450 words short essay on Bollywood culture
40
MBIBE�03� 0(�oo-�40ã6/��Hmsdkkdbs�Khlhsdc�1/05
Mdv�BhmdlZr9�IntpmZk�ne�BnmsdlonpZpw�Ehkl�� Unktld�03�Mtladp�0
£Ð1/05ÐHmsdkkdbsÐKscÐ@qshbkd-ÐDmfkhrgÐk_mft_fd-Ðcnh9Ð0/-0275.mbhm-03-0-40]0
JDXVNQCR Ankkxvnnc rnes�onvdq mdn,khadq‘k gdfdlnmx Inrdog�Mxd hmcdodmcdms�ehklr
?RGUHM�H-�CDU?RTMC?Q?L Ptddm�LZpw�Tmhudprhsw�ne�Knmcnm
Aniiwvnnc‘r�rnes�onvdp9� ApZmchmf�sgd�mZshnm)� rtrsZhmhmf�Z�ldsZ,gdfdlnmw
?ARSQ?BS H� oqdrdms� lx� sgdnqx� ne� ‘� Zlds‘,gdfdlnmx&� sn� dw‘lhmd� sgd� ghdq‘qbgx� ne� cnlhm‘mbd� hm� Hmch‘m� bhmdl‘-� Sghr� bnmbdos� ‘rrdqsr� sg‘s� Ankkxvnnc� cnlhm‘sdr� Hmch‘m� bhmdl‘� ‘mc�btkstqd�vghkrs�adhmf�rtardquhdms�sn�‘�k‘qfdq�fkna‘k�Gnkkxvnnc�gdfdlnmx-�H�vhkk� hmudrshf‘sd�sgd�lds‘,gdfdlnmx&r�sgqdd�chrshmbshud�e‘bdsr�vhsghm�sgd�hmsdqm‘k�bnmsntqr� ne� Hmch‘m� bhmdl‘-� Sgd� ehqrs� ed‘stqd� hr� Ankkxvnnc&r� lnmnonkx� nudq� sgd� Hmch‘m� ehkl� hmctrsqx&r�lncdr�ne�oqnctbshnm)�chrsqhatshnm)�dwghahshnm�‘mc�b‘ohs‘k�fdmdq‘shnm-�Sgd� rdbnmc�hr�Ankkxvnnc&r�hcdnknfhb‘k�oqno‘f‘shnm�ne�‘�onrs,fkna‘khy‘shnm�l‘rsdq�m‘qq‘, shud� sgqntfg� hsr� qnkd� ‘r� m‘shnm‘k� btkstq‘k� rhfmhehdq� ne� Hmch‘&r� mdn,khadq‘k� stqm-� Sgd� sghqc�e‘bds�ne�sgd�lds‘,gdfdlnmx�hr�Ankkxvnnc&r�u‘khc‘shnm�ax�sgd�rs‘sd�‘r�‘m�hmrsqt, ldms�ne�rnes�onvdq�rhfmhexhmf�Ankkxvnnc&r�aq‘mchmf�‘r�m‘shnm‘k�‘mc�fkna‘k�bnllnc, hsx-� Hm� sgd� oqnbdrr)� H� onrhs� sgd� dldqfdmbd� ne� ‘� Mdv� V‘ud� ne� hmcdodmcdms� Hmch‘m� bhmdl‘� ‘r� ‘� bntmsdq,m‘qq‘shud� sn� Ankkxvnnc&r� ‘qshbtk‘shnm� ne� bnmrtldq� b‘ohs‘khrl-� Tkshl‘sdkx)�H�‘qftd�sg‘s�Ankkxvnnc&r�aq‘mc�ne�rnes�onvdq�hr�hmcdwhb‘k�ne�Hmch‘&r�sq‘m, rhshnm�sn�mdn,khadq‘khrl�‘mc�hmchb‘shud�ne�sgd�m‘shnm&r�‘fnmhrshb�‘qahsq‘shnm�adsvddm� sgd�sq‘chshnm‘k�‘mc�sgd�l‘sdqh‘k-
Inrdog�Mxd&r�’088/(�vdkk,jmnvm�bnmbdos�ne�rnes�onvdq�hr�k‘qfdkx�‘m�@ldqhb‘m� enqdhfm� onkhbx� aktdoqhms-� Mxd� qdbnlldmcr� hs� ‘r� ‘� snnk� enq� sgd� m‘shnm� sn� etkehk� hsr�hmsdqdrsr)�trhmf�odqrt‘rhnm�sn�vhm�nudq�nsgdq�m‘shnmr)�q‘sgdq�sg‘m�sgd�g‘qc�
?rguhm�H-�CduZrtmcZpZl
41� � Mdv�BhmdlZr9�IntpmZk�ne�BnmsdlonpZpw�Ehkl
onvdq�ne�lhkhs‘qx�aqtsd�enqbd�‘mc�dbnmnlhb�dla‘qfnr-�Sgd�rta,sdwst‘k�hlokh, b‘shnmr� ne� rnes� onvdq� ‘r� oqnontmcdc� ax� Mxd� g‘ud� ‘qft‘akx� du‘cdc� rths‘akd� kdudkr� ne� bqhshb‘k� rbgnk‘qkx� rbqtshmx-� Sghr� hr� ‘kk� sgd� lnqd� rsqhjhmf)� bnmrhcdqhmf� rnes� onvdq� ehmcr� oqnudm‘mbd� hm� _sgd� @ldqhb‘m� e‘hsg� sg‘s� nsgdq� odnokdr)� he� needqdc�sgd�bg‘mbd)�vhkk�unktms‘qhkx�‘cnos�onkhshb‘k�rxrsdlr�‘mc�u‘ktdr�bnmrhrs, dms�vhsg�sgnrd�ne�sgd�Tmhsdc�Rs‘sdr&�’@mcdqrnm�‘mc�B‘xsnm�1//49�313(-�
Sn�rnld�cdfqdd)�hm�sgdhq�bnmek‘shnm�ne�rnes�onvdq�vhsg�gdfdlnmx)�Fdq‘kcn� Y‘gq‘m� ‘mc� Kdnm‘qcn� Q‘lnr� ’1/0/9� 05(� ‘krn� bdmrtqd� rnes� onvdq� enq� adhmf� rs‘fm‘ms�‘mc�qdodshshud-�Hm�sghr�‘qshbkd)�H�vhkk�fn�etqsgdq�‘mc�oqnonrd�sg‘s�Mxd&r� lnmnkhsghb�@ldqhb‘,bdmsqhb�rnes�onvdq�lncdk�hr�oqnakdl‘shb�vgdm�tmhenqlkx� ‘ookhdc� sn� ‘� chr‘ffqdf‘sdc� bnmsdlonq‘qx� fkna‘k� fdnonkhshb‘k� bnmehftq‘shnm)� vgdqd� btkstqd)� dbnmnlhbr� ‘mc� hmenql‘shnm� sdbgmnknfx� hmsdqeknv� vhsg� rghes, hmf�hmsdqok‘xr�ne�onvdq-�Hm�sghr�qdf‘qc)�H�vhkk�cdlnmrsq‘sd�gnv�rnes�onvdq�b‘m� bnmrshstsd�‘�edqshkd�ehdkc�sn�rnv�sgd�rddcr�ne�cnlhm‘ms�m‘shnm‘k�m‘qq‘shudr�‘mc� btkshu‘sd�sgd�gdfdlnmx�ne�l‘inqhsx�btkstq‘k�enqlr)�nesdm�sgqntfg�sgd�dwbktrhnm� ne�nsgdq�‘ksdqm‘shud�‘qshrshb�‘qshbtk‘shnmr-�
Mxd� rs‘sdr� sg‘s� sgd� rnes� onvdq� ne� ‘� bntmsqx� cdodmcr� nm� sgqdd� qdrntqbdr9� hsr� btkstqd)� onkhshb‘k� u‘ktdr� ‘mc� enqdhfm� onkhbhdr� ’Y‘gq‘m� ‘mc� Q‘lnr� 1/0/9� 08:� G‘xcdm� 1/019� 18(-� Vghkrs� sghr� l‘x� ad� k‘qfdkx� u‘khc)� hs� hr� g‘qc� sn� hfmnqd� sg‘s� sgdrd�sgqdd�l‘hm�b‘sdfnqhdr�‘qd�mns�gdqldshb)�ats�b‘rb‘cd�hmsn�ltkshokd�hmsdq, qdk‘sdc)� tmbk‘rrheh‘akd� ‘mc� hlld‘rtq‘akd� oqnonrhshnmr-� Mxd� ‘krn� oqnbk‘hlr� sg‘s� _sgd� tmhudqr‘khrl� ne� ‘� bntmsqx&r� btkstqd� ‘mc� hsr� ‘ahkhsx� sn� drs‘akhrg� ‘� rds� ne� e‘unq‘akd� qtkdr� ‘mc� hmrshstshnmr� sg‘s� fnudqm� ‘qd‘r� ne� hmsdqm‘shnm‘k� ‘bshuhsx� ‘qd�bqhshb‘k�rntqbdr�ne�onvdq&�’Mxd�1//3‘9�46(-�Sghr�tmhudqr‘khrl�e‘untqdc�‘mc� oqdrbqhadc� ax� Mxd� hr� oqnakdl‘shb)� ‘mc� hmcddc� cdsqhldms‘k)� vgdm� sq‘mronrdc� sn�Hmch‘-�Sghr�hr�adb‘trd�Hmch‘�hr�‘m�hmm‘sdkx�ltksh,dsgmhb)�onkxfkns)�o‘msgdhrshb� ‘mc� ltkshbtkstq‘k� ‘ffknldq‘shnm� “� l‘mx� _lhbqn,m‘shnmr&� lntkcdc� hmsn� nmd� m‘shnm�rs‘sd-
Hm� sghr� rstcx)� H� vhkk� hcdmshex� sgd� hmbnmrhrsdmbhdr� ‘mc� dkkhordr� hm� sgd� rnes� onvdq� lncdk)� vgdm� rodbhehb‘kkx� ‘ookhdc� sn� Hmch‘&r� sq‘mrfkna‘k� bhmdl‘� aq‘mc� “� Ankkxvnnc)� sn� cdlnmrsq‘sd� gnv� hsr� rnes� onvdq)� ‘r� ‘� rtoonrdckx� admhfm� btkstq‘k� du‘mfdkhyhmf� ‘fdms)� b‘m� ‘krn� ‘bs� ‘r� ‘� ldbg‘mhrl� sn� bkn‘j)� m‘stq‘khyd� ‘mc�dmsqdmbg�dmcnfdmntr�rxrsdlr�ne�btkstq‘k�cnlhm‘mbd�‘mc�gdfdlnmx-�
@r� Hmch‘&r� cnlhm‘ms� l‘hmrsqd‘l� ehkl� hmctrsqx)� Ankkxvnnc� g‘r� adbnld� ‘� axvnqc)�mns�nmkx�enq�sgd�dmshqdsx�ne�Hmch‘m�bhmdl‘)�ats�hmcddc�‘m�‘kk,dmbnl, o‘rrhmf� rhfmhehdq� enq� Hmch‘m� ldch‘)� ‘qsr� ‘mc� btkstqd-� Sghr� ‘rrdqshnm� bntkc� ad� hkktrsq‘sdc� vhsg� ‘� sq‘mrchrbhokhm‘qx)� sq‘mrfkna‘k� ‘m‘knfx-� Qtfax� Tmhnm� hr� bnmrhcdqdc� Mdv� Yd‘k‘mc&r� cd� e‘bsn� m‘shnm‘k� ronqs� cdrohsd� sgdqd� adhmf� mn� hcdmsheh‘akd�oqnudm‘mbd�enq�sgd�onvdq�chrbntqrd�sg‘s�mnql‘khydr�‘mc�chrrdlh, m‘sdr�sghr�otqonqsdckx�s‘bhs�sqtsg�’L‘qjtk‘�‘mc�Oqhmfkd�1//59�26(-�H�vhkk�ad‘q�hm� lhmc�Entb‘tks&r�qdktbs‘mbd�sn�hcdmshex�rodbhehb�bnqqhcnqr�sgqntfg�vghbg�onvdq� nodq‘sdr)�‘mc�bnmrdptdmskx)�ghr�odmbg‘ms�enq�kdsshmf�onvdq�chrbntqrdr�qdl‘hm� rgqntcdc�hm�‘lahfthsx-�Hm�sgd�bnmsdws�ne�sghr�‘m‘kxrhr)�H�oqnonrd�‘�lnqd�oq‘f, l‘shb)� adronjd� lncdk� sn� bkd‘qkx� cdkhmd‘sd� sgd� l‘bghm‘shnmr� ne� Ankkxvnnc&r� rnes�onvdq�chrbntqrd�‘mc�hsr�‘oo‘qdms�hmbnmsdrs‘ahkhsx�hm�Hmch‘-�
H� cdlnmrsq‘sd� gnv� Ankkxvnnc� hr� kdfhshlhydc� ‘r� ‘� m‘shnm‘k� rnes� onvdq� aq‘mc� ax� chrbtqrhud� ‘fdmsr� hmbktchmf� sgd� rs‘sd)� bnqonq‘shnmr� ‘mc� l‘hmrsqd‘l� ldch‘-� Gnvdudq)� sghr� oqnbdrr� ‘krn� hmunkudr� bhuhk� rnbhdsx&r� bnlokhbhsx� sn� _ansg� rtalhs�sn�‘mc�dwdqbhrd�sghr�onvdq&�’Entb‘tks�1//29�18(-�
Hs�hr�hlonqs‘ms�sn�mnsd)�vgdqd�sgdqd�hr�onvdq)�sgdqd�hr�qdrhrs‘mbd�nq�bntm, sdq,m‘qq‘shudr-�H�vhkk�rtardptdmskx�qdud‘k�gnv�sgd�dldqfdmbd�ne�‘�Mdv�V‘ud�
Ankkwvnnc‘r�rnes�onvdp
vvv-hmsdkkdbsannir-bnl� � 42
ne� ‘ksdqm‘shud� Hmch‘m� _Hmchd&� bhmdl‘)� o‘qshbtk‘qkx� rhmbd� 1/0/� ’Cdu‘rtmc‘q‘l� 1/05()� hr� bg‘kkdmfhmf� Ankkxvnnc&r� lnmn,btkstq‘k� aq‘mchmf� ne� sgd� m‘shnm-� Onrhshnmhmf� sgdlrdkudr� ‘r� ‘m� ‘mshcnsd� sn� Ankkxvnnc)� sgdrd� Hmchdr� ‘qd� k‘qfdkx� tqa‘m� ehklr� vhsg� tmbnmudmshnm‘k)� rnbhn,onkhshb‘k� rsnqxkhmdr)� l‘cd� hm� ‘� lhw� ne� Dmfkhrg)�Ghmch�‘mc�nsgdq�qdfhnm‘k�k‘mft‘fdr-�Sgdx�‘qd�btqqdmskx�vhsmdrrhmf�‘� atqfdnmhmf�oqdrdmbd�‘s�sgd�m‘shnm‘k�kdudk�hm�Hmch‘�‘mc�‘qd�hmbqd‘rhmfkx�uhrhakd� nm�sgd�hmsdqm‘shnm‘k�ehkl�edrshu‘k�bhqbths-�
LDS?,GDFDLNMX Hs� hr� vnqsg� nardquhmf� sg‘s� sgd� mnshnm� ne� rnes� onvdq� hsrdke� g‘r� fqnvm� hmsn� ‘� bnmbdost‘k� fq‘mc� m‘qq‘shud)� ‘mc� ‘jhm� sn� Ankkxvnnc� ’‘mc� Qtfax� Tmhnm()� hr� s‘jdm� ‘s� e‘bd� u‘ktd� ‘r� ‘� rdke,duhcdms� sqtsg-� Sghr� hr� mnsvhsgrs‘mchmf� sgd� e‘bs� sg‘s� rnes� onvdq� cndr� mns� rnkdkx� nodq‘sd� ‘r� sgd� ‘kk,dmbnlo‘rrhmf� tmhudqr‘kkx� qdoqnctbhakd�lncdk�otqonqsdc�ax�Mxd-�@jhm�sn�hsr�oqnfdmhsnq�‘mc�hmrdo‘q‘akd� bnlo‘mhnm�“�onvdq)�rnes�onvdq)�hm�nqcdq�sn�ad�deedbshud)�mddcr�sn�ad�ekthc�‘mc� b‘ohkk‘qx� hm� ‘bshnm-� Hs� ltrs� eknv� ‘mc� vd‘ud� hmchrbqhlhm‘sdkx� hmsn� l‘bqn� ‘mc� lhbqn�kdudkr�ne�chrbntqrd)�‘bqnrr�fkna‘k)�m‘shnm‘k)�qdfhnm‘k�‘mc�knb‘k�fdnonkhsh, b‘k� sdqq‘hmr-� Enq� Mxd� sgntfg)� rnes� onvdq� hr� rhlokx� rxmnmxlntr� vhsg� _rs‘sdr&� dwdqbhrd� ne� onvdq� ‘aqn‘c&� ’Adkk� 1/049� 4()� k‘qfdkx� hfmnqhmf� hmmdq,vnqjhmfr� vhsghm�m‘shnm‘k�antmc‘qhdr-�Ankkxvnnc�dwdlokhehdr�gnv�sgd�rnes�onvdq�s‘f�b‘m� ad� trdc� sn� naetrb‘sd� gdfdlnmhb� enqbdr� sg‘s� hmgdqd� hm� hsr� nrsdmrhakx� admhfm� aktdoqhms)� sgdqdax� rtaitf‘shmf� ‘ksdqm‘shud� btkstq‘k� dwoqdrrhnmr� ‘mc� o‘q‘k, kdk� m‘qq‘shnmr)� ansg� vhsghm� ‘mc� vhsgnts� m‘shnm-� H� vhkk� mnv� dwoknqd� sghr� sgdrhr� sgqntfg�lx�lncdk�ne�‘�_lds‘,gdfdlnmx&:�ots�rhlokx)�gdfdlnmx�dmbhqbkdc�ax� k‘qfdq�gdfdlnmhdr�enqlhmf�‘m�‘mmtk‘q�ghdq‘qbgx�ne�gdfdlnmhdr-�
@r� Hmch‘&r� ots‘shud� btkstq‘k� onsdms‘sd� ‘mc� dohsnld� ne� Hmch‘m� rnes� onvdq)� Ankkxvnnc� hr� rshkk� cddldc� rtarhch‘qx� sn� Gnkkxvnnc&r� k‘qfdq� dbnmnlhb� ‘mc� hmeq‘rsqtbstq‘k� cnlhm‘shnm� ne� sgd� fkna‘k� ehkl� hmctrsqx-� Gnvdudq)� Ankkxvnnc� dwdqbhrdr� hsr� nvm� hmsdqm‘k� gdfdlnmx� nudq� sgd� ltkshokd� nsgdq� enqlr� ne� bhmdl‘� hm� Hmch‘-� Sn� ‘� rhfmhehb‘ms� dwsdms)� sgd� fkna‘k� bnmbdmsqhb� bhqbkdr� ne� bhmd, l‘shb� onvdq� qhookd� ‘bqnrr� qdfhnm‘k� ‘mc� knb‘k� kdudkr-� Enq� dw‘lokd)� rhlhk‘q� sn� Ankkxvnnc&r� hmektdmsh‘k� hmsdqm‘shnm‘k� ‘mc� m‘shnm‘k� oqdrdmbd)� sgd� ahf� onvdq, gntrdr� ne� bnlldqbh‘k� qdfhnm‘k,k‘mft‘fd� Rntsg� Hmch‘m� bhmdl‘9� sgd� S‘lhk)� Sdktft)� L‘k‘x‘k‘l� ‘mc� J‘mm‘c‘� l‘hmrsqd‘l� hmctrsqhdr)� ‘rrdqs� sgdhq� nvm� cnlhm‘mbd� nudq� rl‘kk,atcfds� udqm‘btk‘q� hmcdodmcdms� ‘mc� ‘qsgntrd� ehklr� hm� sgdhq�qdrodbshud�rs‘sdr-
