18 question for art history2

Art History 102 Midterm Review

A. Takayama January/2018

Review for the Midterm Exam

ARTIST: please be able to identify the significance or contributions credited to each of the following artist in

the development of Western Art. (What was so important about their art to the history of ART?)

Late Gothic

Duccio

Giotto

Limbourg Brothers

Gentile da Fabrianno

Nicola and Giovanni Pisano

Renaissance

Donatello

Brunelleschi

Masaccio

Fra Filippo Lippi

Andrea del Verrocchio

Botticelli

Pietro Perugino

Andrea Mantegna

Giovanni Bellini

Leonardo da Vinci

Michelangelo

Raphael

Giorgione

Titian

Parmigianino

Bronzino

Tintoretto

El Greco

Correggio

Giovanni Bologna

The Renaissance in the North

Jan van Eyck

Hieronymus Bosch

Rogier van der Weyden

Mathias Grunewald

Albrecht Durer

Hans Holbein

Joachim Patinir

Pieter Aertsen

Pieter Bruegel

The Baroque styles of Italy and

Spain

Caravaggio

Artemisia Gentileschi

Annibale Carracci

Pietro de Cortona

Gianlorenzo Bernini

Francesco Borromini

Diego Velazquez

Francisco de Zurbaran

Baroque styles of Northern

Europe

Peter Paul Rubens

Frans Hals

Rembrandt

Jacob van Ruisdael

Jan Vermeer

Baroque styles of France and

England

Georges de La Tour

Nicolas Poussin

Claude Lorraine

Claude Perrault

Louis Le Vau

Jules Hardouin-Mansart

The Rococo styles

Jean-Antoine Watteau

Francois Boucher

Jean-Honore Fragonard

William Hogarth

Thomas Gainsborough

Sir Joshua Reynolds

Giovanni Battista Tiepolo

REVIEW QUESTIONS:

1. When the text book cites the "Greek", "Oriental" or traditional styles found in Late Gothic works, to what are

they referring? From what culture are these traditions based upon? What are the key characteristics of the

style?

2. The Catholic Church was the most important cultural force in Europe throughout the Middle Ages. The

Church dictated not only religion, but local politics, foreign affairs, education, social behavior, and almost

everything else in daily life. What were the consequences to culture in Europe in having the Church having so

much influence?

3. The term "Renaissance" means "re-birth". What was reborn?

Art History 102 Midterm Review

A. Takayama January/2018

4. The major source of income for most artists in the Italian Renaissance was the Catholic Church. Why? (What

was the purpose of the art commissioned by the Church?)

5. What was the role and significance of the de Medici and other wealthy families in the development of the

Renaissance movement in Italy?

6. Identify and select examples of works which demonstrate the ideals and goals of "humanism" in the

Renaissance period.

7. What characteristic of Donatello's bronze statue of "David" suggest it was a transition work from Late Gothic

ideas to Renaissance ideas for making artworks?

8. What is the difference between tempera and oil paints? Oil paints have been around since the Ancient

Egyptian, when it was used it to protect wood furniture. Who then is credited with the beginnings of painting

images with oil paint in the early Renaissance?

9. In what ways did the introduction of oil painting contribute to the goals and philosophy of the Renaissance

painters? In other words, what could you do with oil paints that you couldn't do with other methods of

painting images?

10. How did Brunelleschi's discovery of linear perspective enhance the ideals of the Renaissance art? What is

linear or scientific perspective?

11. Brunelleschi's architectural works are said to have revived the "Classical" structural ideas of the ancient

Greeks and Romans seen during the Renaissance. What were some of these classical ideas?

12. What influence did events like the "discovery" of America and other parts of the world by Columbus and

others have upon the cultures and thinking of many Western European societies?

13. What are some of the contributing factors that one could cite as major influences which made the art of

Northern Europe so different than that of Italy? What would be examples of art works which demonstrate the

differences.

14. How did the artists' attitudes change in the periods that followed the Renaissance concerning the emphasis on

Beauty and Perfection that were the hallmarks of Renaissance?

15. The period after the Renaissance in Art History is called "Mannerism". What is so mannered in Mannerism?

16. What are the major characteristics which define the various periods of Western Art History from the

Renaissance through the Age of Enlightenment? Be able to list and explain the various philosophies, attitudes

and priorities cited as defining characteristics of each period. (Changes in religion, politics, economics,

education, etc.)

17. What are the functions or uses of art that reflect the social and cultural situations in Europe , particularly after

the Renaissance period? (As the culture changed, so did the art. What were the changes?)

18. The Protestant movement in Northern Europe changed the art world of Northern Europe. What were the

reasons for the major changes in the art, particularly in painting? How did the artist express these new criteria

for making art?