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Impact of ADHD on Child`s Schooling Comment by Jennifer Pellish: I see you have referenced the APA 7th Edition format template, but you have a few errors in the formatting. Use the following link to access the template: https://www.gcumedia.com/lms-resources/student-success-center/v3.1/#/tools/writing-center/12/31/108 The title page provides basic information about the paper. The title page is centered and double-spaced, including the blank lines left at the top before the title. Place the title three lines down from the top of the page. The title is bold and in title case. Leave one blank line below the title. Next list the name of each author. For two authors separate with “and.” For more than two, separate with commas and add “and” before the last author. On the next line, list the college (such as College of Theology) and Grand Canyon University, separated by a comma. Do not abbreviate. On the next line, list the course number and name, for example: ENG 105: English Composition 1 On the next line, list the instructor’s name. On the next line, list the assignment due date. The heading should look like this:  Student A. Sample College Name, Grand Canyon University Course Number: Course Title Instructor’s Name Assignment Due Date Please click on the following link to view an instructional video about the title page: https://screencast-o-matic.com/watch/cY6uqksvDF The title page has some spacing errors.

Ashley Murphy

Grand Canyon University

Ashley,

I appreciate your work on this rough draft. This assignment required you to write a 750-1,000-word commentary addressing a trend, event, or policy related to ADHD. You were to include a minimum of five scholarly sources and write a cohesive essay, which included an introduction, several body paragraphs, and a conclusion. In addition, you were to label or identify the subject, explain it, and make a judgment or offer an opinion about it using third person.

According to the assignment description:

Since instructor feedback for this draft is optional, you will need to consider feedback from peers and your self-review. You may also use the Center for Learning Advancement (CLA) and ThinkingStorm online tutoring services available at the following link for additional feedback: http://www.gcu.edu/Learning-Resources/Center-for-Learning-and-Advancement.php

Therefore, you will be receiving limited written feedback for this essay. Please carefully consider comments attached to the rubric scores. Use the feedback to inform your revision. If I were score the rubric based on the first draft, you would receive the following scores:

· Label/Identify the Subject (Provide the name for the trend and provide some context or background for the subject) 20% : 2 Comment by Jennifer Pellish: Less than Satisfactory While I appreciate your effort in presenting the trend/event/policy, the name of it is not clear and/or the context or background for the subject is inadequate. Please revise for a higher score.

· Explain the Subject (Find a pattern of meaning in the trend) 20% : 2 Comment by Jennifer Pellish: Less than Satisfactory I recognize your effort here, but your understanding of a trend seems vague, and there is only a marginal explanation of the subject. Only a surface-level description of a pattern of meaning in the trend/event/policy is provided. Please be sure to describe the subject thoroughly (the importance, problems, and outcomes of the trend) and provide a clear pattern of meaning in the trend/event/policy to ensure a higher score.

· Make a Judgment/Offer an Opinion (Evaluate the trend using third person; offer praise or critique the trend, offering evidence to support your claims) 20% : 3 Comment by Jennifer Pellish: Satisfactory I appreciate your work here. You made an appropriate judgment and offered an opinion. The evaluation of the trend/event/policy is basic and merely informational. To receive a higher score on the final draft, please bolster the evaluation with a variety of perspectives and supporting evidence.

· Organization 10% : 2 Comment by Jennifer Pellish: Less than Satisfactory The organization could be stronger; the organizational outline was not followed. I strongly recommend following the organization structure in the margin notes. This will ensure the presentation of a true commentary and a fluent structure.

· Paper Format 10% : 3 Comment by Jennifer Pellish: Satisfactory Some format requirements have been met. The essay lacks TWO of the following (I have highlighted the missing/problematic elements): Correct APA 7th Edition title page Consistency in double-spacing the document Consistency in using Times New Roman font Consistency in using size 12 font One-inch margins Correct 0.5” indentations (of both paragraphs and hanging indent for references) Use of left alignment Header: page numbers Correctly formatted in-text citations Correctly formatted references and/or reference page Correct number of required sources Consistency between the in-text citations and the references page Placing the References on a separate page Please make revisions prior to submitting the final draft.

· Language Use and Style 10% : 4 Comment by Jennifer Pellish: Good Good work! The voice and tone create an appropriate mood overall. You have made good decisions in word choice, but there may be some instances of slang or jargon and/or first and second person pronouns. You have used a variety of sentence structures for the most part. You may want to revise the few instances mentioned for a higher score in language use and style.

