressful life event. The prognosis is positive with proper treatment, and the client has expressed a willingness to engage in psychotherapy and/or medication management (Kennedy, 2022).

Diagnostic Measures: A thorough assessment of the client's symptoms, including a mental status exam, was conducted to establish a diagnosis. The client's symptoms were also assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory (Kawilapat et al., 2022).

Functional Consequences: The client has reported that the depression has caused difficulty in work and interpersonal relationships. The client has also reported difficulty in completing daily tasks and an overall decrease in functioning.

Culture-Related Diagnostic Issues: The client's cultural background is not likely to have a significant impact on the diagnosis (Abdoli et al., 2021).

Gender-Related Diagnostic Issues: Women are nearly twice as likely as men to be diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (Luo et al., 2019). It is important to recognize that gender may have an influence on symptoms and experiences of depression, and to take this into account when making a diagnosis. The client's gender is not likely to have a significant impact on the diagnosis.

Differential Diagnosis: To make an accurate diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder, it is essential to rule out other possible diagnoses, such as bipolar disorder, adjustment disorder, and persistent depressive disorder (Abdoli et al., 2021).

Recording Procedures: The client's diagnosis, assessment, and treatment plan were recorded in the client's medical record (Luo et al., 2019).

References

Abdoli, N., Salari, N., Darvishi, N., Jafarpour, S., Solaymani, M., Mohammadi, M., & Shohaimi, S. (2021). The global prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) among the elderly: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.041

Han, B., Volkow, N. D., Blanco, C., Tipperman, D., Einstein, E. B., & Compton, W. M. (2022). Trends in Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking Among US Adults With Major Depression or Substance Use Disorders, 2006-2019. JAMA, 327(16), 1566. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2022.4790

Kawilapat, S., Maneeton, B., Maneeton, N., Prasitwattanaseree, S., Kongsuk, T., Arunpongpaisal, S., Leejongpermpoon, J., Sukhawaha, S., & Traisathit, P. (2022). Comparison of unweighted and item response theory-based weighted sum scoring for the Nine-Questions Depression-Rating Scale in the Northern Thai Dialect. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-022-01744-0

Kennedy, S. H. (2022). Core symptoms of major depressive disorder: relevance to diagnosis and treatment. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 10(3), 271–277. https://doi.org/10.31887/dcns.2008.10.3/shkennedy

Liberman, J. N., Pesa, J., Rui, P., Teeple, A., Lakey, S., Wiggins, E., & Ahmedani, B. (2022). Predicting Poor Outcomes Among Individuals Seeking Care for Major Depressive Disorder. Psychiatric Research and Clinical Practice, 4(4), 102–112. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.prcp.20220011

Luo, Z., Li, Y., Hou, Y., Liu, X., Jiang, J., Wang, Y., Liu, X., Qiao, D., Dong, X., Li, R., Wang, F., & Wang, C. (2019). Gender-specific prevalence and associated factors of major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder in a Chinese rural population: the Henan rural cohort study. BMC Public Health, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-8086-1