ANSWER THE ESSAYS AND THE QUESTIONS
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APLECTURE10skeletalsysaxialskeleton.pptSkeletal System
Axial Skeleton
Skull
- 2 sets of bones
- Cranium – encloses and protects brain tissue
- Facial bones
- Most joined together by sutures
- Suture – interlocking, immovable joint
- Mandible
- Freely movable joint
Cranium
- 8 flat bones
- Single bones
- Except parietal and temporal
Frontal Bone
- Forehead
- Superior part of eye’s
Parietal Bone
- Paired
- Superior and lateral walls of cranium
- Sagittal suture
- Midline skull
- Coronal suture
- Meet with frontal bone
Parietal bone
Coronal suture
Temporal Bones
- Inferior to parietal bones
- Squamous suture
- Bone markings
- External auditory meatus
- Styloid process
- Zygomatic process
- Mastoid process
- Jugular foramen
- Carotid canal
Temporal Bone
External Auditory Meatus
Styloid Process
Mastoid Process
Zygomatic Process
Squamous Suture
Jugular Foramen
Carotid Canal
Occipital Bone
- Most posterior bone of cranium
- Floor and back wall of skull
- Lamboid suture
- Foramen magnum
Lambdoid suture
Occipital Bone
Foramen Magnum
Sphenoid Bone
- Butterfly shaped
- Floor of cranial cavity
Sphenoid Bone
Sphenoid Bone
Sphenoid Bone
Ethmoid Bone
- Anterior to sphenoid
- Roof of nasal cavity
- Medial walls orbits
Ethmoid Bone
Ethmoid Bone
Facial Bones
- 14 bones
- 12 paired
- 2 single
- Mandible
- Vomer
Maxillae
- All facial bones except mandible join this bone
- Paranasal sinuses
- Lighten skull bones
- Speech
Maxillae
Maxillae
Palatine Bones
- Posterior hard palate
Palatine Bone
Zygomatic Bone
- Cheekbones
Zygomatic Bone
Zygomatic Bone
Lacrimal Bones
- Medial walls orbit
Lacrimal Bone
Lacrimal Bone
Nasal Bones
- Bridge of nose
Nasal Bones
Nasal Bones
Vomer
- Single bone
- Nasal septum
Vomer
Mandible
- Lower jaw
- Largest and strongest bone of face
- Only freely moveable joint in skull
Mandible
Mandible
Hyoid Bone
- Not part of skull
- Only bone of body that does not articulate with another bone
- Suspended in midneck
- Tongue movement
- Lower larynx when we swallow and speak
Fetal Skull
- Fontanels
- Skull regions not bone
- Fibrous membranes connect cranial bones
- Soft spots
- Converted to bone 22-24 months after birth
Vertebral Column
- Spine
- Skull to pelvis
- 26 irregular bones
- 24 single bones
- 2 composite bones
- Protects spinal cord
Vertebrae
- Cervical
- Neck
- Thoracic
- Lumbar
- Support back
- Intervertebral discs
- Separate vertebrae
- Fibrocartilage
- Cushion vertebrae
- Absorb shock
Herniated Disc
- Drying discs
- Weakening ligaments
- Water content decreases
- Discs harder, less compressible
- Slipped disc presses on cord or spinal nerves cause numbness and pain
Spinal Curvatures
- Primary Curvature
- Present when born
- Thoracic and sacral region
- Secondary Curvature
- Cervical curvature – baby raises head
- Lumbar curvature – baby begins to walk
Abnormal Spinal Curvatures
Vertebrae Features
- Body
- Weight-bearing
- Faces anterior to vertebral column
- Vertebral Foramen
- Spinal cord passes
- Transverse Processes
- Spinous Process
Body
Vertebral
Foramen
Spinous Process
Transverse Process
Cervical Vertebrae
- C1
- Atlas
- Nod yes
- C2
- Axis
Cervical Vertebrae
- C3-C7
- Smallest, lightest
- Short spinous process
- Transverse process
- Foramina
- Vertebral arteries to brain
Thoracic Vertebrae
- T1-T12
- Larger than cervical
- Heart shaped body
- Long spinous process
Lumbar Vertebrae
- L1-L5
- Blocklike bodies
- Sturdiest vertebrae
Sacrum & Coccyx
- Sacrum
- 5 fused vertebrae
- Coccyx
- 3-5 fused vertebrae
- tailbone
Bony Thorax
- Sternum
- Ribs
- Thoracic
Vertebrae
Sternum
- Breastbone
- Flat bone
- 3 fused bones
- Manubrium
- Body
- Xiphoid Process
- Attached to first 7 ribs
Ribs
- 12 pairs
- Articulate posteriorly with vertebral column
- True ribs
- 1-7
- Attach to sternum
- Costal cartilage
- False ribs
- 8-12
- Floating ribs
