PICO

Running head: A CRITIQUE OF NURSING IN DISASTERS

Nursing in Disasters

A Critique of Nursing in Disasters

Meghan Inman

Patty Hanks Shelton School of Nursing

A Critique of Nursing in Disasters

Method, Phenomenon of Interest and Purpose

The qualitative method used is inductive qualitative content analysis. The researchers used semi-structured interviews to gather the data and then analyzed it using inductive content analysis. The use of this method is justified, as they need to grasp a wide range of the struggles nurses endure during disasters. The phenomenon of interest revolves around the central theme of what are common nursing issues during a disaster. The researchers define the purpose of this study as “…to inform future relief efforts and the development of programs to enable nurses participate with some confidence in future events.” (Pourvakhshoori, Norouzi, Ahmadi, Hosseini,& Khankeh. 2017). This is significant to the nursing field because disaster can strike at anytime and anywhere. The researchers concluded that preparedness on all fronts is the key in providing care during a disaster.

Sampling, Data Collection, and Data Analysis

The method of data collecting is compatible with the research purpose. In order to decide which areas are of the most concerns for nurses in disasters they had to interview nurses who are commonly faced with disaster. Data collecting was described well. In this study they used semi-structured interviews with fifteen Iranian nurses using a short list of general questions that then turned into more specific questions once the nurses were comfortable. They used the same interviewer with every participant. This gave the nurses room to elaborate on any questions that they saw fit. The sampling size was determined by data saturation. They describe this as, “when no new categories or relevant themes are emerging But saturation is more than a matter of no new categories or themes emerging. It is also denotes a development of categories in terms of their properties and dimensions, including variation, and possible relationships to other concepts.” (Pourvakhshoori, Norouzi, Ahmadi, Hosseini,& Khankeh. 2017). The method is adequate and the study was completed according to what they described with participants and setting described well. The data collecting is based solely on human experience. The interviewer asked questions relating to personal experiences during a disaster and how they related to nursing care. The data was sufficient with saturation being achieved as they described it. The analysis method used is the Lundmen and Crancheim five stages content analysis. There is a logical connection between the data collected and the analysis. Based on the semi-interviews, the researchers were able to analyze and describe five main categories of concerns.

Research Ethical Considerations

The article does not state if it is IRB approved. It does state that the Ethics Committee of The University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences approved it. However, it does state that the participants were fully informed of the study and consent was obtained. The identity of the participants remained confidential in the recordings and in the reports of the study. The participants had the right to withdrawal from the study at any time.

Study Findings, Conclusions, and Trustworthiness

The researchers took great care to describe each of the five concerns in detail and in context. Reading through each of the concerns makes it easy to comprehend the essence of the experience. The analysis greatly reflects the semi- interview style used to collect the data. The reader can easily see how the findings are synonymous with the data. In the conclusion, they connect the data with the results by identifying the give main categories again and then stating how the results can help nurses involved in a disaster. There is existing literature on this topic and it is placed in the context of the other literature. The significance to nursing is stated by saying, “Results revealed that nurses who feel better prepared, and had some understanding of moral implications of working under different standards of care, may be better suited for health care delivery in disasters.” (Pourvakhshoori, Norouzi, Ahmadi, Hosseini,& Khankeh. 2017). This implies that by training nurses in disaster preparedness, it can help better healthcare delivery in the given situation. The researches recommend that further studies be done using a grounded theory. The article is credible because it links this research to previous research done before. Linking other articles into this article also shows the transferability of it. The auditability is reflected in the ease at which the reader can understand the research performed and how they relate to the results.

References

Pourvakhshoori, N., Norouzi, K., Ahmadi, F., Hosseini, M., & Khankeh, H. (2017). Nurse in limbo: A qualitative study of nursing in disasters in Iranian context. Plos One, 12(7), e0181314. https://doi-org.ezproxy.hsutx.edu:4443/10.1371/journal.pone.0181314