Review of Theoretical Interventions -APA-six scholarly sources 8-10 PAGES - MUST USE ATTACHMENTS

Article Review

Institutional Affiliation

Student's Name

Course Name: Course Number

Instructor's Name

Assignment Due Date

Article Review

Description of chosen theory and its constructs

The article decides on the Transtheoretical model for change that focuses on decision-making about HPV vaccinations. The TTM asserts that a person undergoes six stages of change for decision-making related to a specific behavior change. The TTM has four primary constructs, including stages of change, processes of change alongside decisional Balance, and self-efficacy (Smith, 2020). There are five stages of change, including precontemplation required in the initial six months. The stage is known as the unformed stage, meaning that the person does not know about the vaccination. The other stage is contemplation which means that an individual begins to understand that the behavior is challenging and may result in negative impacts. The preparation stage is when people become ready to initiate the action, followed by the action stage, which compels people to change the behavior and maintenance stage. The other construct is the process of change which has about ten series of processes necessary to ensure that the change is implemented. The third construct is the decision balance which requires an individual to weigh the pros and cons of the vaccine. Self-efficacy is the ability to produce a better result by developing control mechanisms to handle any possible temptation. All the four constructs relate to each other and the behavior. The stages and change process must be followed to change an individual's behavior. Besides, decision-balance and self-efficacy are central to behavioral change since an individual must weigh the cons and pros by developing self-control.

Summary of the article

The article by Fernandez et al. (2013) addresses Human papillomavirus as one of the deadliest sexually transmitted infections and attributes to about 70 percent of the cervical cancers alongside 90 percent of genital warts. According to the article, the processes of change construct are used as an assessment tool of individuals with HPV. The change process is used to ensure that people's behaviors are geared towards a positive outcome. The article uses the process of change as a computer-tailored intervention which is significant in increasing the compliance of HPV vaccination. It uses 340 participants representing both the vaccinated and unvaccinated ladies. The authors posit that process of change is critical in ensuring that behavior change is effective. The article finds that the change process is significant in ensuring that HPV vaccination is considered.

Authors' use of theory

The authors use the theory to assess the behavioral change of the participants. The stage of change is initiated with a series of questions to the participants about their past and current experience with vaccination. The questions were intended to group the participants in the various stages of change. Also, the authors implemented the decision balance by weighing the pros and cons resented by the participants. Self-efficacy is used to ensure that the participants can get vaccines in either situation is effectively implemented. The participants are allowed to record their confidential levels. Therefore, the application of the theory in the research is significant in ensuring the entire possible positive outcome is obtained.

Thoughts and opinions on the used theory

I am sure that the authors have used the theory systematically to assess the behavior change regarding HPV vaccination. The strength of the used approach is that people have the ability to demonstrate their understanding and practice level of the issue. The participants record the various process stages as they change their behavior. However, I believe that the theory used has ignored essential social context for the change, such as income level. Also, there is no precise indication of an individual's duration within a given stage.

Implication for the future research

Future research using the TTM requires a significant analysis of the duration taken within a given stage. The change processes and steps are essential for further analysis of the behavior. Besides, the theory opens potential gaps for future studies to work on the challenges such as lack of indication of the required time an individual is likely to take in a given stage.

Relevancy on other public health issues

The theory can also address other public health issues since it touches on essential behavioral change aspects. The public health topics that require change interventions as primary options for positive outcomes would use the theory. It shows how people can effectively move from the first stage, precontemplation, a stage of lack of awareness, to the final stage of maintenance and termination on any public health issue. The process of change, decision balance alongside self-efficacy contributes to better performance of the theory in various matters. Thus TTM change model is relevant in other public health areas.

References

Fernandez, A. C., Paiva, A. L., Lipschitz, J. M., Larson, H. E., Amoyal, N. R., Blaney, C. L., ... & Prochaska, J. O. (2013). Disease prevention without relapse: Processes of change for HPV vaccination.

Smith, M. (2020). The Transtheoretical Model, Stages of Change and Motivational Interviewing. In A Comprehensive Guide to Addiction Theory and Counseling Techniques (pp. 148-160). Routledge.