Paper proposal

How to Write a Paper Proposal

Key Information

• Check Canvas for the due date • Worth 50 points or 5% of final grade • 500 word minimum

• 350 words text in the introduction+150 words annotated bibliography • This is a proposal that you submit for the final research paper. Lastname_Firstname_Paper_Proposal.docx

Criteria Pts

Intent 2 pts

Question 2 pts

Thesis 2 pts

Introduction Form 10 points Function 5 points; Date Constructed 1 point; Location 1 point; Construction 8 points

25 pts

List of Primary Sources 4 pts

Annotated Bibliography 5 points for each source. If the source is not scholarly, zero points. If the annotation is missing, zero points.

15 pts

-1 point for every 5 words short of the word limit 0 pts

Check Turnitin Score. Plagiarized assignments get a zero. 0 pts

After canvas closes ZERO Once canvas closes after the grace period, your grade will automatically become a zero.

0 pts

Contents of the Paper Proposal

• Title Page • Intent • Introduction • Research Question • Thesis • Kinds of primary sources that I hope to use

• These will typically be the building or city itself, photos, or drawings of the buildings

• Annotated bibliography (50 words per source, minimum three sources in Chicago bibliographic style)

Title Page • Should have the term (spring, summer, or fall) • Course Number and section • Assignment (paper proposal or paper) • Your topic • Your name

Convert of your topic into a paper title Paper Topic Title That you will Write on the title page

Assyrian Palaces (building type) Assyrian Palaces

Assyrian City Nineveh (single city) Assyrian City of Nineveh

Aztec City Yautepec (city template) Yautepec

Aztec City Teotihuacan (city template) Teotihuacan

Aztec City Tenochtitlán (city template) Tenochtitlán

Bastide towns (city type) Bastide towns Buddhist China pagodas (building type) Pagodas

Buddhist India Ajanta (urban ensemble) Ajanta Caves

Buddhist India Sanchi Stupa (single building) Sanchi Stupa

Byzantine Hagia Sophia (single building) Hagia Sophia

Byzantine Venice urban history (city template only upto Byzantine period)

The Urban history of Venice

Convert of your topic into a paper title Carolingian Charlemagne's Palace and Chapel at Aachen (urban ensemble) Charlemagne's Palace and Chapel at Aachen

China Han Dynasty Houses (building type) Han Dynasty Houses

China Han Dynasty Palaces (building type) Han Dynasty Palaces

China Tang Dynasty Tombs (building type) Tang Dynasty Tombs

China Sui-Tang City of Chang'an (single city) Sui-Tang City of Chang'an

Chinese city (city type) The Planning of the Chinese city Constantinople (single city) Constantinople

Early Christian Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem (single building) Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem

Early Christian Old St. Peters now destroyed (not the existing St. Peters) Old St. Peters

Egypt Ḥatshepsut's Temple at Deir el-Baḥri (single building) Ḥatshepsut's Temple at Deir el-Baḥri

Egypt Pyramids (construction Technology) The Construction Technology of Egyptian Pyramids

Egypt temple at Karnak (single building) The Egyptian Temple at Karnak

Convert of your topic into a paper title Egypt Pyramids at Giza (urban ensemble) Egyptian Pyramids at Giza

Etruscan City Planning (city type) Etruscan City Planning

Etruscan Temple (building type) Etruscan Temple

Gothic Amiens Cathedral (single building) Amiens Cathedral

Gothic Beauvais Cathedral (single building) Beauvais Cathedral

Gothic Bourges Cathedral (single building) Bourges Cathedral

Gothic Cathedral of Beauvais (single building) Cathedral of Beauvais

Gothic Chatres Cathedral (single building) Chatres Cathedral

Gothic Durham Cathedral (single building) Durham Cathedral

Gothic Ely Cathedral (single building) Ely Cathedral

Gothic Gloucester Cathedral (single building) Gloucester Cathedral

Gothic Milan cathedral (single building) Milan cathedral

Gothic Lincoln Cathedral (single building) Lincoln Cathedral

Gothic Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris (single building)

Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris

Gothic Reims Cathedral (single building) Reims Cathedral

Convert of your topic into a paper title Gothic Sainte Chapelle (single building) Sainte Chapelle