· Grammar and Mechanics 10% : 4 Comment by Jennifer Pellish: Good You have demonstrated a high level of control in grammar and mechanics! I found minimal errors in my evaluation of the following (Please look for highlighted words/phrases and/or blue underlining– although not all errors have been identified as such): Use of apostrophes Use of 1st and 2nd person pronouns Capitalization Use of commas Parallelism Pronoun agreement Use of quotations Use of semicolons Sentence structure (fragments and/or run-ons) Spelling Subject/verb agreement Verb tense Please make revisions prior to submitting the final draft. Use https://www.grammarly.com/

This scoring does not guarantee you will receive the same score on the final draft . Rather, this simply reflects the assessment of the first draft. The good news is you still have the opportunity to revise! If you have additional questions, please contact me in the Private Forum.

All the best,

Jennifer

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder among children although it can be also experienced in adulthood. It is common in males than females. ADHD symptoms are less frequent as one gets older. The predisposing factors to ADHD include exposure to environmental toxins, maternal smoking and drinking alcohol during pregnancy and genetics. ADHD is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. The symptoms mostly become evident when the child starts having problem dealing with the learning pressures as education progresses. Children`s behaviours can be misinterpreted as ADHD. Misinterpretation of a child`s behaviour with ADHD symptoms does not only affect that child but also other children with ADHD (Belanger, 2018). Comment by Jennifer Pellish: The thesis structure should follow this template: “____ (state the trend) is (beneficial/detrimental) to ____ (society/community/group/etc.) ___ (reason). Please revise. Currently, the thesis presents an expository essay not a commentary.

Schooling can be very challenging for kids with ADHD. They always have persistent academic difficulties that result in poor grades, expulsions and increased dropouts as compared to their peers with no ADHD. They also have a lower rate of college undergraduate completion. The symptoms of ADHD and the executive functions can negatively learn behaviours by decreasing motivation, persistence in learning and also affect their attitude towards learning (Sedgwick, 2018).

Children with ADHD learning problems are mostly attributed to inattention symptom. They have difficulties sustaining attention to their tasks or duties. They always make careless mistakes in their school work and overlook the important details. They have difficulties in following instructions and often avoid or resist tasks tend to be difficult such as exams. Children with ADHD also appear to be “spacing out” during lessons. This results in the child with ADHD scoring low grades or failing in class. Their lack of concentration also makes it difficult for them to adapt to their peers.

Hyperactivity is a symptom of ADHD that can be expressed either verbally or physically. Hyperactivity makes them become a distraction to the classroom. They talk excessively, have trouble staying in their seats, run and climb where and whenever it is inappropriate, they are very impatient, can`t wait for their turn and they answer questions randomly even before the question is complete. They also interrupt or intrude on others conversations, activities and even possessions.

ADHD does not cause problems only in school but also has an impact on the child`s social life. Socialization is very important mostly at a young age. At a certain point in one`s, one feels the need to be accepted socially by either gender. Children with ADHD act impulsively. They get irritated easily thus exhibiting violent and defiant behaviors. This can make them harm themselves and their classmates. To prevent them from harming others, most of them are always isolated. Some children with ADHD have too much energy that they struggle to control their impulsive behaviors, while others can (Ruiz-Goikoetxea, 2018).

ADHD is also associated with difficulties in reasoning and comprehension. They always have difficulties in reading, writing, verbally expressing themselves, organizing their belongings and logical analysis (Tamm, 2017). Individuals with ADHD are also associated with a lower intelligence quotient. They also exhibit delays or impairments in their cognitive functions such as language and inhibition (Colomer, 2017).

To assist a child with ADHD in their schooling life, certain measures can be used. This includes behavioral classroom management, whereby the child's positive behaviors are reinforced by a reward system while discouraging their negative behaviors (Baumeister, 2019). Organizational training can also be done, whereby the child is trained on time management, planning and how to keep their school materials organized. This will help them reduce distractions thus optimizing student`s learning. The standard treatment for ADHD includes medication, education, training and counselling. These measurements can help relieve the symptoms of ADHD.