Sgd� Hmch‘m� bnmsdws� ne� sgd� bhmdl‘� lds‘,gdfdlnmx� oqdrhcdc� nudq� ax� Ankkxvnnc)�bnms‘hmr�sgqdd�chldmrhnmr-�Sgd�ehqrs�‘rodbs�hr�Ankkxvnnc&r�lnmno, nkx�ne�sgd�Hmch‘m�ehkl�hmctrsqx&r�lncdr�ne�oqnctbshnm)�chrsqhatshnm)�dwghahshnm� ‘mc�b‘ohs‘k�fdmdq‘shnm-�Sgd�rdbnmc�ed‘stqd�hlokhb‘sdr�Ankkxvnnc�ehklr�hm�sgd� hcdnknfhb‘k� oqno‘f‘shnm� ne� ‘� lnmnkhsghb� onrs,fkna‘khy‘shnm� l‘rsdq� m‘qq‘shud� sg‘s�etrdr�bnmrtldq�b‘ohs‘khrl�‘mc�‘eektdmbd�vhsg�o‘sqh‘qbgx)�fdmcdqdc�qnkdr)� Ghmct�qdkhfhntr�m‘shnm‘khrl�‘mc�_sq‘chshnm‘k�Hmch‘m�u‘ktdr&-�Sghr�itws‘onrhshnm� ne� fkna‘khy‘shnm� ‘mc� sq‘chshnm� hr� bn,nosdc� hmsn� Ankkxvnnc&r� qnkd� ‘r� m‘shnm‘k� btkstq‘k� rhfmhehdq� ne� Hmch‘&r� mdv� mdn,khadq‘k� m‘qq‘shud-� Sgd� sghqc� e‘bds� ne� sgd� lds‘,gdfdlnmx� hr� sgd� Hmch‘m� rs‘sd&r� u‘khc‘shnm� ne� Ankkxvnnc� ‘r� ‘m� hmrsqt, ldms� ne� m‘shnm‘k� rnes� onvdq)� neehbh‘kkx� aq‘mchmf� Ankkxvnnc� ‘r� ‘� m‘shnm‘k� ‘mc� fkna‘k�bnllnchsx-�H�vhkk�mnv�dwoknqd�d‘bg�chldmrhnm�ne�sgd�lds‘,gdfdlnmx)� dwoknqhmf�gnv�sgd�aq‘mchmf�ne�Ankkxvnnc�‘r�Hmch‘m�rnes�onvdq�roqd‘cr�‘bqnrr� dbnmnlhb)�hcdnknfhb‘k�‘mc�onkhshb‘k�kdudkr-
?rguhm�H-�CduZrtmcZpZl
43� � Mdv�BhmdlZr9�IntpmZk�ne�BnmsdlonpZpw�Ehkl
CNLHM?SHMF�SGD�CNNQV?XR�SN�ETMCHMF)�CHRSQHATSHNM�?MC� DWGHAHSHNM Sgd� onvdq� qdk‘shnmr� hmunkuhmf� rs‘sd� ‘mc� mnm,rs‘sd� ‘bsnqr� dms‘hk� ansg� _rsqtb, stqdr� ne� e‘bhkhs‘shnm� ‘mc� bnmrsq‘hms� sn� ‘bbdrr� qdrntqbdr&� ‘r� vdkk� ‘r� _sn� bnmsqnk� sgd�‘bbdrr�sn�‘mc�qdrntqbdr�‘u‘hk‘akd�hm�‘�rnbhdsx&�’O‘msni‘�1//19�028(-�Sghr�hr� ‘oskx�cdlnmrsq‘sdc�hm�‘m�Hmch‘m�bhmdl‘shb.btkstq‘k�bnmsdws�hm�sgd�ehqrs�oqnon, rhshnm�ne�lds‘,gdfdlnmx)�vgdqd�Ankkxvnnc�k‘qfdkx�cnlhm‘sdr�lncdr�ne�ehkl� etmchmf)�chrsqhatshnm�‘mc�dwghahshnm-�Sghr�hr�l‘cd�onrrhakd�sgqntfg�sgd�hmctr, sqx&r�hmektdmbd�nudq�hmeq‘rsqtbstq‘k�‘mc�knfhrshb‘k�oq‘fl‘shbr)�‘bghdudc�sgqntfg� ‘�lnmnonkx�ne�sgd�bhmdl‘�ltkshokdw�ro‘bd)�rsq‘sdfhb�‘eehkh‘shnmr�vhsg�bnqonq‘sd� oqnctbshnm�gntrdr�‘mc�vhcdq�‘bbdrr�sn�fkna‘k�chrsqhatshnm�bnmcthsr-�
Ankkxvnnc� fdmdq‘sdr� ‘klnrs� g‘ke� ne� ‘kk� dbnmnlhb� qdudmtd� hm� Hmch‘&r� ehkll‘jhmf� hmctrsqx-� Sghr� hr� cdrohsd� sgd� qdk‘shudkx� rl‘kk� oqnonqshnm� ne� Ankkxvnnc� qdkd‘rdr� bnlo‘qdc� sn� sgd� ltkshokd� qdfhnm‘k� udqm‘btk‘q� ehkl� hmctrsqhdr� hm� @mcgq‘� Oq‘cdrg)� S‘lhk� M‘ct)� J‘qm‘s‘j‘� ‘mc� Jdq‘k‘� ’J‘lhmrjx� ‘mc� Knmf� 1/009� 136ß37(-� Ankkxvnnc� ‘bbntmsr� enq� nmkx� ‘qntmc� 1//�’Ctcq‘g�1/019�0(�ne�sgd�00//�ehklr�oqnctbdc�hm�Hmch‘�d‘bg�xd‘q:�‘�sns‘k� ntsots� ‘klnrs� svhbd� sgd� mtladq� oqnctbdc� hm� Gnkkxvnnc� ’Btqqhc,G‘kjdss� 1/049�070(-�Ankkxvnnc&r�anw,neehbd�cnlhm‘mbd�hm�Hmch‘�hr�‘ssqhats‘akd�sn�sgd� dwo‘mrhud� ‘tchdmbdr� hs� bnll‘mcr-� Vghkrs� sghr� qdekdbsr� Ankkxvnnc&r� onot, k‘qhsx)� hs� ‘krn� fdrstqdr� snv‘qcr� sghr� l‘hmrsqd‘l� hmctrsqx&r� odqu‘rhud� oqdr, dmbd� hm� bhmdl‘r)� o‘qshbtk‘qkx� hsr� cnlhm‘shnm� ne� sgd� tqa‘m� Hmch‘m� ltkshokdw� ro‘bd� ’@sghptd� ‘mc� Ghkk� 1/0/9� 1/2(-� Sghr� cnlhm‘mbd� bnmrsqhbsr� sgd� o‘sg, v‘x� sn� dwghahshnm� ne� mnm,l‘hmrsqd‘l� hmcdodmcdms� ehklr-� Sgd� l‘hmrsqd‘l� hmctrsqx&r� bnqmdqhmf� ne� dwghahshnm� ntskdsr� dwsdmcr� sn� hsr� rtoqdl‘bx� nudq� rntqbdr�ne�ehkl�etmchmf-�
Ankkxvnnc&r� rsq‘sdfhb� ‘kkh‘mbdr� vhsg� ltkshm‘shnm‘k� ldch‘� oqnctb, shnm� gntrdr� ’@sghptd� 1/019� 030()� rtbg� ‘r� Uh‘bnl� 07)� Qtodqs� Ltqcnbg&r� Hmch‘,a‘rdc� Enw� Rs‘q� Rstchnr)� ‘mc� gnld,fqnvm� bnmfknldq‘sdr� Qdkh‘mbd� Dmsdqs‘hmldms�‘mc�Dqnr�Hmsdqm‘shnm‘k)�hmchb‘sdr�sgd�l‘hmrsqd‘l�ehkl�hmctr, sqx&r� fqd‘sdq� ‘bbdrr� sn� b‘ohs‘k-� Ankkxvnnc&r� bnqonq‘sd� khmjr� ‘krn� dmrtqd� ‘� aqn‘c,a‘rdc� fkna‘k� chrsqhatshnm� mdsvnqj)� ‘r� qdekdbsdc� ax� Dqnr� Hmsdqm‘shnm‘k� s‘oohmf� hmsn� l‘qjdsr� hm� sgd� Tmhsdc� Rs‘sdr)� Tmhsdc� Jhmfcnl)� B‘m‘c‘)� @trsq‘kh‘)�@eqhb‘�‘mc�Tmhsdc�@q‘a�Dlhq‘sdr�’Bg‘qx�1//89�6/(-�Sgdrd�e‘bsnqr)� dlog‘rhyd� Ankkxvnnc&r� cnlhm‘mbd)� drodbh‘kkx� bnmrhcdqhmf� sgd� hmctrsqx� nodq‘sdr� eqnl� ‘� rhmfkd� bhsx� ß� Ltla‘h)� ‘mc� lnqd� nq� kdrr� l‘jdr� ehklr� hm� ‘� rnkhs‘qx�k‘mft‘fd�“�Ghmch-�Hm�‘�onkxfkns�m‘shnm)�sghr�k‘ssdq�ed‘stqd�hr�‘�rsq‘sd, fhb�_onkhshb‘k�rs‘sdldms&�hm�khmd�vhsg�_M‘shnm‘khrsr�Zrhb[�bnllhssdc�sn�Ghmch�‘r� ‘� m‘shnm‘k� k‘mft‘fd&� ’J‘lhmrjx� ‘mc� Knmf� 1/009� 136(-� Sghr� gnlnfdmhyhmf)� nmd,rhyd,ehsr,‘kk� sdlok‘sd� qdmcdqr� Ankkxvnnc� ‘m� hcd‘k� oqnonmdms� ne� Mxd&r� tmhudqr‘k� rnes� onvdq� lncdk)� vghbg� hr� cdrhfmdc� sn� nudqknnj� hmsdqm‘k� chuh, rhnmr� ‘mc� sdmrhnmr� vhsghm� m‘shnmr-� Ankkxvnnc&r� nudq‘qbghmf� ‘mc� rtartl, hmf� lnqognknfx)� atssqdrrdc� ax� hsr� ‘kkh‘mbd� vhsg� dbnmnlhb‘kkx� dmcnvdc� bnqonq‘shnmr� ‘mc� ehm‘mbhdqr)� fq‘msr� sgd� l‘hmrsqd‘l� hmctrsqx� ‘m� dcfd� nudq� nsgdq� Hmch‘m� bhmdl‘� enqlr� eqnl� sgd� ntsrds-� Sghr� dbnmnlhb� ‘cu‘ms‘fd� b‘m� ad� sq‘bdc� a‘bj� sn� sgd� d‘qkx� 088/r� ‘mc� Hmch‘&r� dmsqx� hmsn� sgd� eqdd� l‘qjds� rxrsdl-� Hs� hr� hmsdqdrshmf� sn� mnsd� sgd� sdlonq‘k� bnmshfthsx� adsvddm� Mxd&r� bnhm‘fd� ‘mc� chrrdlhm‘shnm� ne� sgd� sdql� rnes� onvdq� ’088/ß80()� Hmch‘&r� enq‘x� hmsn� eqdd� l‘qjds� khadq‘khy‘shnm� hm� 0880)� ‘mc� sgd� ‘rbdmcdmbx� ne� sgd� lnmhjdq� _Ankkxvnnc&� ‘r� ‘� o‘m,fkna‘k� hcdmshehdq� enq� onotk‘q� ’‘mc� hmcddc� ‘kk(� Hmch‘m� bhmdl‘-�Sgd�nudqk‘oohmf�shldkhmdr�ne�sgdrd�dudmsr�l‘x�‘ood‘q�bnhmbhcdms‘k)�
Ankkwvnnc‘r�rnes�onvdp
vvv-hmsdkkdbsannir-bnl� � 44
ats�hs�vntkc�ad�rgnqs,rhfgsdc�mns�sn�rons�sgd�khmjr�adsvddm�sgd�aq‘mc,athkc, hmf� ne� Ankkxvnnc� ‘mc� sgd� Hmch‘m� fnudqmldms&r� khadq‘khyhmf� rsq‘sdfx� hm� sgd� 088/r)�o‘qshbtk‘qkx�sgqntfg�‘m�‘rrhctntr�bntqshmf�ne�ch‘ronqhb�mnm,qdrhcdms� Hmch‘m�’MQH(�hmudrsldms-�
Ctqhmf�sgd�d‘qkx�088/r)�hm�‘cchshnm�sn�vnnhmf�MQH�b‘ohs‘k)�sgd�Hmch‘m�rs‘sd� qdrhkdc�eqnl�hsr�rnbh‘khrs�bnmrshstshnm‘k�aktdoqhms�‘mc�sgqdv�nodm�sgd�m‘shnm&r� eknncf‘sdr� sn� enqdhfm� bnqonq‘sd� hmudrsldms)� nudqqhchmf� ‘� onrs,hmcdodmcdmbd� onkhbx�ne�v‘qhmdrr)�he�mns�‘msho‘sgx)�snv‘qcr�ltkshm‘shnm‘k�bnqonq‘shnmr-
Ankkxvnnc� rdhydc� sgd� noonqstmhsx� sn� ‘mmd‘k� bnmmdbshnmr� vhsg� bhqbthsr� ne� onvdq)� hmektdmbd� ‘mc� lnmdx-� Sghr� v‘r� itws‘onrdc� vhsg� sgd� Hmch‘m� rs‘sd� odqbdhuhmf� sgd� bnlldqbh‘k� Ghmch� ehkl� hmctrsqx&r� onsdmsh‘k� ‘r� ‘� btkstq‘k� bnllnchsx� ‘mc� tmhudqr‘k� rdkkhmf� onhms-� Sghr� bnmrnkhc‘sdc� Ankkxvnnc&r� onrh, shnm�‘s�sgd�‘odw�ne�lncdqm�Hmch‘m�bhmdl‘�‘mc�btkstqd�‘mc�k‘qfdkx�enql‘khydc� sgd�lds‘,gdfdlnmx�hm�Hmch‘-�
Ankkxvnnc�‘krn�cnlhm‘sdr�sgd�lnc‘khshdr�ne�dwghahshnm�‘mc�chrsqhatshnm�hm� sgd� Hmch‘m� tqa‘m� bhmdl‘shb� ro‘bd-� Sghr� hr� o‘qshbtk‘qkx� duhcdms� hm� sgd� odqu‘, rhud�ltkshokdw�btkstqd)�mnv�‘�bg‘q‘bsdqhrshb�ed‘stqd�ne�bnrlnonkhydr�hmbktchmf� Ltla‘h)� Cdkgh)� A‘mf‘knqd� ‘mc� Jnkj‘s‘-� Bnmbnlhs‘ms� vhsg� khadq‘khy‘shnm)� sgd� qhrd� ne� ltkshokdwdr� hm� sgd� d‘qkx� 088/r)� duhmbdc� gnod� ‘lnmfrs� hmcdodmcdms)� qdfhnm‘k�‘mc�udqm‘btk‘q�ehkll‘jdqr)�vgn�r‘v�hm�sghr�rhltks‘mdntr�rbqddmhmf� rsqtbstqd)� ‘m� ‘ksdqm‘shud� bg‘mmdk� ne� dwghahshnm-� Gnvdudq)� sghr� noshlhrl� v‘r� chrl‘mskdc� ax� ltkshokdwdr� bkd‘qkx� e‘untqhmf� Ankkxvnnc� aknbjatrsdqr� hm� sgdhq� oqhbhmf)�rbgdctkhmf�‘mc�oqnfq‘llhmf�rsqtbstqdr-�
@s� sgd� enqdeqnms� ne� sghr� rxrsdl� k‘qfdkx� rjdvdc� hm� e‘untq� ne� Ankkxvnnc� hr� Hmch‘&r�cnlhm‘ms�ltkshokdw�bg‘hm)�OUQ�Ksc-�Vhsg�eq‘mbghrdr�‘bqnrr�sgd�bntmsqx� OUQ�oqdrhcdr�nudq�sgd�ltkshokdw�ro‘bd-�@ksgntfg�OUQ�bk‘hlr�sn�e‘bhkhs‘sd�dwgh, ahshnm� ne� hmcdodmcdms� ‘qsgntrd� ehklr� hm� ‘cchshnm� sn� Ankkxvnnc)� sgd� ltkshokdw� bg‘hm� g‘r� addm� bqhshbhydc� enq� hsr� chroqnonqshnm‘sd� oqhbhmf� rxrsdl� sg‘s� bg‘qfdr� sgd�r‘ld�‘clhrrhnm�oqhbd�enq�‘�Ankkxvnnc�aknbjatrsdq�‘mc�‘�knv,atcfds�Hmchd� ’Cdu‘rtmc‘q‘l� 1/03)� 1/05(-� OUQ� ‘kknb‘sdr� ‘� rdo‘q‘sd� rbqddmhmf� rkns� b‘kkdc� _Chqdbsnq&r�Q‘qd&)�vghbg�otqonqsr�sn�rbqddm�dwbktrhudkx�mnm,l‘hmrsqd‘l�Hmchd� ehklr-�Gnvdudq)�sghr�hmhsh‘shud�k‘qfdkx�e‘hkr�sn�‘bghdud�hsr�rs‘sdc�‘hlr)�nvhmf�sn� rdudq‘k�nrsdmrhakx�rdke,cded‘shmf�onkhbhdr-�
Ehqrs)�shbjdsr�enq�‘�Chqdbsnq&r�Q‘qd�ehkl�b‘m�bnrs�sgd�dpthu‘kdms�ne�z0/)�deedb, shudkx� otsshmf� mdv� hmcdodmcdms� mnm,Ankkxvnnc� ehklr� nts� ne� sgd� dbnmnlhb� qd‘bg� ne� knvdq,hmbnld� fqntor)� o‘qshbtk‘qkx� rstcdmsr-� Rdbnmckx)� Hmchd� ehklr� vghbg� lnrskx� bnms‘hm� snohb‘k� rnbhn,onkhshb‘k� sgdldr� ‘qd� rtaidbs� sn� ‘qahsq‘qx� rbqddmhmf� rbgdctkdr� ‘mc� ‘qd� kh‘akd� sn� ad� qdlnudc� eqnl� sgd� oqnfq‘lld� ‘esdq� nmd� nq� svn� c‘xr-� Sghr� hr� o‘qshbtk‘qkx� sqtd� ne� Hmchd� ehklr� vhsg� bnmsqnudqrh‘k� nq� onkhshb‘kkx� rdmrhshud� snohbr� rtbg� ‘r� @‘lhq� A‘rghq&r� G‘qtc� ’1/0/()� qdoqdrdms, hmf� sgd� Hmch‘m� ‘qlx&r� rtooqdrrhnm� ne� bhuhk� qhfgsr� hm� sgd� sqntakd,snqm� J‘rglhq� qdfhnm-� Nsgdq� odqshmdms� dw‘lokdr� ‘qd� O‘ohkhn� Atccg‘� ’1/02(� ‘mc� hsr� onqsq‘x‘k� ne� onkhbd� uhnkdmbd� ‘f‘hmrs� Jdq‘k‘&r� qtq‘k� _knvdq,b‘rsd&� C‘khs� bnlltmhsx)� ‘mc� Nmhq&r�H�?l�’1/0/()�dmf‘fhmf�vhsg�sgd�qdoqdrrhnm�ne�Hmch‘&r�KFASP�bnllt, mhsx-�Hm�‘cchshnm�sn�sgd�qhrj�ne�adhmf�rvhodc�‘rhcd�sn�l‘jd�v‘x�enq�Ankkxvnnc� aknbjatrsdqr)� ltkshokdwdr� nesdm� rbqddm� hmcdodmcdms� nq� ‘qsgntrd� ehklr� ‘s� hmbnmudmhdms� ‘mc� tmuh‘akd� shldr:� ctqhmf� vnqjhmf� vddjc‘xr� ‘s� ‘� 4-2/� o-l-� rkns)�etqsgdq�‘ssdmt‘shmf�sgd�oqnrodbshud�‘tchdmbd�onnk�’Cdu‘rtmc‘q‘l�1/05(-�
Sgdrd� rsqtbstq‘k� chro‘qhshdr� hm� sgd� Hmch‘m� ehkl� dwghahshnm� ehql‘ldms� rddl� chroqnonqshnm‘sdkx�rs‘bjdc�‘f‘hmrs�sgd�mnm,Ankkxvnnc�hmcdodmcdms�ehkll‘j, hmf�rdbsnqr-�Mnsvhsgrs‘mchmf�sghr�hla‘k‘mbd)�Hmch‘&r�btkstq‘k�rnes�onvdq�m‘qq‘, shud� bnmshmtdr� sn� ad� rotm� vhsg� ‘� uhdv� sn� sgd� rsq‘sdfhb� qdsdmshnm� ne� dwhrshmf�
?rguhm�H-�CduZrtmcZpZl
45� � Mdv�BhmdlZr9�IntpmZk�ne�BnmsdlonpZpw�Ehkl
onvdq� qdk‘shnmr� ‘mc� sgd� btkstq‘k� rs‘str� ptn)� o‘qshbtk‘qkx� ‘s� sgd� adgdrs� ne� fnudqmldms�qdoqdrdms‘shudr�‘mc�sgd�bnqonq‘sd�u‘mft‘qc-�Hm�sgd�Hmch‘m�Ldch‘� ‘mc�Dmsdqs‘hmldms�Hmctrsqx�Qdonqs�1/04)�bnlohkdc�ax�sgd�Edcdq‘shnm�ne�Hmch‘m� Bg‘ladqr�ne�Bnlldqbd�‘mc�Hmctrsqx�’EHBBH(�ß�‘m�‘rrnbh‘shnm�ne�Hmch‘m�atrh, mdrr�nqf‘mhy‘shnmr)�Uhi‘x�Rhmfg)�BDN�ne�Enw�Rs‘q�Rstchnr�rs‘sdr9
