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Argentina-LegalSystems_PRESENTATION.pptxARGENTINA
Table of Content
Overview & History& Basis of law system
Court Structure & Culture Influence
Impact of Business Law & Impact of International Companies
Contract Rules & Protection of Intellectual Property (IP)
Employment Law & Overview of Key Legal Risk
OVERVIEW
-federal country
-federal and provincial courts
-9 federal Supreme Court judges
-federal courts appeal in Buenos Aires & and other large cities
-“inefficient and open to political influence, despite recent reforms.”
HISTORY
1853- national (federal) Constitution was adopted
1994- last amendement
1990s-Reforms
1993-prison ombudsman
-Civil law system
Hierarchy of federal law
BASIS OF THE LEGAL SYSTEM
Dual judicial system with Federal and Provincial courts
Federal: focus on disputes related to maritime, aviation, intellectual property and transport disputes across different jurisdictions
Provincial: cover diverse areas of law in each province, including ordinary commercial disputes, civil and criminal matters
COURT STRUCTURE
| Federal | Provincial |
| Supreme Court of Argentina | Provincial Supreme Courts |
| Federal Courts of Appeals | Provincial Courts of Appeals |
| Federal Trial Courts | Provincial Courts of First Instance |
| The justice of the peace | The justice of the peace | The justice of the peace |
COURT STRUCTURE
| Introductory stage | Pre-trial mediation proceeding Filing of the complaint with the court 15 working days for defendant to reply and defend with supporting documents and evidences Preliminary proceedings by the court |
| Evidence stage | First hearing scheduled by the court Declaration of the case as a matter of legal interpretation by the court Written closing arguments submitted by both parties |
| Ruling stage | Final decision by court |
| Appeal stage | Appeals to provincial courts of appeal or supreme courts |
| Enforcement stage | Enforcement proceedings for any non-compliance of the judgement |
LITIGATION PROCESS
Codified legal system derived from ancient Roman Empire, which impacted most Western Europe countries
National and official language in Spanish based on its colonized history
Predominant religion is Catholicism and give rise to privileged status of catholic church
Diverse religious communities as a result of past immigration waves has fostered legislation focus on anti-discrimination and equality in human rights
Collective culture values social relationship and personal commitments, yet, detailed and lengthy written contracts retain an importance in formality and legal binding force
CULTURAL INFLUENCES
Protection of Property Rights
This protection is essential for businesses, as it establishes a legal basis for ownership and contract enforcement, as well as the fundamental principles of business law.
Equal Protection and Non-Discrimination
This principle will extend to business law, ensuring that businesses and individuals are treated fairly and equally before the law.
Economic Rights and Freedoms
This law laid the foundation for a legal and free environment for the establishment of business law.
Regulation of Commerce
It will be possible to formulate laws affecting business activities across regions and borders.
IMPACT OF BUSINESS LAW
IMPACT OF INTERNATIONAL COMPANIES
The Companies Law governs the establishment, operation, and dissolution of companies in Argentina.
01
It includes regulations related to import and export procedures, customs duties, and foreign exchange controls.
02
It covers issues such as working hours, wages, termination of employment, and employee benefits.
03
Argentina's tax system is regulated by the Tax Code, which establishes the rules for corporate income tax, value-added tax (VAT), and other taxes.
04
：COMPANIES LAW
：FOREIGN TRADE AND EXCHANGE LAW
：LABOR CONTRACT LAW
：TAX LAW
Code
Civil and Commercial Code
Contract Formation
Freedom of form (Oral or written, electronic contract)
Foreign language
No registration is required
Mandatory clauses
Consent of the parties, good faith, a valid object, a valid cause and the required form
CONTRACT RULES
Validity of Contract
Offer, acceptance and consideration
Formalities
Can be held invalid such as lacking capacity
Remedies for Breach
The innocent party may seek remedies
Dispute resolution clauses in contracts
Code
Intellectual Property Law
Copyright
Covers various forms (books, music, films, software & visual arts etc.)
Lifetime plus 70 years.
No substantial examination
PROTECTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
Trademarks
The National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI)
Lasts for 10 years
Distinctive character
National territory protection
Patents &Industrial Designs
INPI is responsible
Patents: 20 years
Industrial designs: 10 years
Trade Secrets
Against unlawful use
No registration
Enforcement of IP
Civil and criminal actions
Generally slow
EMPLOYMENT LAW
Employment Contracts
Minimum Wage and Working Hours
Leaves and Vacations
Termination and Severance
Collective Bargaining and Unions
Employment of Minors
Contract Types: Fixed Term and Indefinite contracts
Trial Periods: 3 months
Severance Pay based on length of service
Between 1 to 3 months' salary per year of service.
27,000 Argentine pesos per month
48 hours: 8 hours/day over 6 days/week.
Annual Leave
Sick Leave
Maternity and Paternity Leave
~35% of Argentina's workforce is unionized
Regulations prohibit employing minors under 16 years of age
Restrictions on hours/ type of work permitted for 16 to 18 year olds.
OVERVIEW OF THE KEY LEGAL RISKS
Economic and Political Instability
Regulatory Environment
Contractual and Commercial Risks
Labor Laws and Employment
Corruption and Compliance
International Trade
Currency Fluctuations
Policy Changes
Stringent Labor Regulations
Union Activity
Complex Tax System
Bureaucracy
Enforcement of Contracts
Business Disputes
Corruption and bribery issues
Compliance Challenges
Trade Restrictions: Shifting trade policies, tariffs, and import/export regulations
THANK YOU
Office of International Religious Freedom. (2022). 2022 Report on International Religious Freedom: Argentina. https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/argentina/
Delatour and Rabasa. (2022). Litigation and Enforcement in Argentina: Overview. https://ca.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/7-519-1010?transitionType=Default&contextData=(sc.Default)&firstPage=true
The Foundation of the International Association of Defense Counsel. (2014). Survey of International Litigation Procedures: A Reference Guide. chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.iadclaw.org/assets/1/7/SILP_Argentina.pdf
Encyclopedia of the Nations. (N.D.). Argentina - Judicial system. https://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Americas/Argentina-JUDICIAL-SYSTEM.html
Katz. (2017). Negotiating International Business - The Negotiator’s Reference Guide to 50 Countries Around the World. chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.leadershipcrossroads.com/mat/cou/Argentina.pdf
Garro, A. M. (2007). Judicial Review of Constitutionality in Argentina: Background Notes and Constitutional Provisions Notes and Constitutional Provisions. chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://dsc.duq.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3559&context=dlr
REFERENCES
Hernandez, A. M. (N.D.) Judicial Federalism And The Protection Of Fundamental Rights In Argentina. chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.acaderc.org.ar/wp-content/blogs.dir/55/files/sites/55/2021/11/JudicialfederalismFundamentalrights.pdf
Argentina 1853 (reinst. 1983, rev. 1994) Constitution - Constitute. (n.d.). https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Argentina_1994
Abdelal, Rawi, Amy C. Edmondson, Felix Oberholzer-Gee, Gustavo A. Herrero, and Regina Garcia-Cuellar. "Doing Business in Argentina." Harvard Business School Case 713-425, September 2012. (Revised September 2015.
REFERENCES
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