Gothic Cathédrale St-Bénigne (single building) Cathédrale St-Bénigne

Gothic St. Denis (single building) St. Denis

Gothic Strasbourg Cathedral (single building) Strasbourg Cathedral

Gothic Structure (construction Technology) Gothic Structural Technology

Greece City Athens (single city) Athens

Greece temple Parthenon (single building) Parthenon

Greek Acropolis Athens (urban ensemble) Acropolis Athens

Greek Agora Athens (urban ensemble) Agora Athens

Greek Houses (building type) Greek Houses Greek temples (building type) Greek Temples

Hindu Temple Angkor Wat (single building) Hindu Temple at Angkor Wat

Hindu Temple Khajuraho temples (evolution of the temple form) Hindu Temples in Khajuraho

Hindu Temple Five Rathas (building type) The Five Rathas

Hindu Temple Orissa temples (building type) Hindu Temples in Orissa

Inca masonry (construction Technology) Inca Masonry

Convert of your topic into a paper title Indus Valley Mohenjo-Daro (single city) The City of Mohenjo-Daro

Islamic Arches and Vaults (construction Technology) Islamic Arches and Vaults (construction Technology)

Islamic Alhambra Palace (single building) Alhambra Palace

Islamic Cordoba Mosque (single building) Cordoba Mosque

Islamic Damascus Mosque (single building) Damascus Mosque

Islamic Isfahan mosque (single building) Isfahan mosque

Islamic History of Cairo City -Mamluk Egypt History of Cairo City-Mamluk Egypt

Islamic Umayyad Dome of the Rock (single building) Dome of the Rock

Japan Ise Shrine (single building) Japan Ise Shrine

Mayan City Belize (single city) Belize Mayan City Ceros (single city) Ceros Mayan City Copan (single city) Copan

Mayan City El Mirador (single city) El Mirador

Mayan City Monte Alban (single city) Monte Alban

Mayan City Palenque (single city) Palenque

Convert of your topic into a paper title

Convert of your topic into a paper title Mayan City Uxmal (single city) Uxmal Mayan City Tikal (single city) Tikal

Mayan Plazas Palenque (urban ensemble) Mayan Plaza: Palenque

Mayan Plazas Tikal (urban ensemble) Mayan Plaza: Tikal

Megaliths (building type) Megaliths Minoan palace (building type) Minoan Palace

Mycenaean Palace of Tiryns (single building) Mycenaean Palace of Tiryns

Mycenaean citadels (building type) Mycenaean Citadels

Neolithic City Çatalhöyük (single city) Çatalhöyük

Neolithic City Ur (single city) Ur Neolithic City Jericho (single city) Jericho

Ottonian Church of Saint Pantaleon at Cologne (single building) Church of Saint Pantaleon at Cologne

Prehistoric temples Malta (building type) Prehistoric Temples in Malta

Roman Amphitheater Colosseum (single building) Colosseum

Roman aqueducts (building type) Roman Aqueducts

Convert of your topic into a paper title Roman Arch of Constantine (single building) Arch of Constantine

Roman Arches and Vaults (construction Technology) The Construction Technology of Roman Arches and Vaults

Roman Augustan Rome City Augustan Rome History of the City Roman Baths (building type) Baths

Roman Castra (city type) Roman Castra Roman Forum of Augustus (urban ensemble) Forum of Augustus

Roman Forum of Trajan (urban ensemble) Forum of Trajan

Roman Forum of Caesar (urban ensemble) Forum of Caesar

Roman Forum in the City Pompeii (urban ensemble) Forum in the City Pompeii

Roman Hadrian's Villa (single building) Hadrian's Villa

Roman Pantheon (single building) Pantheon

Roman City Pompeii (single city) Pompeii

Roman Trajan's Column (single building) Trajan's Column

Convert of your topic into a paper title

Romanesque Abbey Church of Saint-Riquier (single building)

Abbey Church of Saint-Riquier

Romanesque San Marco Venice (single building) San Marco Venice

Romanesque Abbey of Cluny (single building) Abbey of Cluny

Romanesque St. Gall (urban ensemble) St. Gall

Romanesque Structure (construction Technology) The Construction Technology in Romanesque Structure systems

Intent

• What you plan to do. • Example: In this paper, I wish to examine how the form of the

Humayun's tomb relates to its function, structure, materiality, and construction. • Intent is very similar to the research question.