ADHD has proved to have a greater impact on children`s education. To support the kids` education, much focus and attention should be given to them. Changes should be made to their environment of study to help limit distraction. They should also be given assignments and instruction that are specific for them and also be allocated more time for their tests. By doing this, they can be motivated and also be encouraged to have a positive attitude towards learning.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the impact of ADHD on a child`s schooling harms them. It is hard for them to focus even on the important details thus affecting their school grades. They are always a distraction to others and they can harm others making them be isolated. This affects their social life. ADHD does not only affect individuals. It also affects their families and society. Comment by Jennifer Pellish: 735 words Use the following organizational structure for the Commentary Essay as presented in our textbook, Writing with Purpose, to ensure the presentation of a true trend, and not merely an informative essay: Introduction paragraph: give an overall introduction to the trend and state the purpose of the paper in the thesis statement. It should provide valuable background information and prove the existence of the trend. Include a brief history of the trend. Begin by stating the topic, and then follow it with a brief history of the trend by answering the following questions: Where did the trend originate? What is the origin of the trend? Out of what need was the trend created? When was the trend formulated? What year did it come into being? Where is the trend happening? For example: U.S. college campuses? Among preschool-age children? Body paragraph 1: Identify and describe the trend. Familiarize the reader with the trend, and address the following questions: What is the trend? Who does the trend affect? What do people in general think of the trend? What contribution (if any) is the trend making? Body paragraph 2: Write about the importance of the trend addressing the following questions: Why is the trend important? Useful? Beneficial? (If the trend is negative, then address why people are gravitating toward it) Why should the reader care? Body paragraph 3: Write about the problems with the trend. Body paragraph 4: Write about the future outcomes and projections of the trend, including how long it may last. Address the following questions: Is the trend a fad? Will it evolve into something else? What are the possible consequences? Body paragraph 5: Address if the trend is positive or negative. Evaluate and explore whether it is beneficial or detrimental. Conclusion paragraph: Summarize the main points of the essay. The first sentence should state the final conclusion of the author’s position. Do not present any new information in the conclusion.

References Comment by Jennifer Pellish: The references page is included; however, please review and revise it to correct some errors in formatting. Use the following checklist of common errors to revise: Place the references on a separate page Use the word References, not Resources, Reference, Works Cited, or Citations Boldface the title References Omit the colon after the word References Center the word References at the top of the page Use double spacing Use a 0.5” hanging indent Revise the format of the content w/in the entries Omit the extra space after the word References and before the first entry Omit the extra space between each entry Use Times New Roman font In the title of an article, only capitalize the first word, the first word after a colon, proper nouns and/or adjectives, and acronyms Websites with a .com domain are not considered scholarly and should be avoided Use correct capitalization in names and/or journal titles Dictionaries are not scholarly sources (you may use them, but do not consider them as one of your scholarly sources) The essay lacks the appropriate number of scholarly sources, which is at least 5-7 scholarly sources. Alphabetize the entries without consideration to articles such as a, an, and the Italicize journal titles and volume numbers Only use the author’s last name and first/middle initial Consistency/coordination with the in-text citations For additional assistance, visit the GCU Writing Center at https://libguides.gcu.edu/CitingSources/

Baumeister, S., Wolf, I., Hohmann, S., Holz, N., Boecker-Schlier, R., Banaschewski, T., & Brandeis, D. (2019). The impact of successful learning of self-regulation on reward processing in children with ADHD using fMRI. ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders, 11(1), 31-45.

Sedgwick, J. A. (2018). University students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A literature review. Ir J Psychol Med, 35(3), 221-235.

Ruiz-Goikoetxea, M., Cortese, S., Aznarez-Sanado, M., Magallón, S., Zallo, N. A., Luis, E. O., ... & Arrondo, G. (2018). Risk of unintentional injuries in children and adolescents with ADHD and the impact of ADHD medications: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 84, 63-71.

Colomer, C., Berenguer, C., Roselló, B., Baixauli, I., & Miranda, A. (2017). The impact of inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms, and executive functions on learning behaviors of children with ADHD. Frontiers in psychology, 8, 540.

Bélanger, S. A., Andrews, D., Gray, C., & Korczak, D. (2018). ADHD in children and youth: part 1—etiology, diagnosis, and comorbidity. Paediatrics & child health, 23(7), 447-453.

Tamm, L., Denton, C. A., Epstein, J. N., Schatschneider, C., Taylor, H., Arnold, L. E., ... & Vaughn, A. (2017). Comparing treatments for children with ADHD and word reading difficulties: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 85(5), 434.