2 appendix E

Title of Article

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Level of Evidence:Click or tap here to enter text.

See description on last page at the bottom

Authors:

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Publication Date:Click or tap to enter a date.

Journal:

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Setting: Click or tap here to enter text.

Sample

(Composition & size): Click or tap here to enter text.

Does this evidence address my EBP question?

☐Yes

☐No

Do not proceed with appraisal of this evidence

Level of Evidence (Study Design)

A. Is this a report of a single research study? If No, go to B.

1. Was there manipulation of an independent variable?

2. Was there a control group?

3. Were study participants randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups?

If Yes to all three, this is a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) or Experimental Study

If Yes to #1 and #2 and No to #3, OR Yes to #1 and No to #2 and #3, this is Quasi Experimental (some degree of investigator control, some manipulation of an independent variable, lacks random assignment to groups, may have a control group)

If No to #1, #2, and #3, this is Non-Experimental (no manipulation of independent variable, can be descriptive, comparative, or correlational, often uses secondary data) or Qualitative (exploratory in nature such as interviews or focus groups, a starting point for studies for which little research currently exists, has small sample sizes, may use results to design empirical studies)

NEXT, complete THE bOTTOM SECTION ON THE Following PAGE, “STUDY FINDINGS THAT HELP YOU ANSWER THE EBP QUESTION”

☐ LEVEL I

☐ LEVEL II

☐ LEVEL III

☐Yes

☐Yes

☐Yes

☐Yes

☐No

☐No

☐No

☐No

B. Is this a summary of multiple research studies? If No, go to Non-Research Tool.

1. Does it employ a comprehensive search strategy and rigorous appraisal method (Systematic Review)? If No, use Non-Research Tool; if Yes:

a. Does it combine and analyze results from the studies to generate a new statistic (effect size)? (Systematic review with meta-analysis)

b. Does it analyze and synthesize concepts from qualitative studies? (Systematic review with meta-synthesis)

If Yes to either a or b, go to #2B below.

2. For Systematic Reviews and Systematic Reviews with meta-analysis or meta-synthesis:

a. Are all studies included RCTs?

☐ LEVEL I

☐ LEVEL II

☐ LEVEL IIl

☐ LEVEL IIl

☐Yes

☐Yes

☐Yes

☐Yes

☐No

☐No

☐No

☐No

Study findings that help you answer the RESEARCH question:

Quality Appraisal of Research Studies

· Does the researcher identify what is known and not known about the problem and how the study will address any gaps in knowledge?

· Was the purpose of the study clearly presented?

· Was the literature review within last 5 years?

·

· If there is a control group:

· Were the characteristics and/or demographics similar in both the control and intervention groups?

· If multiple settings were used, were the settings similar?

· Were all groups equally treated except for the intervention group(s)?

· Are data collection methods described clearly?

· Was instrument reliability explained?

· Was instrument validity discussed?

· Were the results of the study presented clearly?

· Were study limitations identified and addressed?

· Were conclusions based on results?

☐Yes

☐Yes

☐Yes

☐Yes

☐Yes

☐Yes

☐Yes

☐Yes

☐Yes

☐Yes

☐Yes

☐Yes

☐No

☐No

☐No

☐No

☐No

☐No

☐No

☐No

☐No

☐No

☐No

☐No

☐No

☐NA

☐NA

☐

☐NA

Quality Appraisal of Systematic Review with or without Meta-Analysis or Meta-Synthesis

· Was the purpose of the systematic review clearly stated?

· Were reports comprehensive, with reproducible search strategy?

· Key search terms stated

· Multiple databases searched and identified

· Inclusion and exclusion criteria stated

· Were details of included studies presented (design, sample, methods, results, outcomes, strengths and limitations)?

· Were methods for appraising the strength of evidence (level and quality) described?

· Were conclusions based on results?

· Results were interpreted

· Did the systematic review include both a section addressing limitations and how they were addressed?

☐Yes

☐Yes

☐Yes

☐Yes

☐Yes

☐Yes

☐Yes

☐Yes

☐Yes

☐Yes

☐No

☐No

☐No

☐No

☐No

☐No

☐No

☐No

☐No

☐No

Quality Rating Based on quality appraisal

A High quality: consistent, generalizable results; sufficient sample size for the study design; adequate control; definitive conclusions; consistent recommendations based on comprehensive literature review that includes thorough reference to scientific evidence

B Good quality: reasonably consistent results; sufficient sample size for the study design; some control, and fairly definitive conclusions; reasonably consistent recommendations based on fairly comprehensive literature review that includes some reference to scientific evidence

C Low quality or major flaws: little evidence with inconsistent results; insufficient sample size for the study design; conclusions cannot be drawn