Introduction (written as prose not bullet points) The Introduction must include:

• Name of the building, or city, or ensemble. • Location. • Date range for the building, or city, or ensemble (separated by en dash –)

XXXX–XXXX if you use a hyphen it will look like this XXXX-XXXX • Architect (if known) and builder (if known). • Patron (if known): Patron would be the king/queen or the sponsor of the building. In modern day terms that would be the

client. • Brief introduction to the function of the building, or city, or ensemble. • Function can be one or many of these--religious, civic, political, climatic, defense, and ritualistic. Explain the function in

detail. Do not just list it. • Provide a cultural context that led to the construction of the of the building, or city, or ensemble. • Brief introduction to the form and geometry of the building, or city, or ensemble. • Construction methods used in the building, or city, or ensemble. • Materials used in the making of the building, or city, or ensemble.

Central Question or research question For single building How does the function of the building relate to the form, construction, technologies, and materials used? For a city How does the function of the city relate to the urban form? What are the key spaces in the city? How do they correspond to the life in the city? What are the building types in the city? Why and how were they built? For an urban ensemble (like Forum or agora) How does the function of the urban ensemble relate to the urban form? , What are the key spaces in the urban ensemble ? How do they correspond to the life in the city? What are the building types in the urban ensemble? Why and how were they built?

Central Question or research question For construction Technology (like Gothic construction system, Inca masonry) How did the construction technology develop and evolve? You will use several buildings here to explain how a particular construction technique developed over time through trial and error. What factors influenced the construction technology of the building? For a building type or evolution of a building (Greek House, Roman House, Minoan palace) How did the building spatial layout develop and evolve? You will use several buildings here to explain how a particular building spatial layout changed over time and why. What factors influenced the changes in the spatial layout of the building?

Central Question or research question For a city type (Bastide Towns ) How did the urban layout develop and evolve? You will use several cities here to explain how a particular urban layout changed over time and why. What factors influenced the changes in the layout of the city?

Thesis

• Paper topic: Humayun's tomb • For example research question: how does the form of the Humayun's

tomb relate it its function? • Thesis: Humayun's tomb was a mausoleum for the Mughal emperor

Humanyun. The interior of the building consists of two radially symmetrical floors. Radially symmetrical plans were a definitive feature of the fifteenth-century Timurid architecture. Since, Humayun saw himself a Timurid ruler, therefore, the tomb was based on Timurid architecture.

Now you will need to write the proposal

• You will need scholarly or secondary sources for the annotated bibliography • You will need to identify primary sources

Primary sources

• Contemporary accounts of an event, written by someone who experienced or witnessed the event in question. • Original Documents (i.e., they are not about another document or

account) are often diaries, letters, memoirs, journals, speeches, manuscripts, interviews and other such unpublished works. • Published pieces such as newspaper or magazine articles (as long as

they are written soon after the fact and not as historical accounts), photographs, audio or video recordings, research reports in the natural or social sciences, or original literary or theatrical works.

Primary sources Provide direct or firsthand evidence about an event, object, person, or work of art. Primary sources are

• historical and legal documents • eyewitness accounts • results of experiments • statistical data • pieces of creative writing • audio and video recordings • speeches, and art objects • Interviews • surveys • fieldwork • Internet communications via email, blogs, listservs, and newsgroups are also primary sources.

Secondary Sources

• Analyzes and interprets primary sources • Second-hand account of an historical event • Interprets a historical event • Secondary sources describe, discuss, interpret, comment upon,

analyze, evaluate, summarize, and process primary sources.

Example if you are writing a history of 9/11 what will your primary sources be? Your primary sources will be contemporary account of the event produced during the tie the event happened. 1) TV reports 2) Newspaper reports 3) Oral histories: interviews with survivors, firefighters. 4) Photographs 5) Memoirs 6) Emails 7) Speeches 8) State department reports 9) Manuscripts and archives

Example if you are writing a history of 9/11 what will your secondary sources be? 1. Books 2. Journal papers

3. Criticisms

4. Radio or television documentaries

5. Conference proceedings

Primary vs. Secondary Sources

• Primary source: a document, speech, or other sort of evidence written, created or otherwise produced typically within the time frame of the past event, at that time of, or close to the source being studied.

• The function secondary sources is to interpret primary sources. • Secondary source materials

interpret, assign value to, conjecture upon, and draw conclusions about the events reported in primary sources. • Typically written after the event

takes place.

Examples of Primary and Secondary Sources Primary Sources

• Original Documents: Autobiographies, diaries, email, interviews, letters,, news film footage, official records, photographs, raw research data, speeches.