Zs[gd�ehkl�eq‘sdqmhsx�%�sgd�fnudqmldms�mddc�sn�vnqj�snfdsgdq�sn�tmkd‘rg� sgd� rnes� onvdq� ne� Hmch‘m� ehklr-� Sgd� ehkl� hmctrsqx� cdehmdr� sgd� onotk‘q� btkstqd�ne�ntq�bntmsqx�%�mddcr�sn�ad�mtqstqdc�rn�sg‘s�hs�qdl‘hmr�uhrhakd--- hmbdmshudr� mddc� sn� ad� fhudm� sn� oqnlnsd� sgd� rdsto� ne� lnqd� ltkshokdwdr� ‘r�ntq�rbqddm�cdmrhsx�qdl‘hmr�udqx�knv-�Vd�mddc�sn�hloqnud�sgd�d‘rd�ne� cnhmf� atrhmdrr� ‘mc� oqnuhcd� hmbdmshudr� sn� ehkl� l‘jdqr� khjd� nsgdq� bntm, sqhdr�rtbg�‘r�Rntsg�@eqhb‘)�T@D�dsb-
’Rhmfg�1/049�56(
Rs‘sdldmsr� rtbg� ‘r� sgdrd� bnmek‘sd� bnqonq‘sd� knfhb� ‘mc� b‘ohs‘k� hmudrsldms� vhsg� btkstqd)� bhmdl‘)� ‘mc� tkshl‘sdkx)� vhsg� m‘shnm‘k� hcdmshsx-� Sgdx� ‘qd� o‘qs� ne� ‘� mnql‘khyhmf� oqnbdrr� ne� _dpt‘shmf� m‘shnmr� sn� aq‘mcr� ‘mc� ‘cnoshmf� atrhmdrr� l‘m‘fdldms�oqhmbhokdr�hm�m‘shnm‘k�fnudqm‘mbd&�’J‘mdu‘�1//89�m-o-(-�
Sghr� aq‘mchmf� ne� sgd� m‘shnm� b‘m� ad� khmjdc� vhsg� sgd� hmbqd‘rhmf� bnqonq‘sh, y‘shnm� oqnbdrr� hm� Hmch‘)� vgnrd� l‘bghm‘shnmr� ‘qd� mns� qdrsqhbsdc� sn� sgd� Hmch‘m� dbnmnlx�ats�dwsdmc�sn�sgd�rnbh‘k)�btkstq‘k�‘mc�otakhb�rogdqdr-�Sghr�bnqonq‘sd� bnmehftq‘shnm�hmchb‘sdr9
‘�mdv�ldch‘rb‘od�hm�vghbg�bnllnm�bnqonq‘sd�ronmrnqrghor)�aq‘mchmf)� ‘mc� rg‘qdc� l‘qjdsr� ‘mc� ‘tchdmbdr� g‘ud� aktqqdc� cheedqdmbdr� adsvddm� b‘lo‘hfmr)� ‘cudqshrdldmsr)� sdkduhrhnm� rgnvr)� q‘chn� oqnfq‘lldr� ‘mc� ehklr)� ‘kk� ne� vghbg� s‘qfds� sgd� r‘ld� rdbshnm� ne� lhcckd,bk‘rr� bnmrtldq, bhshydmr-
’Bg‘jq‘u‘qsh�1/029�33(
Ankkxvnnc� hr� ‘s� sgd� btkstq‘k� u‘mft‘qc� ne� sghr� m‘shnm‘k� bnqonq‘sd� qdaq‘mchmf� dmsdqoqhrd-� Ankkxvnnc&r� fkna‘k� eq‘mbghrhehb‘shnm� ‘r� Hmch‘m� rnes� onvdq� ‘mc� sgd� ehkl�hmctrsqx&r�‘tsgnqhs‘qh‘m�rv‘x�nudq�m‘shnm‘k�mdsvnqjr�ne�bhmdl‘shb�b‘ohs‘k� fdmdq‘shnm� q‘hrdr� ‘� ptdrshnm� odqshmdms� sn� sghr� ‘qshbkd&r� rbqtshmx� ne� rnes� onvdq-� Hr�sgd�g‘qc�onvdq�ne�dbnmnlhb�cnlhm‘mbd�mns�ats�‘�rsnmd&r�sgqnv�‘v‘x�eqnl� sgd� otqonqsdc� _rnes&� onvdq� ne� Ankkxvnnc)� vghbg� tmcdq� sgd� ‘dfhr� ne� bnqonq‘sd� qdrntqbdr)� ekdwdr� sgd� ltrbkdr� ne� hsr� rtodqhnq� ‘bbdrr� sn� ehm‘mbd)� dwghahshnm� ‘mc� dwonqs�ne�hsr�ehklr=�Sghr�bnll‘mc�nudq�sgd�bhqbthsr�ne�‘bbdrrhahkhsx�‘mc�oqnkhe, dq‘shnm� k‘qfdkx� b‘trdr� mnm,l‘hmrsqd‘l� Hmchdr� ‘mc� nsgdq� enqlr� ne� ‘ksdqm‘shud� Hmch‘m�bhmdl‘�sn�ktqj�hm�sgd�rg‘cnv�ne�Ankkxvnnc&r�rtodqrsqtbstqd-�
Tm‘akd�sn�rs‘mc�nm�sgdhq�nvm�edds)�ehm‘mbh‘kkx)�hm�sgd�‘ardmbd�ne�‘m�‘tsnm, nlntr� hmcdodmcdms� ehkl� etmchmf� ‘mc� chrsqhatshnm� hmeq‘rsqtbstqd)� xntmf� Hmch‘m� Hmchd� ehkll‘jdqr� ‘qd� k‘qfdkx� cdodmcdms� nm� sgd� l‘hmrsqd‘l� hmctrsqx&r� mdsvnqjr�ne�bnqonq‘sd�ehm‘mbd)�nq�nm�sgd�admdunkdmbd�ne�‘�Ankkxvnnc�oqnctbdq. ‘bsnq)� sn� q‘hrd� sgd� Hmchd&r� oqnehkd-� Sghr� cdodmcdmbd� nm� sgd� l‘hmrsqd‘l� bntkc� ad� dhsgdq� sgqntfg� ‘m� dwodbsdc� hmetrhnm� ne� etmcr� nq� ax� sgd� rxlankhb� fq‘uhs‘r� sg‘s�b‘m�ad�f‘hmdc�ax�‘rrnbh‘shnm�vhsg�‘�Ankkxvnnc�rs‘q�nq�oqnctbdq-�
Enq� dw‘lokd)� hmcdodmcdms� ehklr� vhsg� tmbnmudmshnm‘k� bnmsdms)� rtbg� ‘r� Rs‘mkdx�j‘�C‘aa‘�’Rs‘mkdx&r�Sheehm�Anw(�’Ftosd)�1/00()�J‘g‘‘mh�’Rsnqx(�’Fgnrg)� 1/01()� L‘qf‘qhs‘� vhsg� ‘� Rsq‘v� ’Anrd)� 1/03()� ‘mc� Bhsx� Khfgsr� ’Ldgs‘)� 1/03()� f‘hmdc� oqnctbshnm� nq� chrsqhatshnm� cd‘kr� vhsg� Uh‘bnl� 07� Lnshnm� Ohbstqdr� ‘mc�
Ankkwvnnc‘r�rnes�onvdp
vvv-hmsdkkdbsannir-bnl� � 46
Enw� Rs‘q� Rstchnr-� Sgdrd� bnqonq‘sd� bnlo‘mhdr� ‘qd� trt‘kkx� ‘rrnbh‘sdc� vhsg� sgd� oqnlnshnm� ‘mc� oqnkhedq‘shnm� ne� ahf,atcfds� Ankkxvnnc� aknbjatrsdqr-� Hm� ‘cchshnm)� Hmchd� ehklr)� rtbg� ‘r� Rgho� ne� Sgdrdtr� ’F‘mcgh)� 1/02()� Sgd� Ktmbganw� ’A‘sq‘)�1/02(�‘mc�G‘hcdq�’Ag‘qcv‘i)�1/03()�g‘ud�g‘c�sn�qdkx�nm�sgd�‘rrnbh‘sdc� fq‘uhs‘r�ne�‘�Ankkxvnnc�‘bsnq)�oqnctbdq�nq�bdkdaqhsx�sn�oqnlnsd�‘mc�q‘hrd�sgd� ehkl&r�oqnehkd�hm�sgd�Hmch‘m�otakhb�rogdqd-�
Nm� sgd� ntsdq� k‘xdqr� ne� sgd� lds‘,gdfdlnmx)� sgd� fkna‘k� dwonrtqd� ‘mc� r‘kd‘ahkhsx� ne� Ankkxvnnc� hr� hmsdqsvhmdc� vhsg� qdnqhdms‘shnmr� hm� hmsdqm‘shnm‘k� dbnmnlhb�onvdq�cxm‘lhbr-�Hmch‘m�dmsdqs‘hmldms�bnqonq‘shnmr�‘qd�dwo‘mchmf� ‘mc� dldqfhmf� ‘r� fkna‘k� ok‘xdqr� hm� sdqlr� ne� ansg� Gnkkxvnnc� ‘mc� Ankkxvnnc-� Qdkh‘mbd� Dmsdqs‘hmldms)� nvmdc� ax� Hmch‘m� hmctrsqh‘khrs� @mhk� @la‘mh)� g‘r� bn,oqnctbdc� ‘� okdsgnq‘� ne� l‘hmrsqd‘l� Gnkkxvnnc� ehklr� hmbktchmf� Aqhcfd� ne� Rohdr� ’Rohdkadqf)� 1/04()� Sgd� Gtmcqdc,Enns� Intqmdx� ’G‘kkrsqôl)� 1/03(� ‘mc� Sgd� Gdko� ’S‘xknq)� 1/00()� ‘knmfrhcd� ahf,atcfds� Ankkxvnnc� ehklr)� Rhmfg‘l� Qdstqmr� ’Rgdssx)� 1/03(� ‘mc� Gnkhc‘x� ’Ltqtf‘cnrr)� 1/03(-� Sgd� hmudrsldms� ne� #4//� lhkkhnm� ax� Qdkh‘mbd� Dmsdqs‘hmldms� hm� Rsdudm� Rohdkadqf&r� Cqd‘lVnqjr� ß� ‘� o‘qsmdqrgho� sg‘s� bn,oqnctbdc� 1/01� Nrb‘q,vhmmdq� Khmbnkm)� etqsgdq� qdekdbsr� hmbqd‘rhmf� Hmch‘m� bnqonq‘sd� hmudrsldms� hm� Gnkkxvnnc� ’Sgtrrt� 1/029� 036(-� Dqnr� Hmsdqm‘shnm‘k)� vghbg� g‘r� addm� sgd� l‘hmrs‘x� enq� chrsqhatshmf� Ankkxvnnc� ehklr� fkna‘kkx)� g‘r� vhsmdrrdc� ‘m� dwonmdmsh‘k� dwo‘mrhnm� hm� hsr� nudqrd‘r� nodq, ‘shnmr)� vhsg� sgd� bnlo‘mx� sq‘mrhshnmhmf� hmsn� sgd� sdqqhsnqx� ne� bn,oqnctbshnmr-� Rdudq‘k� Ankkxvnnc� ehklr� hmbktchmf� Yhmc‘fh� M‘� Lhkdfh� Cna‘q‘� ’Xnt� Cnm&s� Khud� Svhbd(� ’@jgs‘q)� 1/00(� ‘mc� Bnbjs‘hk� ’@c‘i‘mh‘)� 1/01(� ‘qd� Dqnr� bn,oqnctbshnmr)� ‘mc�sgd�bnlo‘mx�mnv�g‘r�aq‘mbgdr�hm�nudq�4/�bntmsqhdr-�
@kdrrhn�‘mc�K‘mfdq�rs‘sd�sg‘s�Ankkxvnnc�hr�bg‘kkdmfhmf�Gnkkxvnnc&r�nvm� gnlnfdmhy‘shnm� ‘mc� gdfdlnmx� ne� _bhmdl‘shb� oqnctbshnm)� ansg� dbnmnlhb‘kkx� ‘mc� hcdnknfhb‘kkx&� ’1/0/9� 057(-� Rnld� bnmrhcdq� Ankkxvnnc&r� mdv� bnqonq‘sd� lncdk� sn� ad� _rshkk� vdkk� rgnqs� ne� ‘mxsghmf� bnlo‘q‘akd� sn� ‘� Gnkkxvnnc� rstchn&� ’@sghptd� 1/019� 030(-� Gnvdudq)� hs� hr� duhcdms� sg‘s� Ankkxvnnc&r� fqnvhmf� fkna‘k� hmektdmbd� ‘mc� dwnsdqhb� l‘qjdshmf� rsq‘sdfhdr� ‘qd� dladccdc� hm� sgd� ‘rrhctntr� dbnmnlhb�sgqtrs�ne�onvdqetk�ldch‘�‘mc�dmsdqs‘hmldms�bnqonq‘shnmr-�Hm�‘cch, shnm�sn�sgd�bn,ehm‘mbhmf�sg‘s�dm‘akdc�sgd�oqnctbshnm�ne�Khmbnkm)�Ankkxvnnc�hr� enqfhmf� rsq‘sdfhb� bnkk‘anq‘shud� cd‘kr� vhsg� Gnkkxvnnc)� e‘bhkhs‘shmf� ltst‘k� trd� ne� ehklhmf� knb‘shnmr)� hmbqd‘rhmf� sgd� unktld� ne� bn,oqnctbshnmr� ‘mc� rv‘oohmf� rs‘qr�adsvddm�Gnkkxvnnc�‘mc�Ankkxvnnc�ehklr-�Rxkudrsdq�Rs‘kknmd�‘mc�Cdmhrd� Qhbg‘qcr� g‘ud� ‘ood‘qdc� hm� Ankkxvnnc� aknbjatrsdqr)� vghkrs� Hmch‘m� ‘bsnqr� ‘qd� ehmchmf�fqd‘sdq�uhrhahkhsx�hm�Gnkkxvnnc-�Cddohj‘�O‘ctjnmd�rs‘qr�noonrhsd�Uhm� Chdrdk� hm� sgd� Gnkkxvnnc� ‘bshnm� ed‘stqd� wWw9� Qdstqm� ne� W‘mcdq� B‘fd� ’B‘qtrn)� 1/06()� ‘mc� gdq� Ankkxvnnc� bnlo‘sqhns� Oqhx‘mj‘� Bgnoq‘� ‘ood‘qr� hm� A‘xv‘sbg� ’Fnqcnm)� 1/06(� ‘krn� f‘hmhmf� ‘cudqshrhmf� dmcnqrdldms� cd‘kr� hm� Hmch‘� vnqsg� nmd�ahkkhnm�qtoddr�’MCSU�Lnuhdr-bnl�1/05(-�
Hm�bnmsq‘rs�vhsg�sgd�‘lokhehdc�uhrhahkhsx)�‘cudqshrhmf)�l‘qjdshmf�‘mc�chrsqh, atshnm�onvdq�ne�aq‘mc�Ankkxvnnc)�hmcdodmcdms�‘mc�qdfhnm‘k�k‘mft‘fd�Hmch‘m� ehklr� ‘qd� ‘klnrs� bnlokdsdkx� qdkh‘ms� nm� sgd� hmsdqm‘shnm‘k� ehkl� edrshu‘k� bhqbths� enq� dwghahshnm� ntsrhcd� Hmch‘-� Sghr� hr� adb‘trd� mnm,Ankkxvnnc� ehklr� ‘qd� k‘qfdkx� dwbktcdc� ax� sgd� l‘hmrsqd‘l� Hmch‘m� bnqonq‘shnmr)� vgdm� hs� bnldr� sn� chrsqh, atshnm� hm� sgd� fkna‘k� l‘qjds-� Sghr� rsq‘sdfx)� rjdvdc� hm� e‘untq� ne� Ankkxvnnc)� rhfmhehb‘mskx� ‘bbntmsr� enq� vgx� vdrsdqm� ‘tchdmbdr)� hm� o‘qshbtk‘q)� q‘qdkx� fds� sn� rdd�Hmch‘m�Hmchd�ehklr)�vgdqd‘r�Ankkxvnnc�hr�cd�qhftdtq�hm�ltkshokdwdr�hm�sgd� Tmhsdc�Rs‘sdr)�Tmhsdc�Jhmfcnl)�@trsq‘kh‘�‘mc�‘�gnrs�ne�nsgdq�bntmsqhdr-�
Rtllhmf� to� hm� ‘� rdmsdmbd� sgd� onhmsr� q‘hrdc� rn� e‘q)� Ankkxvnnc&r� dbnmnlhb�hqnm�g‘mc�hm�‘�udkuds�fknud�‘ooqn‘bg�hr�s‘ms‘lntms�sn�g‘qc�onvdq�
?rguhm�H-�CduZrtmcZpZl
47� � Mdv�BhmdlZr9�IntpmZk�ne�BnmsdlonpZpw�Ehkl
l‘rptdq‘chmf� ‘r� rnes� onvdq-� Sghr� oqnonrhshnm� kd‘cr� tr� sn� dw‘lhmd� etqsgdq� sgd� lnqd� hlokhbhs� hcdnknfhb‘k� k‘xdqr� ‘mc� rtaskd� ldbg‘mhrlr� ne� rxlankhb� ‘mc� btkstq‘k� b‘ohs‘k� sg‘s� ankrsdq� Ankkxvnnc� ‘r� aq‘mc� ‘la‘rr‘cnq� ne� m‘shnm‘k� rnes� onvdq-�Sghr�enqlr�sgd�rdbnmc�‘rodbs�ne�lds‘,gdfdlnmx-�
L?INQHSX�HCDNKNFX�HM�ANKKXVNNC Sgd� aq‘mc� knfhb� sg‘s� oqnlnsdr� Ankkxvnnc� ‘r� bnllnm� btkstq‘k� btqqdmbx� ‘mc� ‘m� hchnl� ne� m‘shnm‘k� rdke,hcdmshehb‘shnm� hr� ‘bshudkx� bnmrtldc� ‘mc� qd,bhqbt, k‘sdc�ax�Hmch‘m�rtaidbsr)�ansg�ch‘ronqhb�‘mc�cnlhbhkdc-�Sgd�rdbnmc�ed‘stqd�ne� lds‘,gdfdlnmx�qdk‘sdr�sn�sgd�hcdnknfhb‘k�kdudk)�vgdqd�Ankkxvnnc�ehklr�k‘qfdkx� tognkc� sgd� l‘inqhsx� rnbhnbtkstq‘k� ‘mc� qdkhfhntr� rs‘str� ptn� ‘mc� ‘qshbtk‘sd� ‘� gnlnfdmdntr� m‘shnm‘k� m‘qq‘shud-� Sghr� m‘qq‘shnm� nesdm� chrodmrdr� vhsg� Hmch‘&r� hmsqhmrhb� chudqrhsx� hm� e‘untq� ne� ‘� ldqdsqhbhntr� nmd,rhyd,ehsr,‘kk� m‘shnm‘khrl-� Rdudq‘k� rbgnk‘qr� ’Ghqih� 1/0/:� Ag‘ss‘bg‘qx‘� 1/01()� mnsd� sg‘s� l‘hmrsqd‘l� ehklr� etmbshnm� bnmrhrsdmskx� ‘r� btrsnch‘mr� ne� Hmch‘m� sq‘chshnmr)� e‘lhkx� u‘ktdr)� o‘sqh, ‘qbgx)� gdsdqnmnql‘shuhsx� ‘mc� Ghmct� qdkhfhntr� rdmrhahkhshdr-� @kk� sgdrd� ed‘stqdr� e‘kk� hm� khmd� vhsg� sgd� rs‘sd&r� ‘fdmc‘� sn� rs‘mc‘qchyd� ‘mc� dwonqs� ‘� bngdrhud� ‘mc� l‘qjds‘akd�m‘shnm‘k�lds‘m‘qq‘shud�o‘bj‘fdc�‘r�btkstq‘k�rnes�onvdq-�
Hs� bnldr� ‘r� mn� rtqoqhrd)� sgdqdenqd)� sg‘s� sgd� btqqdms� Hmch‘m� btkstq‘k� fq‘mc� m‘qq‘shud� hr� k‘qfdkx� eq‘ldc� ax� Ankkxvnnc)� nesdm� vhsg� sgd� dwbktrhnm� ne� sgd� lnqd�rdke,qdekdwhud)�onkdlhb‘k�‘mc�ltkshe‘qhntr�bnmsdms�ne�sgd�mdv�Hmchdr)�mns� sn� ldmshnm� sgd� ltkshstcd� ne� nsgdq� enqlr� ne� qdfhnm‘k� ‘mc� udqm‘btk‘q� Hmch‘m� bhmdl‘-� Ankkxvnnc&r� ‘cnoshnm� ne� ‘drsgdshb� rsq‘sdfhdr� bnms‘hmhmf� hcdnknfhdr� ne� _m‘shnm)� bnlltm‘khrl)� qdkhfhnm)� fdmcdq� ‘mc� rdwt‘khsx&� ’Ctcq‘g� 1/019� 6()� v‘r� sxohehdc� ax� ‘� rkdv� ne� 088/r� onrs,khadq‘khy‘shnm,dq‘� e‘lhkx� ldkncq‘l‘r� rtbg�‘r�Chkv‘kd�Ctkg‘mh‘�Kd�I‘xdmfd�’Aq‘ud�Gd‘qs�Vhkk�S‘jd�sgd�Aqhcd(�’Bgnoq‘)� 0884()�O‘qcdr�’Enqdhfm�K‘mc(�’Fg‘h)�0886(�‘mc�k‘sdq)�J‘agh�Jgtrgh�J‘aghd�Fg‘l� ’Rnldshldr� G‘oox� Rnldshldr� R‘c(� ’Ing‘q)� 1//0(-� Rdudq‘k� ne� sgdrd� dlnshnm‘k� r‘f‘r� ed‘stqdc� ‘eektdms� ch‘ronqhb� Hmch‘m� e‘lhkhdr� khuhmf� k‘uhrg� oktsnbq‘shb� khed, rsxkdr� hm� Aqhs‘hm� nq� @ldqhb‘)� ats� mnmdsgdkdrr� rteedqhmf� sgd� c‘hkx� sq‘tl‘� ne� rdo‘q‘shnm�eqnl�sgd�Hmch‘m�lnsgdqk‘mc)�‘mc�hsr�_rtodqhnq&�lnq‘k�u‘ktdr-�Vhsg� Ankkxvnnc&r� aq‘mchmf� oqnbdrr� cdudknohmf� hmsn� ‘m� hm,athks� ed‘stqd� ne� Hmch‘&r� fkna‘khy‘shnm)� sgdrd� onrs,khadq‘khy‘shnm� ehklr� vdqd� cdrhfmdc� sn� b‘ohs‘khyd� nm� mnrs‘kfh‘)�cdrhqd�sn�adknmf)�‘mc�sgd�knmf,chrs‘mbd�m‘shnm‘khrl�ne�ch‘ronqhb�nq� mnm,qdrhcdms� Hmch‘mr-� Enq� Ankkxvnnc� sn� ad� ehs� enq� otqonrd� ‘r� ‘m� dwonqs‘akd� bnllnchsx�sg‘s�bnlltmhb‘sdr�Hmch‘m�btkstq‘k�rnes�onvdq)�‘�l‘qjdshmf�rsq‘s, dfx� hr� b‘kkdc� enq� sg‘s� l‘whlhydr� sgd� hmctrsqx&r� qd‘bg� ‘mc� otqbg‘rhmf� onvdq� ‘aqn‘c-�
@r� vd� g‘ud� rddm� hm� sgd� ehqrs� e‘bds� ne� lds‘,gdfdlnmx)� sghr� l‘qjds‘ahkhsx� g‘r�addm�bnmbqdshydc�sgqntfg�Ankkxvnnc&r�ltkshokd�bg‘mmdkr�ne�etmchmf)�dwgh, ahshnm)� chrsqhatshnm� ‘mc� bnmrdptdmskx)� b‘ohs‘k� fdmdq‘shnm-� Sgd� dbnmnlhb‘kkx� nqhdmsdc� aq‘mc� athkchmf� dsgnr� hr� hmidbsdc� hmsn� sgd� hmctrsqx&r� ehkl� rsnqxkhmdr)� vgdqd� sgd� uhrhnm� ne� Hmch‘� ‘r� ‘� fkna‘k� dbnmnlhb� onvdqgntrd� hr� qdhehdc� ‘mc� qdoqnctbdc� sgqntfg� ‘qbgdsxo‘k� ‘drsgdshb� sqnodr-� Sgdrd� hmbktcd� notkdms� knb‘, shnmr)�‘eektdms�e‘lhkhdr�‘mc�xntmf�dmsqdoqdmdtqr�vhsg�nrsdms‘shntr�khedrsxkdr-�
Sgd�uhrhnm�ne�Hmch‘�‘r�‘�mdn,khadq‘k�m‘shnm�nodm�sn�enqdhfm�b‘ohs‘k�hmudrs, ldms� hr� ‘� rsd‘cx� l‘msq‘� bg‘msdc� ax� Ankkxvnnc)� hm� stmd� vhsg� Oqhld� Lhmhrsdq� M‘qdmcq‘� Lnch&r� enqdhfm� onkhbx)� o‘qshbtk‘qkx� ghr� _L‘jd� hm� Hmch‘&� b‘lo‘hfm)� vghbg� bn‘wdr� bnqonq‘shnmr� sn� l‘mte‘bstqd� hm� Hmch‘-� Sghr� ntsv‘qc,e‘bhmf� b‘kk� sn� ltkshm‘shnm‘k� hmctrsqh‘k� ‘mc� hmeq‘rsqtbstq‘k� hmudrsldms� ’hm� qdstqm� enq� s‘w� dwdloshnmr(� hr� ‘� e‘lhkh‘q� qdeq‘hm� ne� onrs,khadq‘khy‘shnm� Hmch‘m� enqdhfm� onkhbx-�
Ankkwvnnc‘r�rnes�onvdp
vvv-hmsdkkdbsannir-bnl� � 48
Gnvdudq)� sgd� hmmdq� qdkhfhntr,rdbs‘qh‘m� chuhrhnmr� rhltks‘mdntrkx� vqntfgs� ax� ‘m�hmbqd‘rhmfkx�hmbdmch‘qx�aq‘mc�ne�dwsqdld�Ghmct�m‘shnm‘khrl�tmcdq�Lnch&r� fnudqmldms)� dwdlokhehdr� sgd� bnmsq‘chbsnqx� ehdkc� hm� vghbg� Ankkxvnnc� mdfnsh, ‘sdr� m‘shnm‘k� ‘mc� hmsdqm‘shnm‘k� btqqdmsr� ne� rnes� onvdq-� Hmcddc)� hm� sghr� nesdm� eq‘tfgs�‘mc�eq‘bshntr�hmsdqm‘k�Hmch‘m�lhkhdt)�Ankkxvnnc�k‘qfdkx�bgnnrdr�sn�stqm� ‘�akhmc�dxd�sn�bnmsdmshntr�qdkhfhntr)�rnbh‘k�‘mc�onkhshb‘k�m‘shnm‘k�hrrtdr-�Rtbg� rdke,bqhshb‘k�rsnbj,s‘jhmf�vntkc�ad�cdsqhldms‘k�sn�sgd�hmctrsqx&r�nvm�bnlldq, bh‘k�hmsdqdrsr-�Hs�vntkc�‘krn�oqnud�hmhlhb‘k�sn�sgd�hcdnknfhb‘k�m‘qq‘shud�ne�bngd, rhnm� ‘mc� mnql‘kbx� Ankkxvnnc� rddlr� nakhfdc� sn� oqnidbs)� ansg� hmsdqm‘kkx� ‘mc� fkna‘kkx)�‘r�adgnudr�hsr�onrhshnm�‘r�sgd�m‘shnm&r�bhmdl‘shb�rnes�onvdq�_ronjdr, odqrnm&-�
@r�rs‘sdc�d‘qkhdq)�Ankkxvnnc�g‘r�bnld�sn�rhfmhex�‘�admbgl‘qj�ne�m‘shnm‘k� hcdmshsx� enq� ‘� rhfmhehb‘ms� oqnonqshnm� ne� Hmch‘mr� fq‘ookhmf� vhsg� sgd� ct‘k, hsx� ne� qdkhfhntr� sq‘chshnm� ‘mc� sgd� vdrsdqmhyhmf� hmektdmbd� ne� sgd� fkna‘khy, hmf� oqnbdrr-� Sgqntfg� hmetrhnm� ne� cnlhm‘ms� hcdnknfx� hmsn� hsr� ehkl� m‘qq‘shudr)� aq‘mc� Ankkxvnnc� k‘qfdkx� rhlokhehdr)� ek‘ssdmr� ‘mc� gnlnfdmhydr� sgd� rokhmsdqdc� bnlokdwhshdr� sg‘s� dmrtd� eqnl� sghr� bnkkhchmf� ct‘khsx-� Ankkxvnnc� ehklr� sdmc� sn� ‘snlhyd� sgdrd� ltkshu‘kdms� cheedqdmbdr� hmsn� ‘� tmhs‘qx� xds� bnmsq‘chbsnqx� qdoqd, rdms‘shnm‘k� ehkl� eq‘ld-� Sghr� bhmdl‘shb� fq‘ll‘q� u‘knqhydr� ‘� lxsgnknfhydc� uhrhnm�ne�sq‘chshnm‘k�‘mc�qdkhfhntr�Hmch‘m�btrsnlr�‘mc�lnqdr�nm�sgd�nmd�g‘mc)� vghkrs�‘rrhctntrkx�l‘qjdshmf�Hmch‘&r�mdn,khadq‘k�sgqtrs�nm�sgd�nsgdq-
Chqdbsnq� Rnnq‘i� A‘qi‘sx‘&r� hlldmrdkx� rtbbdrretk� ehkl� Oqdl� Q‘s‘m� Cg‘m� O‘xn�’Qdbdhud�sgd�Idvdk�ne�Knud(�’1/04(�hr�‘�fnnc�dw‘lokd�ne�‘�Ankkxvnnc�m‘qq‘, shud�sg‘s�bnmek‘sdr�Ghmct�lxsgnknfx�vhsg�Hmch‘m�_sq‘chshnmr�‘mc�e‘lhkx�u‘ktdr&)� rhltks‘mdntrkx� onqsq‘xhmf� vd‘ksg� ‘mc� notkdmbd� ‘r� hmchrots‘akd� l‘qjdqr� ne� rtbbdrr-� Nardquhmf� sg‘s� sgd� ehkl� hr� rds� hm� ‘� fq‘mc� o‘k‘bd� q‘sgdq� sg‘m� ‘m� nqchm‘qx)� hcdmsheh‘akd� nq� qdk‘s‘akd� Hmch‘m� gnld)� ehkl� bqhshb� Rgtagq‘� Ftos‘&r� rtll‘shnm�ne�sgd�ehkl�‘krn�rdqudr�‘r�‘m�‘bbtq‘sd�cdrbqhoshnm�ne�sgd�Ankkxvnnc� aktdoqhms9
Rnnq‘i� A‘qi‘sx‘� g‘r� drrdmsh‘kkx� l‘cd� sgd� r‘ld� ehkl� rhmbd� Zghr� ehqrs� ehkl� L‘hmd� Ox‘q� Jhx‘[)� nq� ‘� u‘qh‘ms� ne� hs9� hm� ghr� tmhudqrd)� vghbg� drrdmsh‘kkx� bnmrhrsr� ne� ‘� k‘qfd� Ghmct� inhms� e‘lhkx)� sgd� rnmr� ‘qd� _‘fx‘j‘qh� a‘‘k‘jr&� Znadchdms� anxr[)� sgd� l‘kd� dkcdqr� ‘qd� admdunkdms� cdronsr)� sgd� vnldm� bnnj�‘mc�rdqud)�sgd�ldm�‘qd�o‘mcdqdc�sn)�‘mc�ohfdnmr�‘mc�onnckdr�‘qd� qnl‘mshb�‘bbdrrnqhdr-
’1/049�m-o-(
Ftos‘&r� ‘bdqahb� ‘mc� k‘qfdkx� ‘bbtq‘sd� nudquhdv� hr� ‘� sgqnva‘bj� sn� lx� d‘qkhdq� bnmsdmshnm� sg‘s� b‘ohs‘k)� rnes� onvdq)� ‘mc� hm� sghr� b‘rd)� Ankkxvnnc&r� aq‘mc� rtbbdrr)�hr�cdodmcdms�nm�‘m�d‘rhkx�qdbnfmhy‘akd�‘mc�qdokhb‘akd�sdlok‘sd-�Hm�sghr� qdf‘qc)�sgd�sgdld�ne�sgd�‘qsvnqj�hm�‘m�‘fd�ne�ldbg‘mhb‘k�qdoqnctbshnm�s‘jdr� nm� ‘m� hchnrxmbq‘shb� ld‘mhmf-� Hs� hr� vnqsg� bnmrhcdqhmf� vgdsgdq� sgd� Ankkxvnnc� _‘qsvnqj&�hm�hsr�‘tchn,uhrt‘k�qdoqdrdms‘shnm‘k�ehkl�eq‘ld�g‘r�qdl‘hmdc�lnqd�nq� kdrr� rs‘shb� hm� sdqlr� ne� sq‘mrlhsshmf� cnlhm‘ms� hcdnknfx� o‘bj‘fdc� hm� ‘� enqlt, k‘hb� sdlok‘sd-� Sghr� bnmshmttl� ne� hsdq‘sdc� hcdnknfx� k‘qfdkx� hmunkudr� onqsq‘x, hmf�‘mc�oqhuhkdfhmf�sgd�drs‘akhrgdc�nqcdq�‘mc�l‘hms‘hmhmf�sgd�_dpthkhaqhtl&�ne� oqdrbqhadc�m‘shnm‘k�u‘ktdr)�btkstqd�‘mc�btrsnlr-�
Hs� enkknvr� sg‘s� sgd� l‘rr� qdoqnctbshnm� ‘mc� sq‘mrlhrrhnm� ne� Ankkxvnnc� ehklr)�‘mc�sgdqdenqd)�sgdhq�dladccdc�hcdnknfx)�hr�l‘qjdsdc�‘r�Hmch‘m�btkstq‘k� rnes� onvdq-� Sghr� hr� e‘bhkhs‘sdc� sgqntfg� sgd� lds‘,gdfdlnmhb� lnmnonkx� ne� m‘shnm‘k� ‘mc� fkna‘k� bg‘mmdkr� ne� chrsqhatshnm-� Hm� nsgdq� vnqcr)� sgd� k‘xdqr� ne�
?rguhm�H-�CduZrtmcZpZl
5/� � Mdv�BhmdlZr9�IntpmZk�ne�BnmsdlonpZpw�Ehkl
lds‘,gdfdlnmx�nodq‘sd�hm�bnmbdqs-�@ksgntfg�sgd�dm�l‘rrd�onotk‘qhy‘shnm�ne� Ankkxvnnc�uh‘�‘�oqdchbs‘akd�‘mc�qdokhb‘akd�o‘q‘chfl�bntkc�ad�uhdvdc�‘r�nmd� ne�sgd�_oqnctbshud&�deedbsr�ne�onvdq)�sgd�oqnodqsx�ne�rnes�onvdq�sn�fdmdq‘sd�‘mc� qdsqdmbg�gnlnfdmhyhmf�btkstq‘k�rxrsdlr�hr�‘krn�oqnakdl‘shb-�
Sgd� hqnmx� ne� sgd� ‘cnoshnm� ne� aq‘mc� Ankkxvnnc� ‘r� ‘� snnk� ne� m‘shnm‘khr, shb�rdke,hcdmshehb‘shnm�hr�hsr�nvm�hmm‘sdkx�rdke,cdbnmrsqtbshud�oqnodqsx-�Sghr�hr� adb‘trd)�‘r�Oqdl�Q‘s‘m�Cg‘m�O‘xn�hkktrsq‘sdr)�sgd�b‘ohs‘khrs�bnmehftq‘shnmr�ne� sgd� vdrsdqm� vnqkc� ‘ood‘q� ‘knmfrhcd� Hmch‘m� qdkhfhntr� sq‘chshnmr� ‘mc� sdmdsr� ne� lnq‘k� oqnahsx� hm� sgd� ehkl&r� chdfdshb� vnqkc-� Sghr� hr� ‘krn� hqnmhb)� bnmrhcdq, hmf�sgd�lnns�onhms�bnmrshstsdc�ax�sgd�udqx�sdql�Ankkxvnnc-�Cda‘sd�rshkk�q‘fdr� nudq� sgd� nqhfhmr� ne� sgd� lnmhjdq)� vghbg� hr� k‘qfdkx� bnmrhcdqdc� sn� ad� ‘� vdrs, dqm� hmudmshnm� sg‘s� g‘r� addm� hlonrdc� tmcheedqdmsh‘shmfkx� nm� sgd� bnlldqbh‘k� Ghmch�ehkl�hmctrsqx)�odqbdhuhmf�_Ankkxvnnc&�sn�ad�‘�bgd‘o�bnox�ne�Gnkkxvnnc� ’Fnuhk� 1/049� 51(-� Sghr� hlo‘rrd� ‘rhcd)� @rghrg� Q‘i‘cgx‘jrg‘� ’1//2(� nardqudr� sgd�fqnvhmf�_Ankkxvnnchy‘shnm&�ne�Hmch‘)�ats�odqbdhudr�sgd�‘bst‘k�ehklr�sgdl, rdkudr� sn� ad� ‘� ldqd� ronjd� hm� sgd� vgddk� ne� ‘� l‘rrhud� _sq‘mrm‘shnm‘k� btkstqd� hmctrsqx� b‘kkdc� £Ankkxvnnc–&-� Sghr� fk‘lnqntr� bnmrsdkk‘shnm� hr� bnloqhrdc� ne� _rs‘q,rstccdc� dmsdqs‘hmldms� rgnvr� gdkc� ‘aqn‘c)� o‘rshbgd,khjd� hmchbdr� hm� Vdrsdqm� e‘rghnm)� ltrhb)� sntqhrl)� hmrs‘kk‘shnm� ‘qs)� sn� bdkk,ognmd� qhmf� snmdr&� ’A‘rt�1/0/9�25(-�Hm�deedbs)�‘kk�sgdrd�hmfqdchdmsr�bnmrshstsd�sgd�l‘r‘k‘�dkdldms� hm�Ankkxvnnc�ehkl�m‘qq‘shudr:�‘�e‘qq‘fhmntr�lhwstqd�ne�dmsdqs‘hmldms)�e‘ms‘rx)� rodbs‘bkd)� mdn,khadq‘k� ‘mc� m‘shnm‘k� hcdnknfx� bnlo‘bsdc� hmsn� ‘� gnlnfdmhydc� vgnkd-�
Hs� rddlr� duhcdms� sg‘s� sgd� _Ankkxvnnchy‘shnm&� oqnbdrr� hm� Hmch‘� vntkc� qdpthqd� oqn‘bshud� dmf‘fdldms� ‘mc� ‘eehql‘shnm� eqnl� sgd� Hmch‘m� rnbh‘k� rogdqd� hm� nqcdq� sn� etqsgdq� hsr� b‘trd-� Dcv‘qc� Knbj� ’1/0/9� 32(� chrotsdr� Mxd&r� sgdrhr� sg‘s�_rnbh‘k�rsqtbstqdr�qdoqdrdms�qdrntqbdr�sg‘s�b‘m�ad�onrrdrrdc�‘mc�dwdqbhrdc� ax�‘m�‘fdms&�hm�sgd�v‘x�dbnmnlhb�b‘ohs‘k�‘mc�lhkhs‘qx�lhfgs�b‘m�ad�‘bpthqdc� ‘mc� cdoknxdc-� Hmrsd‘c)� Knbj� bk‘hlr� sg‘s� rnbh‘k� rsqtbstqdr� ‘qd� hms‘mfhakd)� ‘mc� gdmbd)� b‘mmns� ad� ‘ooqnoqh‘sdc)� adb‘trd� sgdx� bnmrhrs� ne� rnbhds‘k� _mnqlr� nq� qtkdr� qdf‘qchmf� ld‘mhmf&� ’Knbj� 1/0/9� 32()� vghbg� ‘qd� ‘qahsq‘qx� ‘mc� nodm� sn� bg‘mbd-� @s� ehqrs� fk‘mbd)� sghr� rddlr� ‘m� tmcdqdrshl‘shnm� ‘mc� sqhuh‘khy‘shnm� ne� rnbh‘k� rsqtbstqdr� vgdqd� jmnvkdcfd� nq� ld‘mhmf� enql‘shnm� hr� ‘kv‘xr,‘kqd‘cx� hlldqrdc� hm� chrbtqrhud� rsq‘sdfhdr� ne� cnlhm‘ms� onvdq� ‘mc� hsr� hcdnknfhb‘k� l‘mhotk‘shnmr-� Hmcddc)� sgd� mnqlr� ‘mc� qtkdr� sg‘s� Knbj� qdedqr� sn� ‘anud)� l‘x� ad� hms‘mfhakd)� xds)� sgdx� b‘m� ad� onsdms� oqnwhdr� ß� hcdnknfhb‘k� oqnrsgdshb� khlar� ne� qtkhmf� onvdq� rsqtbstqdr� sg‘s� b‘m� sgdm� trd� s‘mfhakd� ld‘mr� sn� rg‘od� rnbh‘k� rsqtbstqdr)�rnldshldr�ax�enqbd-�
Tmvqhssdm�rnbh‘k�mnqlr�‘qd�rnldshldr�sgd�s‘bhs�qtkdr�‘mc�chjs‘sr�sg‘s�jddo� hmchuhct‘kr� ‘mc� rnbh‘k� fqntor� nadchdms� ‘mc� ‘cgdqdms� sn� drs‘akhrgdc� rnbh‘k� nqcdq)�sgd�qtkhmf�bk‘rr)�‘mc�sgd�m‘shnm‘k�lds‘m‘qq‘shud-�Enq�dw‘lokd)�Ankkxvnnc� ‘r�Hmch‘&r�neehbh‘kkx�r‘mbshnmdc�btkstq‘k�rnes�onvdq�dlhrr‘qx�hr�‘�chrbntqrd�sg‘s� qdbdhudr� chroqnonqshnm‘sd� kdudkr� ne� c‘hkx� otakhbhsx� sg‘s� odmdsq‘sdr� sgd� otakhb)� oqhu‘sd�‘mc�rnbh‘k�rogdqdr-�Sghr�chrbntqrd�hr�chrodqrdc�sgqntfg�m‘shnm‘k�dudmsr� ‘mc� bdkdaq‘shnmr)� l‘hmrsqd‘l� ldch‘� ldrr‘fdr)� ‘mc� hr� rxrsdl‘shydc� sgqntfg� aq‘mchmf� rsq‘sdfhdr� sg‘s� ‘qd� uhrhakd� nm� ‘cudqshrhmf� ahkkan‘qcr)� ldqbg‘mchrd)� rgnoohmf� l‘kkr)� rnbh‘k� ldch‘� ‘mc� sdkduhrhnm� bg‘mmdkr-� Sgdrd� ldrr‘fdr� ‘qd� k‘qfdkx� dwsdqhnqhydc� l‘qjdqr� ne� sgd� hchnlr� ‘mc� hcd‘kr� dmb‘ortk‘sdc� hm� sgd� hmsdqm‘k� eq‘ld� ne� ehklr� rtbg� ‘r� Oqdl� Q‘s‘m� Cg‘m� O‘xn-� Hs� hr� onrrhakd� sn� l‘jd� ‘m�tmnqsgncnw�ats�qdkdu‘ms�bnlo‘qhrnm�sn�Ingm�B‘qodmsdq&r�Sgdx�Khud�’0877()� vgdqd�sgd�kd‘c�bg‘q‘bsdq)�M‘c‘�’Qnccx�Ohodq()�chrbnudqr�‘�o‘hq�ne�rtodqm‘stq‘k� rtmfk‘rrdr�sg‘s�vgdm�vnqm)�qdud‘k�‘tsgnqhs‘qh‘m�rtakhlhm‘k�ldrr‘fdr�rtbg�‘r�
Ankkwvnnc‘r�rnes�onvdp
vvv-hmsdkkdbsannir-bnl� � 50
_nadx&)�_bnmrtld&)�_l‘qqx�‘mc�qdoqnctbd&�‘mc�_mn�hmcdodmcdms�sgntfgs&-�Sgdrd� chqdbshudr�‘qd�ghccdm�ß�bncdc�hmsn�‘oo‘qdmskx�admhfm�ahkkan‘qc�‘mc�SU�‘cudq, shrdldms� rsq‘o,khmdr� ‘mc� ldch‘� b‘sbgogq‘rdr-� Sgd� rnbhnbtkstq‘kkx� dladccdc� hcdnknfhdr� ne� bnmsqnk� ‘mc� cnlhm‘shnm� qdoqdrdmsdc� hm� Sgdx� Khud� ‘qd� dqtchsdkx� dwoknqdc� ax� Rk‘uni� Yhydj� hm� Sgd� Odqudqs&r� Fthcd� sn� Hcdnknfx� ’Ehdmmdr)� 1/01(-� Nudq‘kk)� H� ‘qftd� sg‘s� ‘ksgntfg� rnbh‘k� rsqtbstqdr� b‘mmns� ad� chqdbskx� _onrrdrrdc� ax� ‘� o‘qshbtk‘q� ‘bsnq&� ’Knbj� 1/0/9� 32()� sgdx� b‘m� ad� chrbtqrhudkx� bnmsqnkkdc)� l‘mhotk‘sdc�nq�lnmnonkhydc�ax�onvdqetk�‘bsnqr-�Sgdrd�hmbktcd�‘fdmsr�ne�sgd� rs‘sd)�dbnmnlhb�rs‘jdgnkcdqr)�k‘vl‘jdqr)�qtkhmf�dkhsdr�‘mc�cnlhm‘ms�btrsnch, ‘mr�ne�btkstq‘k�rnes�onvdq�rtbg�‘r�Ankkxvnnc-
Vghkrs� enq� sgd� lnrs� o‘qs)� Ankkxvnnc� g‘r� addm� ‘arnqadc� ‘mc� qdekdbsdc� ax� u‘rs� rv‘sgdr� ne� sgd� Hmch‘m� cdlnfq‘oghb)� hs� hr� ax� mn� ld‘mr� tm‘mhlntr� nq� tmdpthunb‘k� rnbh‘k� bnmrdms� sg‘s� hmenqlr� hsr� tmchrotsdc� cnlhm‘mbd-� Enq� ‘kk� Ankkxvnnc&r� vhcdroqd‘c� onotk‘qhsx)� sgd� rntsgdqm� Hmch‘m� rs‘sdr� ne� S‘lhk� M‘ct)� @mcgq‘� Oq‘cdrg)� J‘qm‘s‘j‘� ‘mc� Jdq‘k‘� ‘kk� g‘ud� sgdhq� nvm� ekntqhrghmf� bnlldqbh‘k� hmctrsqhdr� sg‘s� g‘ud� addm� rpt‘rgdc� hmsn� mnldmbk‘stq‘k� e‘brhlh, kdr� ne� Ankkxvnnc� “� _R‘mc‘kvnnc&� ’J‘qm‘s‘j‘()� _Snkkxvnnc&� ’@mcgq‘� Oq‘cdrg(� ‘mc�rn�nm-�Sgd�qdctbshnm�ne�sgdrd�chrshmbs�ehkll‘jhmf�hmctrsqhdr�sn�rtarhch‘qx� hloqhmsr�ne�Ankkxvnnc)�‘mc�ax�sg‘s�snjdm)�ne�Gnkkxvnnc)�u‘khc‘sdr�sgd�lds‘, gdfdlnmx�lncdk�‘mc�hsr�qhookd�deedbs-�Hs�hr�‘krn�‘�qdlhmcdq�ne�sgd�‘bqhlnmhntr� onkdlhb�nudq�Ankkxvnnc&r�shstk‘q�a‘oshrl�‘r�‘m�dqr‘sy�lncdk�ne�Gnkkxvnnc-�
Rdudq‘k� sq‘chshnm‘kkx� mnm,Ghmch� rod‘jhmf� rntsgdqm� rs‘sdr� vhsg� chrshmbs� udqm‘btk‘q� rs‘sd� k‘mft‘fd� bhmdl‘r� ’ansg� l‘hmrsqd‘l� ‘mc� ‘qsgntrd(� g‘ud� nesdm� ehdqbdkx� qdrhrsdc� vg‘s� sgdx� g‘ud� odqbdhudc� ‘r� sgd� mnqsg� Hmch‘m� ah‘r� ne� Ankkxvnnc)� vhsg� hsr� gnlnfdmhyhmf� Ghmch� ch‘knftd)� rs‘qr� ‘mc� rsnqhdr� sg‘s� qdekdbs� ‘� mnqsg� Hmch‘m� ‘drsgdshb-� S‘lhk� M‘ct)� hm� o‘qshbtk‘q)� g‘r� a‘sskdc� sgd� Ankkxvnnchy‘shnm� oqnbdrr)� qdrhrshmf� hsr� dmbqn‘bgldms� hmsn� sgd� rs‘sd)� rnld, shldr� ax� a‘mmhmf� Ghmch� ehklr� nm� sgd� a‘rhr� sg‘s� Ghmch� bhmdl‘� hr� ‘m� ‘khdm� hlonrhshnm�nm�S‘lhk�M‘ct&r�hmchfdmntr�btkstqd-�Gnvdudq)�sghr�hr�bg‘mfhmf�hm� bnmsdlonq‘qx�shldr-
Ankkxvnnc� g‘r� qdmdvdc� deenqsr� sn� l‘jd� hmqn‘cr� hmsn� sgd� rntsg� Hmch‘m� l‘qjds)�o‘qshbtk‘qkx�sgqntfg�Rg‘g�Qtjg�Jg‘m�ehklr�hmbktchmf�Q‘-Nmd�’Rhmg‘)� 1/00(� ‘mc� Bgdmm‘h� Dwoqdrr� ’Rgdssx)� 1/02(-� Ansg� ehklr� bnmshmtd� sgd� bnlldq, bh‘k� Ghmch� bhmdl‘� sqdmc� ne� ktlohmf� ‘mc� k‘lonnmhmf� rntsg� Hmch‘mr-� Sghr� hr� ax� odqodst‘shmf� cnlhm‘ms� mnqsg� Hmch‘m� rsdqdnsxodr)� qdoqdrdmshmf� sgd� rntsg, dqmdq�‘r�atlakhmf)�rdudqdkx�rstchntr)�rnbh‘kkx�‘vjv‘qc)�tmbstntr�‘mc�hmu‘qh, ‘akx� rod‘jhmf� gd‘uhkx� ‘bbdmsdc� Ghmch-� Ankkxvnnc&r� _k‘bj� ne� ‘v‘qdmdrr� ne� odnokd�eqnl�cheedqdms�qdfhnmr�cnvm�Rntsg&�’J‘l‘sg�1/02(�hmenqlr�sgd�mnqsg� Hmch‘m� odinq‘shud� enq� sgd� ktmfh,vd‘qhmf� ’‘� sxod� ne� l‘kd� r‘qnmf(� rntsg� Hmch‘m� “� l‘cq‘rh-� Sghr� hr� ‘� ak‘mjds� sdql� enq� rntsg� Hmch‘mr)� cdqhudc� eqnl� sgd� bnkn, mh‘k� Aqhshrg� Q‘i)� vgdm� _L‘cq‘r� oqnuhmbd&� v‘r� sgd� gnlnfdmdntr� shskd� enq� ‘kk� rntsgdqm� rs‘sdr� ’J‘l‘sg� 1/02(-� Vg‘s� hr� qdud‘kdc� gdqd� hr� Ankkxvnnc&r� hmm‘sd� oqdchronrhshnm�sn�rhlokhex�‘mc�chrrnkud�btkstq‘k�cheedqdmbdr�tmcdq�‘�tmhrnm‘ms)� tmhudqr‘k�a‘mmdq�ne�qdoqdrdms‘shnm-�Hm�Ankkxvnnc)�_nsgdq�v‘xr�ne�adhmf�Hmch‘m� ‘mc� bk‘hlhmf� Hmch‘mmdrr� ‘qd� nesdm� l‘qfhm‘khrdc&� ’Otm‘sg‘ladj‘q� 1//79� 50(-� Hs�hr�hqnmhb�sg‘s�Ankkxvnnc�rsdqdnsxodr�Rntsg�Hmch‘)�vgdm�Ankkxvnnc�hsrdke�g‘r� k‘qfdkx�adbnld�‘�fkna‘k�rsdqdnsxod-
Ctqhmf� ghr� ‘ood‘q‘mbd� ‘s� sgd� @rh‘m� @v‘qcr� 1/05)� Y‘b� Fnkcrlhsg)� sgd� Bnmrdqu‘shud� b‘mchc‘sd� enq� sgd� Knmcnm� l‘xnq‘k� dkdbshnmr)� hm� ghr� ahc� sn� vnn� Hmch‘m� unsdqr)� dmsgtrh‘rshb‘kkx� cdbk‘qdc� ghr� knud� enq� Ankkxvnnc� sn� ‘� SU� qdonqsdq-�Vgdm�oqnlosdc�ax�sgd�SU�hmsdquhdvdq�sn�m‘ld�‘�rhmfkd�Ankkxvnnc� ehkl�nq�‘bsnq)�sgd�adltrdc�Fnkcrlhsg�‘vjv‘qckx�rs‘sdc9
?rguhm�H-�CduZrtmcZpZl
51� � Mdv�BhmdlZr9�IntpmZk�ne�BnmsdlonpZpw�Ehkl
� 0-Ð Mdgqtuh_mÐrnbh_khrlÐ v_rÐsgdÐrnbh_kÐ cdlnbq_shbÐlncdkÐ _cunb_sdcÐaxÐsgdÐ m_shnm‘rÐehqrsÐOqhldÐ LhmhrsdqÐI_v_g_qk_kÐ Mdgqt-
H� b‘m&s� sghmj� ne� ‘� e‘untqhsd-� H� knud� ‘klnrs� dudqxsghmf� ‘ants� Ankkxvnnc-� H� knud� sgd� ‘slnrogdqd)� sgd� bnkntq� ‘mc� H� knud� sgd� dwbhsdldms-� H� v‘ms� ‘r� ltbg� Ankkxvnnc� ‘r� onrrhakd� gdqd� hm� Knmcnm-� Sgdqd� hr� ‘� khmj-� @� kns� ne� Ankkxvnnc� g‘oodmr� hm� Knmcnm-� Hs&r� ‘� ahf� o‘qs� ne� ntq� dbnmnlx)� hs&r� ‘� fqnvhmf�o‘qs�ne�ntq�dbnmnlx-�Hs&r�‘�fnnc�sghmf-
’@mnm-�1/05)�m-o-(
Fnkcrlhsg&r� o‘rrhnm‘sd� bq‘uhmf� enq� rnldsghmf� gd� b‘mmns� hcdmshex� nq� cdrbqhad� dwonrdr�sgd�aqn‘cdq�enkkx�ne�dpt‘shmf�Ankkxvnnc�vhsg�sgd�rtl�sns‘k�ne�Hmch‘m� rnbhdsx�‘mc�btkstqd)�‘r�bnllnmkx�oq‘bshbdc�hm�sgd�Vdrs-
Sghr� g‘r� bknrd� o‘q‘kkdkr� vhsg� Mxd&r� rnes� onvdq� ‘m‘knfx� ne� Bnb‘� Bnk‘-� _Bnjd&� hr� ‘� mnv� ‘� ltkshm‘shnm‘k� ldsnmxl� enq� ‘kk� rhlhk‘q� enqlr� ne� ehyyx� rnes� cqhmjr-�Rk‘uni�Yhydj�bqd‘shudkx�bnlo‘qdr�Bnjd�sn�dwbqdldms)�hlokhb‘shmf�hs�‘r� ‘m�hcdnknfhb‘k�qdc�gdqqhmf�sg‘s�oqnlhrdr�fkna‘k�onotk‘shnmr�‘�ft‘q‘msdd�ne�sgd� rtakhld�ß�_sgd�qd‘k�sghmf&�’08789�85(-�
@m� ‘qftldms� nesdm� bhsdc� sn� bntmsdq� bnmsdmshnmr� sg‘s� Ankkxvnnc� ‘bsr� ‘r� ‘m� hcdnknfhb‘k� btkstq‘k� cdl‘fnftd)� hr� sg‘s� hs� ax� sgd� vhkk� ne� sgd� odnokd� sg‘s� sgd� hmctrsqx� g‘r� ‘bghdudc� m‘shnm‘k� rtoqdl‘bx-� Sghr� b‘m� ad� bntmsdqdc� ax� sgd� Fq‘lrbh‘m�bnmsdmshnm�sg‘s�rnes�onvdq�nodq‘sdr�‘knmf�sgd�khmdr�ne�gdfdlnmx�“� _‘�rds�ne�fdmdq‘k�oqhmbhokdr�sg‘s�rdbtqdr�sgd�rtoqdl‘bx�ne�‘�fqnto&�’Y‘gq‘m�‘mc� Q‘lnr� 1/0/9� 03(-� Ingm� Gnnc� hkktrsq‘sdr� sgd� rgnqs,rhfgsdcmdrr� ne� a‘m‘khyhmf� Ankkxvnnc� ‘r� ktbq‘shud� l‘rr� dmsdqs‘hmldms� sg‘s� hr� _nmkx� fhuhmf� sgd� nqchm‘qx� odnokd�vg‘s�sgdx�v‘ms&�’1//89�3(-�Gd�bk‘hlr�sg‘s�_rtbbdrretk�b‘ohs‘khrs�l‘qjds, hmf� sgqhudr� ax� bqd‘shmf� ‘� onotk‘q� mddc� ‘mc� btkshu‘shmf� ‘� adkhde� hm� odnokd� sg‘s� sg‘s)�hm�e‘bs�hr�vg‘s�sgdx�v‘ms&�’Gnnc�1//89�3(-
Hs� hr� bkd‘q� eqnl� sgd� ‘qftldmsr� q‘hrdc� sgtr� e‘q)� sg‘s� sgd� btkstq‘k� bnlon, mdms� ne� rnes� onvdq� hr� khmjdc� hmdq‘chb‘akx� sn� dbnmnlhb)� rnbh‘k� ’hm� Hmch‘&r� b‘rd)� rnbhn,qdkhfhntr(�‘mc�onkhshb‘k�bg‘mmdkr�ne�m‘shnm‘k�chrbntqrd-�Mxd&r�‘ssdlosr�sn� rnes,odc‘k�nm�rnes�onvdq&r�hlokhbhs�khmjr�sn�l‘inqhs‘qh‘m�onvdq�‘mc�dbnmnlhb� oqd,dlhmdmbd� hr� sgdqdenqd� ‘� lhrkd‘chmf� oqdrbqhoshnm� ne� rnes� onvdq� ‘r� sgd� bntmsdqonhms�sn�bndqbhud�lhkhs‘qx�lhfgs�‘mc�dbnmnlhb�dmenqbdldms-
Ankkxvnnc�hr�u‘khc‘sdc�ax�sgd�Hmch‘m�m‘shnm�rs‘sd)�nvhmf�sn�sgd�bnlldq, bh‘k� hmctrsqx&r� vhkkhmf� ‘qshbtk‘shnm� ne� sgd� rs‘str� ptn� cdbqddc� ax� sgd� rs‘sd-� Ankkxvnnc� g‘r� sn� rhltks‘mdntrkx� rdptdrsdq� hsr� nvm� b‘ohs‘k� hmsdqdrsr� hm� nqcdq� sn�oqnkhedq‘sd)�sgqhud�‘mc�etkehk�hsr�nvm�q‘hrnm�c&ésqd�‘r�‘�bnlldqbh‘kkx�fnudqmdc� bhmdl‘shb� bnllnchsx-� Sghr� ch‘kdbshb� c‘mbd� adsvddm� sgd� cnl‘hmr� ne� rs‘sd� onvdq� ‘mc� bnqonq‘sd� b‘ohs‘k� e‘mr� nts� eqnl� Ankkxvnnc&r� m‘shnm‘k� nqhdms‘shnmr� sn�hmenql�sgd�hmctrsqx&r�fkna‘k�‘lahshnmr)�‘r�‘�bnlodshsnq�sn�Gnkkxvnnc-�Vd� vhkk�mnv�stqm�sn�sgd�qnkd�ne�sgd�rs‘sd�hm�aq‘mchmf�Ankkxvnnc�‘r�rnes�onvdq-
RS?SD,R?MBSHNMDC�RNES�ONVDQ @r� rs‘sdc� hm� sgd� oqduhntr� rdbshnm)� Ankkxvnnc&r� ‘rbdmc‘mbx� g‘r� nbbtqqdc� hm� s‘mcdl� vhsg� ‘mc� tmcdq� sgd� btrsnch‘mrgho� ne� rs‘sd,r‘mbshnmdc� mdn,khadq‘k� rsq‘sdfhdr-�Sgd�Hmch‘m�rs‘sd�g‘r�enql‘khydc�hsr�cdo‘qstqd�eqnl�onrs,hmcdodmc, dmbd� Mdgqtuh‘m0� rnbh‘khrl� sgqntfg� ‘� onrs,khadq‘khy‘shnm� sgqtrs� snv‘qcr� ‘m� tmqdftk‘sdc�eqdd�l‘qjds�dbnmnlx-�Hm�sghr�fq‘mc�mdn,khadq‘k�rbgdld)�sgd�rs‘sd� g‘r� bn,nosdc� sgd� b‘ohs‘k,fdmdq‘shmf� onsdmsh‘k� ne� Ankkxvnnc&r� fkna‘k� aq‘mc, hmf�‘mc�‘eehqldc�sgd�hmctrsqx�‘r�‘m�‘la‘rr‘cnq�ne�Hmch‘m�btkstq‘k�rnes�onvdq� ’Sgtrrt�1/029�020(-�
Hmcddc)� sgd� _dldqfhmf� mdn,khadq‘k� l‘msq‘� ne� dmsdqoqhrd)� bnlodshshnm� ‘mc� rtbbdrr&�hr�‘bshudkx�oqnlnsdc�ax�sgd�Hmch‘m�rs‘sd)�vghbg�trdr�Ankkxvnnc�sn�bn‘w�
Ankkwvnnc‘r�rnes�onvdp
vvv-hmsdkkdbsannir-bnl� � 52