• Creative Works: Art, drama, films, music, novels, poetry.

• Relics or Artifacts: Buildings, clothing, DNA, furniture, jewelry, pottery.

Secondary Sources (scholarly sources for annotated bibliography) • Journal articles • Books • Textbooks • Criticisms • Radio or television documentaries • Conference proceedings

True Primary Sources: building that was built before 1400 CE • For a building that was built before 1400 CE, you will not have too

many primary sources readily available to you in Gainesville. • Your building, or city, or ensemble is a primary source. This is a true

primary source. • In the real world, any drawings, plans, sections, photos are primary

only if they are produced at the time of the construction of the building. • For example, if you are writing a paper on Frank Lloyd Wright’s Falling

Water House then you will have access to drawing, photos, produced by Wright during the time that building was being built and therefore, they are true primary sources.

Substitute Primary Sources: building that was built before 1400 CE: Making exceptions for your term paper • In case of buildings before 1400 CE we don’t have original drawings

produced by the architects who built these structures. • Photography was not invented at that time. • Truly speaking, any drawings, plans, sections, photos of buildings before

built before 1400 CE were produced several centuries after that event occurred—that is the building date of the structure, city or ensemble. • For the purpose of your paper, any drawings, plans, sections, photos will be

considered primary sources, even though they are not strictly primary sources. • True primary sources for this time period will involve travel; knowledge of

languages like Latin, Greek, Persian; and fieldwork.

Finding Primary sources for your Paper proposal: real and substitute • List the true primary sources that you plan to use as evidence in an ideal world if you

were able to travel, had archeological resources, had language abilities, and unlimited money. You can scan the footnotes or endnotes of the scholarly secondary sources that you will use to get a sense of what primary source exist.

• List Substitute Primary sources • Your building (if writing a paper on a building) is a primary source. • Your city (if writing a paper on a city) is a primary source. • Your urban ensemble (if writing a paper on an urban space) is a primary source. • Since you cannot travel to the site you will write about, we will make an exception

and accept the building or city as a primary source. • Therefore, plans, elevations, and sections, will be your substitute primary sources. • Photos will be your substitute primary sources.

Substitute Primary Sources: Building

• When you list your building or the city or the ensemble as the first primary source make sure you write the name, approximate date of construction, city, country.

• The Pantheon building, built in 126 CE in Rome, Italy, itself is a true primary source.

• Drawings such as plans, elevations, sections, and sketches made much after the Pantheon built in 126 CE was constructed. Although these drawings were made by other people and several centuries after the construction of Pantheon built in 126 CE , this is truly speaking not a primary source, I am using it as a primary source because I am not able to travel and access true primary sources.

• Photographs taken much after the Pantheon built in 126 CE was constructed. Although these photographs were taken by other people and several centuries after the construction of the Pantheon built in 126 CE, this is truly speaking not a primary source, I am using it as a primary source because I am not able to travel and access true primary sources.

Substitute Primary Sources: City Remains

• When you list your building or the city or the ensemble as the first primary source make sure you write the name, approximate date of construction, city, country.

• If you are writing a paper on a city that does not exist anymore, say Çatalhüyük, that has only archeological remains left, then you will write, The archeological remains of the city of Çatalhüyük – a tentatively dated to about 6700 BCE and the latest to about 5650 BCE located in present day south-central Turkey – are a true primary source.

• Reconstruction drawings such as plans, elevations, sections, and sketches made much after the of Çatalhüyük 6700–5650 BCE was constructed and destroyed. Although these drawings were made by other people and several centuries after the construction of Çatalhüyük 6700–5650 BCE , this is truly speaking not a primary source, I am using it as a primary source because I am not able to travel and access true primary sources.

• Photographs taken much after the Çatalhüyük 6700–5650 BCE was constructed. Although these photographs were taken by other people and several centuries after the construction of the Çatalhüyük 6700–5650 BCE , this is truly speaking not a primary source, I am using it as a primary source because I am not able to travel and access true primary sources.

Substitute Primary Sources: Living City

• When you list your building or the city or the ensemble as the first primary source make sure you write the name, approximate date of construction, city, country.

• The city of Rome, founded in 753 CE in modern day Italy itself is a true primary source.