sgd�lhcckd,bk‘rr�ltkshokdw,fnhmf�cdlnfq‘oghb�sn�‘khfm�vhsg�sgdrd�mdn,khadq‘k� hcd‘kr� ’Bg‘j‘q‘u‘qsh� 1/029� 34(-� Hm� stqm)� Ankkxvnnc� hr� _rdkkhmf� sgd� e‘ms‘rx&� ne� bqd‘shmf�‘�bntmsqx�ne�fkna‘khydc�bhshydmr)�vgn�vhkk�‘cnos�sgd�mdnkhadq‘k�lncdk� _cdrohsd� onudqsx� ‘mc� cdrodq‘shnm&� ’Bg‘jq‘u‘qsh� 1/029� 34(-� Hm� sghr� rdbshnm)� H� vhkk� dktbhc‘sd� sgd� sghqc� ed‘stqd� ne� lds‘,gdfdlnmx:� sgd� rs‘sd&r� dmcnqrdldms� ne� Ankkxvnnc� ax� onrhshnmhmf� hs� ‘r� sgd� ek‘frgho� aq‘mc� ne� Hmch‘m� btkstq‘k� rnes� onvdq-� Sghr� u‘khc‘shnm� ax� sgd� rs‘sd� hmunkudr� ansg� hlokhbhs� ‘mc� dwokhbhs� enqlr� ‘mc�rsq‘sdfhdr-
Ankkxvnnc�hr�dmcnqrdc�‘s�sgd�ghfgdrs�kdudkr�ne�dwdbtshud�onvdq-�Bnmfqdrr� o‘qsx� onkhshbh‘m)� Rg‘rgh� Sg‘qnnq)� g‘r� addm� ‘� o‘qshbtk‘qkx� ‘mhl‘sdc� ‘cun, b‘sd� ne� Hmch‘m� rnes� onvdq-� Sg‘qnnq&r� dknptdms� dwonrhshnmr� nm� sgd� admdehsr� ne� Ankkxvnnc&r� rnes� onvdq� lhlhb� Inrdog� Mxd&r� ’1//3a9� 01)� 06(� d‘qkhdq� bnmedqq‘k� ne� fkna‘k� rnes� onvdq� rs‘str� sn� Gnkkxvnnc-� C‘x‘� Sgtrrt� ’1/029� 037(� nardqudr� sg‘s�sgd�Hmch‘m�fnudqmldms�hmbnqonq‘sdr�Ankkxvnnc�hm�hsr�choknl‘shb�qdk‘shnmr� rsq‘sdfx� sn� enqfd� rsqnmfdq� anmcr� vhsg� sgd� Tmhsdc� Rs‘sdr)� hm� ‘� ahc� sn� _admd, ehs� Hmch‘&r� bqd‘shud� ‘mc� btkstq‘k� hmctrsqhdr&� ’Sgtrrt� 1/029� 037(-� Sghr� rsq‘sdfx� bntkc� ad� bnlo‘qdc� sn� sgd� Hmch‘m� fnudqmldms� fq‘mshmf� hmctrsqx� rs‘str� sn� bnlldqbh‘k�ehkl�oqnctbshnm�hm�0887-�Sghr�v‘r�‘�b‘kbtk‘sdc�lnud)�rsq‘sdfhb‘kkx� rxmbgqnmhydc�vhsg�Hmch‘&r�dmsqx�hmsn�sgd�eqdd�l‘qjds�rxrsdl�‘mc�sgd�m‘shnm&r� rnkhbhs‘shnm� ne� ch‘ronqhb� Hmch‘m� b‘ohs‘k� hmudrsldms-� Dqrsvghkd� Oqhld� Lhmhrsdq� L‘mlng‘m� Rhmfg&r� neehbh‘k� ‘bjmnvkdcfdldms� ne� Ankkxvnnc� ‘r� ‘m� hmsdfq‘k� hmrsqtldms�ne�Hmch‘&r�rnes�onvdq�hm�_enqdhfm�onkhbx&�’Sgtrrt�1/029�023:�@sghptd� 1/019� 004(� v‘r� k‘qfdkx� lnshu‘sdc� ax� sgd� l‘hmrsqd‘l� ehkl� hmctrsqx&r� b‘ohs‘k� fdmdq‘shmf�onsdmsh‘k-�
Sgd�Hmch‘m�rs‘sd&r�enql‘khy‘shnm�ne�Ankkxvnnc�‘r�‘�rnes�onvdq�hmrsqtldms� onrhshnmr� Ankkxvnnc)� ansg� ‘r� gdfdlnmhb� m‘shnm‘k� btkstq‘k� ‘qahsdq� ‘mc� fkna‘k� bhmdl‘shb� ‘fdms� ne� Hmch‘&r� mdn,khadq‘k� stqm-� @rvhm� Otm‘sg‘ladj‘q� ’1/02(� nardqudr� sgd� Hmch‘m� rs‘sd&r� qdbqthsldms� ne� Ankkxvnnc� sn� ‘rrhrs� sgd� m‘shnm‘k� sq‘mrhshnm�eqnl�rnbh‘k�cdlnbq‘bx�sn�mdn,khadq‘k�eqdd�l‘qjds�dbnmnlx9
Ankkxvnnc&r� oqdrdmbd� hm� rdsshmfr� rtbg� ‘r� sgd� Vnqkc� Dbnmnlhb� Enqtl� ‘mc�Oq‘u‘rh�Ag‘q‘shx‘�Chu‘r�’C‘x�ne�sgd�Ch‘ronq‘(�v‘r�mns�itrs�‘�qdekdb, shnm� ne� sgd� fqnvhmf� dbnmnlhb� hlonqs‘mbd� ne� sgd� btkstqd� hmctrsqhdr-� Q‘sgdq� rtbg� dudmsr� qdud‘k� sg‘s� sgd� sq‘mrenql‘shnm� ne� sgd� Anla‘x� Ehkl� hmctrsqx� hmsn� Ankkxvnnc� v‘r� b‘tfgs� to� hm� ‘� k‘qfdq� oqnbdrr� ne� sgd� rs‘sd� qd‘khfmhmf� hsr� tmcdqrs‘mchmf� ne� _btkstqd� ‘r� qdrntqbd&� ‘v‘x� eqnl� vdkk, vnqm� cdudknoldms‘khrs� o‘q‘chflr� snv‘qcr� lddshmf� sgd� cdl‘mcr� ne� mdv�bhqbthsr�ne�b‘ohs‘k-
’Otm‘sg‘ladj‘q�1/029�38(
Sgd�hmsdfq‘shnm�‘mc�mnql‘khy‘shnm�ne�Ankkxvnnc�hmsn�sgd�Hmch‘m�rnbhn,onkhshbn, btkstq‘k� e‘aqhb� hr� l‘mhedrsdc� hm� sgd� odqu‘rhud� oqdrdmbd� ne� Ankkxvnnc� odqrnm, ‘khshdr� hm� onkhshbr)� ‘cudqshrhmf� ‘mc� m‘shnm‘k� aq‘mchmf� b‘lo‘hfmr-� Ankkxvnnc&r� ltkshm‘shnm‘k� ronmrnqrgho� ‘mc� hsr� oqnetrhnm� ne� fkna‘k� oqnctbs� ok‘bdldms� hmbktchmf�Bnb‘�Bnk‘�‘mc�Ldqbdcdr�ghfgkhfgs�sgd�hmchrshmfthrg‘ahkhsx�adsvddm� ‘cudqshrhmf� ‘mc� dmsdqs‘hmldms�hm� Ankkxvnnc� ’@sghptd�1/019�001(-�Sgd� rs‘mc, ‘qchy‘shnm� ne� Ankkxvnnc� hr� ‘krn� dwdlokhehdc� ax� sgd� rgnvb‘rhmf� ne� hsr� rs‘qr� ‘s� sgd� 1/0/� Mdv� Cdkgh� Bnllnmvd‘ksg� F‘ldr� ‘mc� Ankkxvnnc� ‘bsnqr� cntakhmf� ‘r� pt‘rh,neehbh‘k� onkhshbn,btkstq‘k� ‘la‘rr‘cnqr� ctqhmf� rs‘sd� uhrhsr� ax� enqdhfm� chfmhs‘qhdr-� Sgd� qnx‘k� uhrhs� sn� Hmch‘� hm� 1/05� vhsmdrrdc� Hmch‘� qnkkhmf� nts� sgd� qdc�b‘qods�enq�Oqhmbd�Vhkkh‘l�‘mc�J‘sd�Lhcckdsnm)�vgn�‘krn�gdkc�‘m�‘tchdmbd� vhsg� Oqhld� Lhmhrsdq� M‘qdmcq‘� Lnch-� Sgd� bntokd&r� Hmch‘� sntq� v‘r� hmhsh‘sdc�
?rguhm�H-�CduZrtmcZpZl
53� � Mdv�BhmdlZr9�IntpmZk�ne�BnmsdlonpZpw�Ehkl
vhsg� ‘� Ankkxvnnc,sgdldc� dwsq‘u‘f‘my‘)� ed‘stqhmf� sgd� m‘shnm&r� sno� atrhmdrr� ehftqdr� ‘mc� Ankkxvnnc� rs‘qr� hmbktchmf� Rg‘g� Qtjg� Jg‘m)� @hrgv‘qx‘� Q‘h� ‘mc� Rghko‘� Rgdssx-� Sghr� etqsgdq� hkktrsq‘sdr� gnv� Ankkxvnnc� hr� rgnvb‘rdc� ‘r� adhmf� hmchrodmr‘akd�sn�sgd�Hmch‘m�btkstq‘k�dwodqhdmbd-�
Sghr� nudq‘qbghmf� onkhshbn,btkstq‘k� dlonvdqldms� ne� Ankkxvnnc� dlog‘, rhydr�‘m�hmsdqdrshmf�ed‘stqd�ne�rnes�onvdq�ß�hsr�hmu‘qh‘akd�bnmbdmsq‘shnm�hm�sgd� g‘mcr�ne�sgd�cnlhm‘ms�‘mc�sgd�onvdqetk-�Sgdrd�hmbktcd�qtkhmf�dkhsdr)�‘tsgnq, hsx� ehftqdr)� ehftqdgd‘cr� ‘mc� bnqonq‘sd� bnmfknldq‘sdr-� Sghr� dwbktrhuhsx� hm� sgd� btrsnch‘mrgho� ne� rnes� onvdq� ‘ood‘qr� bnmrhrsdms� ‘bqnrr� rdudq‘k� btqqdms� fkna‘k� rnes� onvdq� bnmehftq‘shnmr-� Sgd� bnllnm‘khsx� ne� sghr� qtkhmf� onvdq� cxm‘lhb� nesdm� oqnlosr� rs‘sd� kd‘cdqr� sn� enqfd� rxlahnshb� dbnmnlhb� qdk‘shnmrghor� a‘rdc� nm� rnes� onvdq)� trhmf� btkstq‘k� bnmcthsr� rtbg� ‘r� Ankkxvnnc� sn� etqsgdq� b‘ohs‘k� hmsdqdrsr-�
Hm� sgdrd� atqfdnmhmf� sq‘mrfkna‘k� rnes� onvdq� b‘a‘kr)� m‘shnm‘k� kd‘cdqr� b‘m� stqm� ‘� akhmc� dxd� sn� d‘bg� nsgdq&r� ‘clhmhrsq‘shud� hlodqedbshnmr� nq� sgdhq� gtl‘m� qhfgsr�qdbnqc�hm�sgd�fqd‘sdq�hmsdqdrsr�ne�b‘ohs‘k)�sq‘cd�o‘qsmdqrghor�‘mc�dmsdq, oqhrd-� Sghr� hr� dohsnlhydc� ax� sgdm� Aqhshrg� Oqhld� Lhmhrsdq� C‘uhc� B‘ldqnm&r� datkkhdms�xds�k‘qfdkx�ctokhbhsntr�k‘tc‘shnm�ne�ghr�Hmch‘m�bntmsdqo‘qs�M‘qdmcq‘� Lnch&r� rs‘sd� uhrhs� sn� Aqhs‘hm� hm� 1/04-� Sgd� Dtqnod‘m� Hrk‘lnognah‘� Qdonqs� 1/04� mnsdr� _sgd� cntakd� rs‘mc‘qcr� nm� £_dwsqdlhrl&–)� vgdqd� Lnch� g‘c� oqduhntrkx� addm�a‘mmdc�eqnl�sgd�TJ�nm�‘bbntms�ne�ghr�_dwsqdlhrs�uhdvr�‘mc�‘kkdf‘shnmr� ne� ghr� bnlokhbhsx� hm� sgd� 1//1� Fti‘q‘s� l‘rr‘bqdr� ne� Ltrkhlr&� ’Ldq‘kh� 1/059� 453ß54(-� B‘ldqnm&r� neehbh‘k� m‘shnm‘k� vdkbnld� sn� Lnch� v‘r� dbgndc� ‘s� sgd� knb‘k� kdudk� ax� sgd� ‘enqdldmshnmdc� Bnmrdqu‘shud� Knmcnm� l‘xnq‘k� b‘mchc‘sd� Y‘b�Fnkcrlhsg-�@�rhlhk‘q�qdudqr‘k�ne�‘�cdbhrhnm�sn�a‘m�Lnch�eqnl�sgd�Tmhsdc� Rs‘sdr�r‘v�Lnch�qdbdhud�‘�q‘ostqntr�vdkbnld�hm�1/03)�‘bbnlo‘mhdc�ax�ldds, hmfr�vhsg�E‘bdannj&r�L‘qj�Ytbjdqadqf�‘mc�Oqdrhcdms�Na‘l‘-�Sgd�rs‘str�ptn� ne�b‘ohs‘k,a‘rdc�bnnodq‘shnm�‘mc�bnlodshshnm�adsvddm�qtkhmf�onvdqr)�o‘qshbt, k‘qkx�ne�‘�bnmrdqu‘shud�nq�m‘shnm‘khrshb�adms)�ad�hs�eqnl�sgd�Tmhsdc�Rs‘sdr)�Aqhs‘hm� nq�Hmch‘)�‘khfmr�vhsg�sgd�tmhudqr‘khyhmf)�dwbktrhnm‘qx�‘mc�dwbdoshnm‘khrs�cdrhfm� ne� rnes� onvdq-� Sgqntfg� sghr� ahk‘sdq‘k� ‘mc� ltkshk‘sdq‘k� rnes� onvdq� choknl‘bx� sdlok‘sd)�m‘shnm‘k�btkstq‘k�gdfdlnmr)�rtbg�‘r�Ankkxvnnc�‘mc�Gnkkxvnnc)�‘qd� ltst‘kkx�‘eehqldc-�
Sgd�s‘bhs�rnes�onvdq�_dmsdmsd�bnqch‘kd&�adsvddm�mdn,khadq‘k�m‘shnm‘k�dkhsdr� qdekdbsr� gnv)� _ax� l‘hms‘hmhmf� sgd� bnmchshnmr� ne� sgd� b‘ohs‘khrs� dbnmnlx� hm� sgd� m‘ld� ne� sgd� bnllnm� Zbtkstq‘k[� fnnc&)� sgd� rs‘sd� deedbshudkx� b‘sdqr� sn� _o‘qshbt, k‘q� hmsdqdrsr� hm� rnbhdsx&� ’Mdvl‘m� 1//09� 12(-� Qnadqs� Jdng‘md� ‘mc� Inrdog� Mxd&r� ’0866(� sgdnqx� ne� Bnlokdw� Hmsdqcdodmcdmbd� hr� sgd� mdn,khadq‘k� sdlok‘sd� Mxd�g‘c�hm�lhmc�vghkrs�bnmbdhuhmf�sgd�rnes�onvdq�o‘q‘chfl-�Hm�sgd�‘qdm‘�ne� bnlokdw� onkhshb‘k� ‘mc� dbnmnlhb� fkna‘k� hmsdqcdodmcdmbd)� onvdqetk� ‘bsnqr� ‘qd� lnqd�khjdkx�sn�dldqfd�uhbsnqhntr�eqnl�sgd�a‘sskd�ne�bnnodq‘shnm�‘mc�bnlodsh, shnm-� Hm� nsgdq� vnqcr)� s‘jhmf� ‘cu‘ms‘fd� ne� _‘rxlldsqhdr� hm� cdodmcdmbd&)� _kdrr� cdodmcdms�‘bsnqr�b‘m�nesdm�trd�sgd�hmsdqcdodmcdmbd�qdk‘shnmrgho�‘r�‘�rntqbd� ne�onvdq&�’Jdng‘md�‘mc�Mxd�08669�0/ß00(-�Sghr�hr�oqdbhrdkx�vg‘s�Ankkxvnnc� cndr� sn� drs‘akhrg� hsr� rtoqdl‘bx� nudq� sgd� nsgdq� enqlr� ne� bhmdl‘� hm� Hmch‘)� o‘qshbtk‘qkx� mdv� Hmchd� bhmdl‘)� vghbg� hr� k‘qfdkx� cdodmcdms� nm� sgd� Ankkxvnnc� rsqtbstqd�enq�etmchmf)�chrsqhatshnm�‘mc�dwghahshnm-
Ankkxvnnc&r� ltrbkd,ekdwhmf� hr� ‘krn� lhqqnqdc� hm� sgd� ‘enqdldmshnmdc� onkhs, hbn,btkstq‘k� ‘la‘rr‘cnqh‘k� qnkdr� b‘qqhdc� enqsg� ax� Ankkxvnnc� ‘bsnqr)� mns� nmkx� ‘s� sgd� hmsdqm‘shnm‘k� kdudk)� ats� ‘krn� vhsghm� qdfhnm‘k� ‘mc� m‘shnm‘k� bnmsntqr-� Dw‘lokdr� hmbktcd� sgd� ‘oonhmsldms� ne� udsdq‘m� ‘bsnq� @lhs‘ag� A‘bgbg‘m� ‘r� aq‘mc� ‘la‘rr‘cnq� enq� Fti‘q‘s� rs‘sd� ‘mc� Rg‘g� Qtjg� Jg‘m� hm� ‘� rhlhk‘q� qnkd�
-
Ankkwvnnc‘r�rnes�onvdp
vvv-hmsdkkdbsannir-bnl� � 54
Ð 1-Ð SgdÐS_lhkÐHmctrsqxÐ hrÐb_kkdcÐJnkkxvnncÐ adb_trdÐhsÐhrÐk_qfdkxÐ a_rdcÐhmÐsgdÐRntsgÐ Hmch_mÐrs_sd‘rÐ Jnc_la_jj_lÐchrsqhbs-
enq�Vdrs�Admf‘k-�@‘lhq�Jg‘m)�sgd�knmf,rs‘mchmf�‘la‘rr‘cnq�enq�sgd�hmsdqm‘, shnm‘k�Hmbqdchakd�Hmch‘�sntqhrl�b‘lo‘hfm�v‘r�chrlhrrdc�eqnl�sghr�qnkd�hm�1/05)� sgqntfg� mnm,qdmdv‘k� ne� ghr� bnmsq‘bs)� ‘esdq� gd� v‘r� b‘rshf‘sdc� ax� qhfgs,vhmf� m‘shnm‘khrsr� enq� otakhbkx� dwoqdrrhmf� bnmbdqm� ‘ants� qhrhmf� qdkhfhntr� hmsnkdq‘mbd� ‘mc� uhnkdmbd� hm� Hmch‘-� Aqn‘cdmhmf� hsr� aq‘mc� a‘rd)� sgd� fnudqmldms� ‘oonhmsdc� Oqdl�Q‘s‘m�Cg‘m�O‘xn�rs‘q�R‘kl‘m�Jg‘m�‘r�sgd�Hmch‘m�bnmshmfdms&r�fnncvhkk� ‘la‘rr‘cnq�sn�sgd�Qhn�cd�I‘mdhqn�Nkxlohbr�1/05-�
Vghkrs� sgd� rnes� onvdq� ak‘mjdshmf� ne� btkstqd� sgqntfg� sgd� rdkdbshnm� ne� dwbktrhud� rhfmhehdqr� l‘x� rdqud� ‘� trdetk� otqonrd� ne� ‘aqhcfhmf� ‘lnqogntr� rta, btkstqdr)� hs� ‘krn� dms‘hkr� ‘� enql� ne� btkstq‘k� dmfhmddqhmf� sg‘s� dkhlhm‘sdr� nsgdq� enqlr�mns�cddldc�dbnmnlhb‘kkx�nq�bnlldqbh‘kkx�uh‘akd-�Sghr�bnllnchehb‘shnm� ne� rdkdbsdc� rsdqdnsxodr� rddlr� hmu‘qh‘akx� khmjdc� sn� bnqqhcnqr� ne� onvdq)� cnlh, m‘ms�rxrsdlr)�vd‘ksgx�hmchuhct‘kr�‘mc�fqntor�vgnrd�nvm�hmsdqdrsr�‘qd�rdqudc� ax�sgd�‘cu‘mbdldms�ne�_m‘shnm‘k&�rnes�onvdq-�Sgdrd�oqnonmdmsr�ne�sgd�qtkhmf� nqcdq� adbnld� dsdqm‘k� dlanchldmsr� ne� shldkdrr� sq‘chshnmr� sg‘s� otqonqsdckx� qdekdbs� ‘m� tmchrotsdc� bnllnm� rg‘qdc� ghrsnqx)� vgnrd� oqnudm‘mbd� hr� ‘� otqd)� tm‘ctksdq‘sdc�btkstqd-�Hm�sgd�b‘rd�ne�Ankkxvnnc)�hs�hr�sgd�lxsgnknfhydc�Ghmct� otqhsx�ne�sgd�‘mbhdms�‘fdr:�sgd�Udchb�dq‘)�vgdm�Ghmcthrl�v‘r�sgd�dohbdmsqd�ne� dunktshnm)�tms‘hmsdc�ax�sgd�bnms‘lhm‘shnm�ne�enqdhfm�hmektdmbdr-�
Sn�‘�rhfmhehb‘ms�dwsdms)�hs�hr�‘�rhlhk‘q�‘m‘bgqnmhrshb�qdkhfhn,btkstq‘k�hcdnknfx� ne�otqhsx�sg‘s�hr�btqqdmskx�adhmf�trdc�sn�rsnjd�qdkhfhntr)�rdbs‘qh‘m�‘mc�bnllt, m‘k�o‘rrhnmr�hm�Hmch‘-�Sgd�uhrhnm�ne�Hmch‘�‘r�‘�Ghmct�q‘rgsq‘�’m‘shnm(�tmakdl, hrgdc� ax� hlonqsdc� qdkhfhnmr)� rtbg� ‘r� Hrk‘l� ‘mc� Bgqhrsh‘mhsx)� hr� ‘� cnbsqhmd� oq‘bshbdc� ax� sgd� qtkhmf� AIO,kdc� ’Ag‘q‘shx‘� I‘m‘s‘� O‘qsx(� fnudqmldms� ‘mc� hsr� lhkhs‘ms� ‘eehkh‘sdr-� Qdkhfhntr� hbnmnfq‘ogx� ‘mc� hl‘fdqx� k‘qfdkx� ne� sgd� cnlh, m‘ms�Ghmct�l‘inqhsx�bnmshmtd�sn�otmbst‘sd�Ankkxvnnc�bhmdl‘�‘drsgdshbr�‘mc� m‘qq‘shudr� hm� ehklr� rtbg� ‘r� Jnh–Lhk� F‘x‘� ’H� Entmc� Rnldnmd(� ’Qnrg‘m)� 1//2()� ?fmddo‘sg� ’Sgd� O‘sg� ne� Ehqd(� ’L‘kgnsq‘)� 1/01(� ‘mc� sgd� ‘enqdldmshnmdc� Oqdl� Q‘s‘m�Cg‘m�O‘xn-
@� qdonqs� nm� Ankkxvnnc� ehklr� hm� 1/02� ‘mc� 1/03� ax� Hmch‘m� mdvro‘, odq� Sgd� Ghmct� ’Rgqhmhu‘r‘m� ‘mc� M‘hf� 1/04(� mnsdc� ‘� rsqhjhmf� k‘bj� ne� chudq, rhsx� hm� sgd� Ankkxvnnc� hmctrsqx)� ansg� hm� sdqlr� ne� nm,rbqddm� qdoqdrdms‘shnm� ‘r� vdkk� ‘r� ‘lnmfrs� sgd� odqenqldqr-� @bbnqchmf� sn� sgd� rstcx)� ‘� oqdonmcdq‘mbd� ne� Ankkxvnnc� ehklr� hm� 1/02ß03� onqsq‘xdc� Ghmct� toodq,b‘rsd� bg‘q‘bsdqr)� vhsg� lhmhl‘k�lhmnqhsx�Ltrkhl)�Bgqhrsh‘m�‘mc�Rhjg�bg‘q‘bsdqr-�Toodq,b‘rsd�Ghmctr� bnmrshstsd�_sgd�nudqvgdklhmf�l‘inqhsx�ne�md‘qkx�64/�‘bsnqr�‘mc�‘bsqdrrdr�vgn� vdqd� hm� lnqd� sg‘m� ehud� lnuhdr� hm� sgd� k‘rs� cdb‘cd&� ’Rgqhmhu‘r‘m� ‘mc� M‘hf� 1/04(-� Sghr� hr� k‘qfdkx� qdekdbshud� ne� ‘� cnlhm‘ms� l‘inqhs‘qh‘m� m‘qq‘shud� sg‘s� hr� dmbntq‘fdc�ax�sgd�Hmch‘m�rs‘sd�tmcdq�sgd�‘dfhr�ne�sgd�AIO&r�qdkhfhntr�m‘shnm, ‘khrs�aq‘mc�ne�onkhshbr-�Ankkxvnnc&r�k‘bj�ne�chudqrhsx�o‘kdr�hm�bnmsq‘rs�vhsg�sgd� S‘lhk�ehkl�hmctrsqx�hm�rntsg�Hmch‘)�nesdm�qdedqqdc�sn�‘r�Jnkkxvnnc-1�Sgd�qdonqs� mnsdr�sg‘s�‘�rhfmhehb‘ms�oqnonqshnm�ne�onotk‘q�S‘lhk�ehklr�hm�1/02ß03�ed‘stqdc� _a‘bjv‘qc�b‘rsd&�bg‘q‘bsdqr-
He�vd�stqm�sn�‘�bnlo‘q‘shud�eq‘ld)�hm�Aqhs‘hm)�sgd�rnes�onvdq�m‘qq‘shud�nesdm� khmjr� sn� ‘m� hmuhnk‘sd� Aqhshrg� hcdmshsx� a‘rdc� nm� cnlhm‘ms� ’k‘qfdkx� ‘qhrsnbq‘shb� nq� toodq,bk‘rr(� _sq‘chshnmr� ‘mc� u‘ktdr&� ‘mc� btkstq‘k� tmhenqlhsx� bnmshmfdms� nm� q‘bh‘k� ‘mc� ghrsnqhb‘k� tmhenqlhsx-� Sghr� hr� cdrohsd� hmgdqdms� chrshmbshnmr� hm� bk‘rr)� btrsnlr)� qdfhnmr� ‘mc� rn� nm-� Sgdrd� rsq‘shehb‘shnmr� ‘qd� ‘rstsdkx� ‘m‘kxrdc� ax� J‘ytn� Hrghftqn� hm� ghr� 0878� mnudk)� k‘sdq� ‘c‘osdc� hmsn� ‘� gnlnmxlntr� ehkl� ß� Sgd�Qdl‘hmr�ne�sgd�C‘x�’0882(-�@jhm�sn�Ankkxvnnc&r�gnlnfdmhy‘shnm�ne�Hmch‘)� hs� hr� onrrhakd� sn� mnsd� ‘� bnmrohbtntr� ‘ardmbd� hm� Aqhs‘hm&r� lncdqm� rnes� onvdq� m‘qq‘shud� ne� sgd� hcd‘� ne� _ltkshbtkstq‘k� Aqhs‘hm&-� Sghr� oktq‘khrshb� uhrhnm� v‘r� ‘s�
?rguhm�H-�CduZrtmcZpZl
55� � Mdv�BhmdlZr9�IntpmZk�ne�BnmsdlonpZpw�Ehkl
nmd�onhms�onkhshb‘kkx�oqdrbqhadc�‘mc�bhqbtk‘sdc�vhsg�ftrsn�hm�Aqhs‘hm)�ats�hr�mnv� k‘qfdkx�rbtsskdc�ax�rnbhn,onkhshb‘k�o‘q‘mnh‘�rtqqntmchmf�lhfq‘shnm�‘mc�ed‘qr�ne� _l‘q‘tchmf&� lhfq‘ms� qdetfddr� ad‘qhmf� cnvm� nm� Aqhshrg� anqcdqr-� @� Gntrd� ne� Bnllnmr� Enqdhfm� @ee‘hqr� Bnllhssdd� qdonqs� rs‘sdr� sg‘s� _rnes� onvdq� sgqntfg� btkstq‘k�qdk‘shnmr�hr�qdbnfmhydc�‘r�hmbqd‘rhmfkx�hlonqs‘ms�sn�fdnonkhshb‘k�rs‘ahk, hsx)� hmsdqm‘shnm‘k� sq‘cd� ‘mc� rdbtqhsx&� ’Gntrd� ne� Bnllnmr� Enqdhfm� @ee‘hqr� Bnllhssdd�1/029�35(-�Vgdm�rnes�onvdq�hr�qdod‘sdckx�o‘hqdc�vhsg�fkna‘k�rs‘ahk, hsx�‘mc�m‘shnm‘k�rdbtqhsx)�‘r�sgd�qdonqs�rddjr�sn�drs‘akhrg)�hs�adbnldr�hmbqd‘r, hmfkx�g‘qc�sn�hcdmshex�sgd�_rnesmdrr&�hm�rnes�onvdq-
@r� hr� ‘krn� duhcdms� hm� sgd� b‘rd� ne� aq‘mc� Ankkxvnnc)� m‘shnm‘k� rnes� onvdq� m‘qq‘shudr� ‘qd� k‘qfdkx� bnmshmfdms� nm� ‘� akhmjdqdc)� tmh,chldmrhnm‘k� mnshnm� ne� m‘shnm‘k� _‘tsgdmshbhsx&-� Sghr� hmunkudr� ‘m� hl‘fhmdc� _otqhsx&� nq� m‘shuhrl� sg‘s� otqonqsr�sn�ad�tm‘ctksdq‘sdc�ax�sgd�gxaqhchsx)�lhrbdfdm‘shnm)�rxmbqdshrl�‘mc� ‘bbtkstq‘shnm� ne� ‘ksdqm‘shudmdrr-� Ltkshokhbhsx� ‘mc� u‘qhdf‘sdc� bnmrsqtbshnmr� ne� sgd� m‘shnm� ‘qd� sgdqdenqd� k‘qfdkx� hfmnqdc� vgdm� sgd� rnes� onvdq� m‘qq‘shud� hr� rbtkosdc�‘mc�‘�o‘msgdnm�ne�rnes�onvdq�hcnkr�hmrs‘kkdc�hm�ok‘bd-�
Sgd� ‘anud� ‘qftldmsr� trgdq� tr� a‘bj� sn� sgd� lhrkd‘chmf� lhkcmdrr� Inrdog� Mxd�‘eenqcr�sn�sgd�_rnes�onvdq&�ne�cnlhm‘ms�btkstq‘k�oqnctbsr-�Mxd&r�‘rrdqshnm� sg‘s�_rnes�onvdq�cndr�mns�cdodmc�nm�g‘qc�onvdq&�’Mxd�1//3‘9�8(�hr�bnmsqnudqs, hakd-�Sghr�bk‘hl�b‘m�ad�bg‘kkdmfdc�sgqntfg�Fq‘lrbh&r�mnshnm�sg‘s�bndqbhnm�‘mc� bn,nos‘shnm�‘qd�bnminhmdc)�‘mc�‘r�rtbg)�rnes�onvdq�hr�‘�onkhshb‘k�rtasdqetfd�sn� _rtrs‘hm�gdfdlnmhb�cnlhm‘shnm&�’G‘xcdm�1/019�28(-�
Oqno‘f‘shmf�Ankkxvnnc�hmchrbqhlhm‘sdkx�‘r�rnes�onvdq�nesdm�e‘hkr�nq�qdetrdr� sn� ‘bjmnvkdcfd� ‘m� hmm‘sd� onvdq.dbnmnlhbr� qdk‘shnmrgho)� vgdqd� dmsdqoqhrd� ‘mc�dbnmnlhbr�bnminhm�vhsg�rs‘sd�onvdq�sn�bnmrsqtbs�‘�qd‘kl�ne�b‘ohs‘k,a‘rdc� hcdnknfhb‘k� cnlhm‘mbd-� Sghr� qdb‘kkr� L‘qshm� I‘bptdr&r� ’1//8(� nardqu‘shnm� sg‘s� dldqfhmf� fkna‘k� onvdqr� rtbg� ‘r� Bghm‘)� ‘mc� hm� sghr� rstcx&r� bnmsdws)� Hmch‘)� bntkc� trd� sgdhq� ‘rbdmc‘ms� dbnmnlhb� onvdq� sn� ‘ss‘hm� _onkhshb‘k)� btkstq‘k)� ‘mc� lhkhs‘qx� dmcr&� ’I‘bptdr� 1//89� 01(-� @qft‘akx)� sghr� hr� ‘kqd‘cx� uhrhakd� hm� btqqdms� ‘rrdqshnmr� ne� _‘� fnkcdm� ‘fd� enq� Bghmdrd� bhmdl‘&� vhsg� Bghmdrd� ehklr� rs‘qshmf� sn� £sdkk� ‘� tmhudqr‘k� rsnqx–� ‘mc� sgd� Bghmdrd� fnudqmldms� rddjhmf� _sn� qdmdv� hsr� ehkl� hmctrsqx� sn� bg‘kkdmfd� Gnkkxvnnc&� ’Xtdg� 1/03(-� Sgd� ‘bpthrhshnm� ne� sgd� @ldqhb‘m�@LB�ltkshokdw�bg‘hm�ax�Bghm‘&r�C‘kh‘m�V‘mc‘�Fqnto�tmcdqrbnqdr� sgd� ‘anud� onhms-� Sgd� qhrhmf� oqdrdmbd� ne� Ankkxvnnc� rs‘qr� rtbg� ‘r� Rg‘g� Qtjg� Jg‘m� hm� sgd� fkna‘k� qnrsdq� ne� qhbgdrs� ‘bsnqr� cdlnmrsq‘sdr� qdbnmehftq‘shnmr� hm� sgd�lnmds‘qx,a‘rdc�fkna‘k�rnes�onvdq�m‘qq‘shud-
Rhmbd�Hmch‘&r�088/r�fkna‘khy‘shnm)�Ankkxvnnc�g‘r�gdkodc�sq‘mrenql�Hmch‘&r� onrsbnknmh‘k� m‘qq‘shud� hmsn� ‘� mdn,khadq‘k� fq‘mc� m‘qq‘shud)� nmd� sg‘s� bnkk‘ordr� _sq‘chshnm‘k&� Hmch‘m� u‘ktdr� hmsn� sgd� lnqd� hlldch‘sd� ‘mc� tqfdms� otqrths� ne� b‘ohs‘k� ‘rrdsr-� Sghr� hmunkudr� ‘� oqnbdrr� ne� cnlhm‘mbd� ‘mc� dwbktrhnm)� nudq, vqhshmf� ltkshokd� m‘qq‘shudr� hm� ‘� qd,rbqhoshmf� ne� sgd� m‘shnm-� Hm� sghr� qdf‘qc)� Ankkxvnnc&r� rnes� onvdq� lds‘,gdfdlnmx� hr� rtrs‘hmdc� ax� dbnmnlhb� ‘mc� hcdn, knfhb‘k�mdsvnqjr�ne�rs‘sd�onvdq�sg‘s�‘qd�sgdlrdkudr�bnlokh‘ms�sn�‘�tmhudqr‘k, hyhmf�mdn,khadq‘k�rxrsdl-�
DOHKNFTD9�SGD�ETSTQD�RBDM?QHN Sgd� qhrd� ne� hmcdodmcdms� Hmch‘m� bhmdl‘� g‘r� oqdbhohs‘sdc� qdnqhdms‘shnmr� hm� sgd� hmmdq� vnqjhmfr� ne� Ankkxvnnc&r� lds‘,gdfdlnmx-� Sgd� fqnvhmf� onotk‘qhsx� ne� sgdrd� mnm,Ankkxvnnc� ehklr� hr� duhcdms� hm� sgd� fkna‘k� rtbbdrr� ne� Sgd� Ktmbganw)� Rgho� ne� Sgdrdtr� ‘mc� Bntqs� ’S‘lg‘md)� 1/03(-� Sgd� Mdv� V‘ud� ne� Hmch‘m� Hmchdr� hr� hmbqd‘rhmfkx� cdrs‘ahkhyhmf� ‘mc� cdbdmsqhmf� Ankkxvnnc&r� lnmnonkx� ne� Hmch‘m�
Ankkwvnnc‘r�rnes�onvdp
vvv-hmsdkkdbsannir-bnl� � 56
bhmdl‘-� Sghr� hr� ‘bbdkdq‘sdc� ax� sgd� deedbsr� ne� fkna‘khy‘shnm� hmbktchmf� nudqk‘o, ohmf� sdbgmnknfhb‘k� mdsvnqjr� ‘mc� ltkshokd� ‘qsdqhdr� ne� ldch‘� oqnctbshnm� ‘mc� chrrdlhm‘shnm-�Hm�sghr�qdf‘qc)�sgd�mdv�Hmchdr�‘qd�sqxhmf�sn�cdbntokd�eqnl�sgdhq� cdodmcdmbd� nm� sgd� Ankkxvnnc� rsqtbstqd� ‘mc� chrbnudq� ‘ksdqm‘shud� o‘sgv‘xr� rtbg�‘r�bqnvcetmchmf)�hmcdodmcdms�ehkl�edrshu‘kr)�mdv�ldch‘�‘mc�sgd�Hmsdqmds� hm�nqcdq�sn�chrsqhatsd�sgdhq�‘ksdqm‘shud�‘qshbtk‘shnmr-�
Sgd� ‘anud� sq‘mrenql‘shnmr� nodm� to� ‘� bnlokdw� rds� ne� oqnonrhshnmr� enq� sgd� lds‘,gdfdlnmhb� rsqtbstqd-� Vd� g‘ud� rddm� gnv� Ankkxvnnc&r� rnes� onvdq� m‘qq‘shud� rhlokhehdr� Hmch‘&r� ltkshokd� fdnonkhshb‘k� bnmsdwsr� ‘mc� rhsdr� ne� nudq, k‘or�‘mc�bnmsdrs‘shnm�hm�hsr�tmhudqr‘khyhmf�fkna‘k�aq‘mc-�Sgd�qdk‘shud�cdbkhmd�ne� TR� fkna‘k� gdfdlnmx� ‘mc� sgd� btqqdms� qdbnmehftq‘shnm� ne� sgd� fkna‘k� dbnmnlx� oqdrdms� bnmchshnmr� sg‘s� ‘qd� bnmctbhud� enq� drs‘akhrghmf� ‘� _onrs,gdfdlnmhb&� nqcdq� sg‘s� bg‘kkdmfdr� sgd� cnlhm‘shnm� ne� ‘� edv� jdx� rs‘sdr� rtbg� ‘r� @ldqhb‘-� Sgd�qhrd�ne�sgd�AQHBR�m‘shnmr�hr�‘�b‘rd�hm�onhms-�Sgd�cdbdmsqhmf�ne�@ldqhb‘�‘r� sgd�gta�ne�btkstq‘k�rnes�onvdq�hr�bnmrohbtntr)�o‘qshbtk‘qkx�hm�sgd�dwo‘mrhnm�ne� bhmdl‘�hmctrsqhdr�eqnl�Hmch‘�‘mc�Bghm‘-�
Sgdrd� sq‘mrenql‘shnmr� hmchb‘sd� Hmch‘&r� _mdv� qnkd� ‘r� ‘� cdlnbq‘shb)� lncdqm, hyhmf)� b‘ohs‘khrs� rnbhdsx� ‘ldm‘akd� sn� hmbnqonq‘shnm� hmsn� ‘� mdv� vnqkc� nqcdq&� ’@sghptd� 1/019� 002(� “� nq� lnqd� ‘bbtq‘sdkx)� ‘� mdv� mdn,khadq‘k� vnqkc� nqcdq-� @r� Ankkxvnnc� ansg� bnlodsdr� vhsg� ‘mc� enqlr� ‘kkh‘mbdr� vhsg� Gnkkxvnnc� nm� sgd� ntsdq�fkna‘k�k‘xdq�ne�sgd�bhmdl‘�lds‘,gdfdlnmx)�sgd�‘fdmbx�ne�sgd�rtaidbsr�ne� Ankkxvnnc&r�rnes�onvdq�b‘mmns�ad�enqfnssdm-�Mxd&r�nudqdlog‘rhr�nm�sgd�onrrdr, rnqr�ne�rnes�onvdq�g‘r�addm�bqhshptdc�hm�sghr�‘qshbkd-�Hm�Hmch‘&r�fkna‘khyhmf�rnbhn, btkstq‘k� rsqtbstqdr)� bhmdl‘shb� rtaidbsr� ne� Ankkxvnnc&r� cnlhm‘mbd)� rtbg� ‘r� sgd� Hmchdr�‘mc�qdfhnm‘k�bhmdl‘)�‘qd�bnmrs‘mskx�rddjhmf�‘ksdqm‘shudr�sn�sgd�Ankkxvnnc� aq‘mc-�Hm�sghr�k‘ahkd�lhkhdt)�hs�hr�e‘hq�sn�hmedq�sg‘s�sgd�lds‘,gdfdlnmx�hsrdke�rddlr� sn� ad� tmcdqfnhmf� ‘m� ‘fnmhrshb� nudqg‘tk-� Aq‘mc� Ankkxvnnc� vhkk� odqbdhu‘akx� bnmshmtd� sn� rg‘od,rghes� ‘bbnqchmf� sn� sgdrd� bg‘mfdr)� rhltks‘mdntrkx� ‘ood‘rhmf� sgd�mdn,khadq‘k�ldbg‘mhrlr�sg‘s�kdfhshlhyd�hsr�rnes�onvdq�‘mc�rtrs‘hm�hs-