• Drawings such as plans, elevations, sections, and sketches made much after Rome was founded in 753 CE. Although these drawings were made by other people and several centuries after the construction of the of Rome, this is truly speaking not a true primary source, I am using it as a primary source because I am not able to travel and access true primary sources.

• Photographs taken much after Rome was constructed. Although these photographs were taken by other people and several centuries after the construction of the of Rome, which began in in 753 CE, this is truly speaking not a true primary source, I am using it as a primary source because I am not able to travel and access true primary sources.

Substitute Primary Sources: Urban ensemble

• When you list your building or the city or the ensemble as the first primary source make sure you write the name, approximate date of construction, city, country.

• The archeological remains of the Greek agora of Athens, built from 6th century BCE to 5th–4th century BCE located in Athens Greece, are a true primary source.

• Drawings such as plans, elevations, sections, and sketches made much after the Greek agora of Athens (6th century BCE to 5th–4th century BCE) was constructed. Although these drawings were made by other people and several centuries after the construction of Greek agora of Athens (6th century BCE to 5th–4th century BCE) this is truly speaking not a primary source, I am using it as a primary source because I am not able to travel and access true primary sources.

• Photographs taken much after the Greek agora of Athens (6th century BCE to 5th–4th century BCE) was constructed. Although these photographs were taken by other people and several centuries after the construction of Greek agora of Athens (6th century BCE to 5th–4th century BCE), this is truly speaking not a primary source, I am using it as a primary source because I am not able to travel and access true primary sources.

To find scholarly sources for annotated bibliography Use the Library and Online Databases If researching off-campus, download VPN.

• If you are on campus using UF Wi-Fi then you can access all databases. • If researching off-campus, download VPN to access UF databases. • To Install VPN go here:

https://net-services.ufl.edu/provided-services/vpn/clients/

To find scholarly sources for annotated bibliography

• Click here to find sources on your paper available on canvas. • Please use scholarly sources. • Do not use non-scholarly sources • . Avoid using websites that are NOT scholarly databases. • If you must use a website, learn how to evaluate the scholarly merit

of a website.

To find scholarly sources for annotated bibliography Use the Library and Online Databases • Use scholarly databases to find articles

• JSTOR • AVERY • OXFORD REFERENCE • GROVE ART ONLINE • Hathi Trust • If you are on-campus you can access these directly. If you are off-

campus, using a non-UF wireless you will need a VPN (virtual private network).

• If you have trouble finding sources Contact our architecture Librarian Ms. Ann Baird

Writing Style

• Use “I” statements to give voice to your views and to distinguish your voice from others. • Do not plagiarize!

• Not using a bibliography/endnotes constitutes plagiarism. • Claiming someone else’s ideas as yours is plagiarism.

Annotated Bibliography: 15 points

• List at least 3 scholarly secondary sources (books or journal papers) • Do not use non-scholarly sources. • Web sites, newspapers, and non-scholarly journals are not acceptable

scholarly sources.

• Each annotation of a scholarly source should be at least 50 words.

The Chinese capital cities Chang’an and Beijing share similarities – organized by articulated and directed spaces, defined by outer wall of precise geometric shapes, and divided into smaller geometric shapes within these walls. Both cities were built near established historic sites, Chang’an near the village of Banpo and Beijing near the town of Ji. Research unveils three distinct early imperial city plans for the primary and secondary capitals of each major Chinese dynasty. Steinhardt describes these three plans and sites examples to support the evidence: Qufu cites the first imperial city layout with place city at the direct city center, Jiang as the second type of plan where the palace is located in the north center, and Xindian, Handan, and Xiadu as the third type which implements a double wall enclosure. A period of non-traditional imperial capitol cities developed during 221 BC and AD 220 that reject the Kaogong Ji plan. Steinhardt believes the plan of Han’s capitol Chang’an is “non-traditional” due to the fact that the city emerged from previous ruins, the Zao River limited the extend of the western outer wall, and the presence of multiple palaces limited the allowable space for residences. The Eastern Han Louyang is another irregular city plan restricted by adjacent natural elements (the Mang Mountains on the North and the Luo River on the South) and containing multiple places, a practice that was abolished after the fall of the Han.

Chicago style bibliographic citation

Steinhardt, Nancy Shatzman. “Why Were Chang’an and Beijing so Different?” Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 45, no. 4 (1986): 339–57.

One paragraph summary of the book or article, also known as annotation minimum 50 words

Paper Proposal vs. Final Research Paper