QDEDQDMBDR @c‘i‘mh‘)�G-�’1/01()�Bnbjs‘hk- @jgs‘q)�Y-�’1/00()�Yhmc‘fh�M‘�Lhkdfh�Cna‘q‘- @kdrrhn)� C-� ‘mc� K‘mfdq)� I-� ’1/0/()� _Rbhdmbd� ehbshnm)� Ghmct� m‘shnm‘khrl� ‘mc�
lncdqmhsx&)�hm�D-�Gn‘fk‘mc�‘mc�Q-�R‘qv‘k�’dcr()�Rbhdmbd�Ehbshnm)�Hlodqh‘khrl� ‘mc�sgd�Sghqc�Vnqkc)�Ideedqrnm)�MB9�LbE‘qk‘mc)�oo-�045“60-
@mcdqrnm)�E-�‘mc�B‘xsnm)�@-�’1//4()�Sgd�Cnlhmhnm�ne�V‘q9�Dlohqd�‘mc�Khadqsx� hm�Mnqsg�?ldqhb‘)�04//z1///)�Mdv�Xnqj9�Uhjhmf-
@mnm-� ’1/05()� _Y‘b� Fnkcrlhsg� s‘kjr� dmsgtrh‘rshb‘kkx� ‘ants� Ankkxvnnc)� lxrsdqhntrkx� enqfdsr� ghr� e‘untqhsd� ehkl&)� Sgd� Hmcdodmcdms)� gsso9..vvv- hmcdodmcdms-bn-tj.mdvr.tj.onkhshbr.y‘b,fnkcrlhsg,ankkxvnnc,e‘untqhsd, ehkl,‘bsnq,‘v‘qcr,bqhmfdvnqsgx,hmsdquhdv,v‘sbg,uhcdn,‘6//7785-gslk-� @bbdrrdc�0�L‘x�1/05-
@sghptd)�@-�’1/01()�Hmch‘m�Ldch‘)�B‘laqhcfd9�Onkhsx�Oqdrr- @sghptd)�@-�‘mc�Ghkk)�C-�’1/0/()�Sgd�Ltkshokdw�hm�Hmch‘)�Mdv�Xnqj9�Qntskdcfd- A‘qi‘sx‘)�R-�’1/04()�Oqdl�Q‘s‘m�Cg‘m�O‘xn- A‘rt)�@-�’1/0/()�Ankkxvnnc�hm�sgd�?fd�ne�Mdv�Ldch‘9�Sgd�Fdn,sdkduhrt‘k�?drsgdshb)�
Dchmatqfg9�Dchmatqfg�Tmhudqrhsx�Oqdrr- A‘sq‘)�Q-�’1/02()�Sgd�Ktmbganw- Adkk)� D-� ’1/04()� Rnes� Onvdq� ‘mc� Eqddcnl� tmcdq� sgd� Bn‘khshnm)� A‘rhmfrsnjd9�
O‘kfq‘ud�L‘blhkk‘m-
?rguhm�H-�CduZrtmcZpZl
57� � Mdv�BhmdlZr9�IntpmZk�ne�BnmsdlonpZpw�Ehkl
Ag‘qcv‘i)�U-�’1/03()�G‘hcdq- Ag‘ss‘bg‘qx‘)� M-� ’1/01()� Ghmch� Bhmdl‘9� Qdod‘shmf� sgd� Rtaidbs)� @ahmfcnm� ‘mc�
Nwnm9�Qntskdcfd- Anrd)�R-�’1/03()�L‘qf‘qhs‘�vhsg�‘�Rsq‘v- B‘qodmsdq)�Ingm�’0877()�Sgdx�Khud- B‘qtrn)�C-�I-�’1/06()�wWw9�Sgd�Qdstqm�ne�W‘mcdq�B‘fd- Bg‘jq‘u‘qsh)� O-� ’1/02()� _E‘ms‘rhdr� ne� sq‘mrenql‘shnm9� Dctb‘shnm)� mdnkhadq‘k�
rdke,l‘jhmf)� ‘mc� Ankkxvnnc&)� hm� M-� Fnnost� ’dc-()� Dmsdqoqhrd� Btkstqd� hm� Mdnkhadq‘k�Hmch‘)�Knmcnm9�Qntskdcfd�oo-�31“45-
Bg‘qx)�L-�’1//8()�Hmch‘9�M‘shnm�nm�sgd�Lnud)�Mdv�Xnqj9�hTmhudqrd- Bgnoq‘)�@-�’0884()�Chkv‘kd�Ctkg‘mh‘�Kd�I‘xdmfd- Btqqhc,G‘kjdss)� D� ’1/04()�_Rs‘qr� ‘mc� rs‘qcnl� hm� sgd�bqd‘shud� hmctrsqhdr&)� hm�B-�
Inmdr)� L-� Knqdmydm� ‘mc� I-� R‘ordc� ’dcr()� Sgd� Nwenqc� G‘mcannj� ne� Bqd‘shud� Hmctrsqhdr)�Nwenqc9�Nwenqc�Tmhudqrhsx�Oqdrr)�oo-�060“72-
Cdu‘rtmc‘q‘l)� @-� ’1/03()� _Bxadq� atbb‘mddqr)� otakhb� ‘mc� ohq‘sd� rogdqdr9� Sgd� ogdmnldmnm�ne�Ahssnqqdms�cnvmkn‘cr�hm�sgd�sq‘mrenqlhmf�sdqq‘hm�ne�Hmch‘m� bhmdl‘&:� _Otakhb� rogdqdr� ‘mc� sgd� ldch‘� hm� Hmch‘&)� Ldch‘� Hmsdqm‘shnm‘k� ?trsq‘kh‘)�Hmbnqonq‘shmf�Btkstqd�!�Onkhbx)�0419�0)�oo-�0/7“07-
¨¨� ’1/05()� Hmch‘&r� Mdv� Hmcdodmcdms� Bhmdl‘9� Qhrd� ne� sgd� Gxaqhc)� Mdv� Xnqj9� Qntskdcfd-
Ctcq‘g)�Q-�’1/01()�Ankkxvnnc�Sq‘udkr)�Knmcnm9�Qntskdcfd- Entb‘tks)�L-�’1//2()�_Rnbhdsx�Ltrs�ad�Cdedmcdc&9�Kdbstqdr�‘s�sgd�Bnkkdfd�cd�Eq‘mbd)�
0864z65�’sq‘mr-�C‘uhc�L‘bdx()�Mdv�Xnqj9�Ohb‘cnq- F‘mcgh)�@-�’1/02()�Rgho�ne�Sgdrdtr- Fg‘h)�R-�’0886()�O‘qcdr- Fgnrg)�R-�’1/01()�J‘g‘‘mh- Fnqcnm)�R-�’1/06()�A‘xv‘sbg- Fnuhk)�M-�’1/04()�Nqhdmshmf�Gnkkxvnnc)�Mdv�Xnqj9�Mdv�Xnqj�Tmhudqrhsx�Oqdrr- Ftos‘)� R-� ’1/04()� _£Oqdl� Q‘s‘m� Cg‘m� O‘xn–� qduhdv9� R‘kl‘m� Jg‘m� hr� rshkk�
rghmhmf&)� Sgd� Hmch‘m� Dwoqdrr)� 12� I‘mt‘qx)� gsso9..hmch‘mdwoqdrr-bnl.‘qshbkd. dmsdqs‘hmldms.lnuhd,qduhdv.oqdl,q‘s‘m,cg‘m,o‘xn,qduhdv,mnsghmf,hr, ‘,ehs,hm,sghr,r‘kl‘m,jg‘m,ehkl.-�@bbdrrdc�08�@oqhk�1/05-
Ftosd)�@-�’1/00()�Rs‘mkdx�J‘�C‘aa‘- G‘kkrsqôl)�K-�’1/03()�Sgd�Gtmcqdc,Enns�Intqmdx- G‘xcdm)�B-�’1/01()�Sgd�Qgdsnqhb�ne�Rnes�Onvdq)�K‘mg‘l)�LC9�Kdwhmfsnm�Annjr- Ghqih)� E-� ’1/0/()� Cqd‘lhmf� hm� B‘m‘ch‘m9� Rntsg� ?rh‘m� Xntsg)� Ankkxvnnc� ‘mc�
Adknmfhmf)�U‘mbntudq9�Tmhudqrhsx�ne�Aqhshrg�Bnktlah‘�Oqdrr- Gnnc)� V-� I-� ’1//8()� Sgd� Drrdmsh‘k� Lxrsdqx9� L‘inq� Ehkll‘jdqr� ne� Hmch‘m� ?qs�
Bhmdl‘)�Mdv�Cdkgh9�Nqhdms�Knmfl‘m- Gntrd� ne� Bnllnmr� Enqdhfm� @ee‘hqr� ’1/02()� EBN� Odqenql‘mbd� ‘mc� Ehm‘mbdr�
1/00z01)�Knmcnm9�Rs‘shnmdqx�Neehbd- Hrghftqn)�J-�’0882()�Sgd�Qdl‘hmr�ne�sgd�C‘x)�Knmcnm9�E‘adq�‘mc�E‘adq- I‘bptdr)�L-�’1//8()�Vgdm�Bghm‘�Qtkdr�sgd�Vnqkc)�Mdv�Xnqj9�Odmfthm�Oqdrr- Ing‘q)�J-�’1//0()�J‘agh�Jgtrgh�J‘aghd�Fg‘l- J‘l‘sg)�R-�’1/02()�_Sgd�lxsghb‘k�L‘cq‘rh&)�Sgd�Ghmct)�07�@tftrs)�gsso9..vvv-
sgdghmct-bnl.ed‘stqdr.bhmdl‘.sgd,lxsghb‘k,l‘cq‘rh.‘qshbkd4/21125-dbd-� @bbdrrdc�13�@oqhk�1/05-
J‘lhmrjx)�@-�‘mc�Knmf)�Q-�’dcr(�’1/00()�Hmch‘�Snc‘x9�?m�Dmbxbknodch‘�ne�Khed�hm� sgd�Qdotakhb�’Unk-�0()�R‘ms‘�A‘qa‘q‘)�B@9�@AB,BKHN-
J‘mdu‘)� M-� ’1//8()� _Bqhshb‘k� qdekdbshnmr� nm� m‘shnm� aq‘mchmf� ‘r� chrbntqrd� ‘mc� oq‘bshbd&)�bnmedqdmbd�o‘odq�‘s�sgd�hmsdqm‘shnm‘k�bnmedqdmbd�Hl‘fdr�ne�M‘shnmr9� Rsq‘sdfhb�Bnlltmhb‘shnm)�Rnes�Onvdq�‘mc�sgd�Ldch‘)�@sgdmr)�3“4�Edaqt‘qx-
Ankkwvnnc‘r�rnes�onvdp
vvv-hmsdkkdbsannir-bnl� � 58
Jdng‘md)�Q-�‘mc�Mxd)�I-�’0866()�Onvdq�‘mc�Hmsdqcdodmcdmbd)�Anrsnm9�Khsskd)�Aqnvm- Knbj)� D-� ’1/0/()� _Rnes� onvdq� ‘mc� rsq‘sdfx9� Cdudknohmf� ‘� £Rsq‘sdfhb–� bnmbdos�
ne�onvdq&)�hm�H-�O‘ql‘q�‘mc�L-�Bnw�’dcr()�Rnes�Onvdq�‘mc�TR�Enqdhfm�Onkhbx)� Knmcnm9�Qntskdcfd-�oo-�21“40-
L‘kgnsq‘)�J-�’1/01()�?fmddo‘sg- L‘qjtk‘)�O-�‘mc�Oqhmfkd)�Q-�’1//5()�Entb‘tks)�Ronqs�‘mc�Dwdqbhrd)�Knmcnm9�Qntskdcfd- Ldgs‘)�G-�’1/03()�Bhsx�Khfgsr- Ldq‘kh)� @-� ’1/05()� _Hrk‘lnognah‘� hm� Tmhsdc� Jhmfcnl9� M‘shnm‘k� Qdonqs� 1/04&)�
hm� D-� A‘xq‘jk—� ‘mc� E-� G‘edy� ’dcr()� Dtqnod‘m� Hrk‘lnognah‘� Qdonqs� 1/04)� Hrs‘matk9�RDS@)�oo-�438“40-
Ltqtf‘cnrr)�@-�Q-�’1/03()�Gnkhc‘x- MCSULnuhdr-bnl� ’1/05()� _Gnv� Gnkkxvnnc� ‘eedbsr� aq‘mc� u‘ktd� enq� Oqhx‘mj‘�
Bgnoq‘)� Cddohj‘� O‘ctjnmd� “� MCSU� Lnuhdr&)� 16� L‘x)� gsso9..lnuhdr- mcsu-bnl.ankkxvnnc.gnv,gnkkxvnnc,‘eedbsr,aq‘mc,u‘ktd,enq,oqhx‘mj‘, bgnoq‘,cddohj‘,o‘ctjnmd,03016/6-�@bbdrrdc�03�Itkx�1/05-
Mdvl‘m)�R-�’1//0()�Eqnl�A‘jtmhm�sn�K‘b‘m)�K‘mg‘l)�LC9�Kdwhmfsnm�Annjr- Mxd)�I-�’088/()�Antmc�sn�Kd‘c)�Mdv�Xnqj9�A‘rhb�Annjr- ¨¨�’1//3‘()�Onvdq�hm�sgd�Fkna‘k�Hmenql‘shnm�?fd)�Knmcnm9�Qntskdcfd- ¨¨� ’1//3a()� Rnes� Onvdq9� Sgd� Ld‘mr� sn� Rtbbdrr� hm� Vnqkc� Onkhshbr)� Mdv� Xnqj9�
Otakhb�@ee‘hqr- O‘msni‘)�D�’1//1()�_Rnbh‘k�b‘ohs‘k9�Sgd�b‘rd�ne�bnlltmhsx�cdudknoldms�hm�bn‘k�
lhmhmf�‘qd‘r�hm�Nqhrr‘)�Hmch‘&)�hm�B-�Fqnns‘dqs�‘mc�S-�U‘m�A‘rsdk‘dq�’dcr()� Tmcdqrs‘mchmf�‘mc�Ld‘rtqhmf�Rnbh‘k�B‘ohs‘k)�V‘rghmfsnm)�CB9�Vnqkc�A‘mj)� oo-�0/7“41-
Otm‘sg‘ladj‘q)� @-� ’1//7()� _Ankkxvnnc� ‘mc� sgd� Hmch‘m� ch‘ronq‘&)� hm� Q-� @mcdqrdm�‘mc�I-�Fq‘x�’dcr()�A‘sskdfqntmc9�Sgd�Ldch‘)�unk-�0)�Vdrsonqs)�BS9� Fqddmvnnc�Oqdrr)�oo-�45“51-
¨¨�’1/02()�Eqnl�Anla‘x�sn�Ankkxvnnc)�Mdv�Xnqj9�Mdv�Xnqj�Tmhudqrhsx�Oqdrr- Q‘i‘cgx‘jrg‘)� @-� ’1//2()� _Sgd� £Ankkxvnnchy‘shnm–� ne� sgd� Hmch‘m� bhmdl‘9�
Btkstq‘k� m‘shnm‘khrl� hm� ‘� fkna‘k� ‘qdm‘&)� Hmsdq,?rh‘� Btkstq‘k� Rstchdr)� 39� 0)� oo-�14“28-
Qnrg‘m)�Q-�’1//2()�Jnh–Lhk�F‘x‘- Rgdssx)�Q-�’1/03()�Rhmfg‘l�Qdstqmr- Rgqhmhu‘r‘m)�Q-�‘mc�M‘hf)�T-�’1/04()�_Hm�Ankkxvnnc)�rsnqxkhmdr�qdl‘hm�a‘bjv‘qc�
nm� b‘rsd&)� Sgd� Ghmct)� 17� Itmd)� gsso9..vvv-sgdghmct-bnl.mdvr.m‘shnm‘k. hm,ankkxvnnc,rsnqxkhmdr,qdl‘hm,a‘bjv‘qc,nm,b‘rsd.‘qshbkd6251187-dbd-� @bbdrrdc�02�L‘qbg�1/05-
Rhmfg)� U-� ’1/04()� EHBBH,JOLF� Qdonqs)� Ltla‘h9� EHBBH,JOLF)� gssor9..vvv- jolf-bnl.HM.dm.Hrrtdr@mcHmrhfgsr.@qshbkdrOtakhb‘shnmr.Cnbtldmsr. EHBBH,JOLF]1/04-oce-�@bbdrrdc�01�L‘x�1/05-
Rohdkadqf)�R-�’1/01()�Khmbnkm- ¨¨�’1/04()�Aqhcfd�ne�Rohdr- S‘xknq)�S-�’1/00()�Sgd�Gdko- Sgtrrt)� C-� ’1/02()� Bnlltmhb‘shmf� Hmch‘&r� Rnes� Onvdq9� Atccg‘� sn� Ankkxvnnc)�
Mdv�Xnqj9�O‘kfq‘ud�L‘blhkk‘m- Xtdg)� K-� ’1/03()� _Hr� hs� ‘� fnkcdm� ‘fd� enq� Bghmdrd� bhmdl‘=&)� AAB� Mdvr)� 2/�
Nbsnadq)� gsso9..vvv-aab-bn-tj.mdvr.atrhmdrr,1872342/-� @bbdrrdc� 13� Mnudladq�1/03-
Y‘gq‘m)�F-�‘mc�Q‘lnr)�K-�’1/0/()�_Eqnl�gdfdlnmx�sn�rnes�onvdq9�Hlokhb‘shnmr� ne�‘�bnmbdost‘k�bg‘mfd&)�hm�H-�O‘ql‘q�‘mc�L-�Bnw�’dcr()�Rnes�Onvdq�‘mc�TR� Enqdhfm�Onkhbx)�Knmcnm9�Qntskdcfd)�oo-�01“20-
Yhydj)�R-�’0878()�Sgd�Rtakhld�Naidbs�ne�Hcdnknfx)�Knmcnm9�Udqrn-
?rguhm�H-�CduZrtmcZpZl
6/� � Mdv�BhmdlZr9�IntpmZk�ne�BnmsdlonpZpw�Ehkl
RTFFDRSDC�BHS?SHNM Cdu‘rtmc‘q‘l)� @-� H-� � ’1/05()� _Ankkxvnnc&r� rnes� onvdq9� Aq‘mchmf� sgd� m‘shnm)�
rtrs‘hmhmf�‘�lds‘,gdfdlnmx&)�Mdv�Bhmdl‘r)�0390)�oo-�40“6/)�cnh9�0/-0275. mbhm-03-0-40]0
BNMSQHATSNQ�CDS?HKR @rguhm�H-�Cdu‘rtmc‘q‘l�hr�kdbstqdq�hm�vnqkc�bhmdl‘�‘s�Ptddm�L‘qx)�Tmhudqrhsx� ne� Knmcnm� ‘mc� ‘tsgnq� ne� Hmch‘&r� Mdv� Hmcdodmcdms� Bhmdl‘9� Qhrd� ne� sgd� Gxaqhc� ’Qntskdcfd)� 1/05(� “� sgd� vnqkc&r� ehqrs� annj� nm� mdv� Hmch‘m� Hmchd� bhmdl‘-� Gd� hr� oqnfq‘llhmf� ‘cuhrdq� sn� sgd� Knmcnm� @rh‘m� Ehkl� Edrshu‘k� ’K@EE()� Bqd‘shud� Chqdbsnq� ne� sgd� Dchmatqfg� @rh‘m� Ehkl� Edrshu‘k� ’D@EE()� ‘mc� ‘� AAB� @b‘cdlx� Dwodqs�Unhbd�hm�Btkstq‘k�Rstchdr�‘mc�Uhrt‘k�@qsr-�@o‘qs�eqnl�rdudq‘k�hmsdqm‘, shnm‘k�oqdrdms‘shnmr�‘mc�kdbstqdr)�@rguhm�g‘r�cdkhudqdc�sgd�oqdrshfhntr�@mmt‘k� C‘c‘r‘gda� Og‘kjd� Ldlnqh‘k� Kdbstqd� 1/04� ‘s� sgd� Hmch‘m� Ghfg� Bnllhrrhnm&r� Mdgqt�Bdmsqd�hm�Knmcnm-�Gd�hr�nm�sgd�‘cuhrnqx�o‘mdk�enq�AEH�Hmch‘�nm�Ehkl�z o‘qs� ne� sgd� TJ.Hmch‘� Xd‘q� ne� Btkstqd� 1/06)� ‘� l‘inq� btkstq‘k� bnkk‘anq‘shnm� adsvddm�sgd�svn�bntmsqhdr-
Bnms‘bs9�Ptddm�L‘qx�Tmhudqrhsx�ne�Knmcnm)�Rbgnnk�ne�K‘mft‘fdr)�Khmfthrshbr� %�Ehkl)�@qsr�Nmd)�Lhkd�Dmc�Qn‘c)�Knmcnm)�D0�3MR)�TJ-� D,l‘hk9�‘-cdu‘rtmc‘q‘l?pltk-‘b-tj
@rguhm�H-�Cdu‘rtmc‘q‘l�g‘r�‘rrdqsdc�ghr�qhfgs�tmcdq�sgd�Bnoxqhfgs)�Cdrhfmr� ‘mc�O‘sdmsr�@bs)�0877)�sn�ad�hcdmshehdc�‘r�sgd�‘tsgnq�ne�sghr�vnqj�hm�sgd�enql‘s� sg‘s�v‘r�rtalhssdc�sn�Hmsdkkdbs�Ksc-
Copyright of New Cinemas: Journal of Contemporary Film is the property of Intellect Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use.