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APA VERSION 7

PART 1: FORMATTING

Judith Marged, Ed. D.

Associate -Faculty Online

Ashford University

N E W F O R M AT T I N G RU L E S

• The font should be consistent throughout the document and can be one of the following: • 12 pt. Times New Roman - most preferred • 11 pt. Georgia • 10 pt. Computer Modern • 11 pt. Calibri • 11 pt. Ariel • 10 pt. Lucida Sans Unicode

• Entire document is double spaced. • Margins are 1 inch on all sides. • Align the body text in your paper left, leaving the

right side uneven or ragged. Do not use justified alignment.

• Paragraphs in the body of the paper are indented 1/2 inch or one “tab” stop.

• Student papers do not include a running head, author note, or abstract, unless specifically requested.

(Ashford University, 2019)

H OW TO C H AN G E F O N T S T Y L E

• There are several font styles allowed in APA, but the standard font size and style is 12 point, Times New Roman. Follow these steps to change your font style and size: • Within your Word document, click on the "Home" tab.

• Highlight all of your text (Ctrl+A) and select "Times New Roman" as your font and change the size to "12."

(Ashford University, 2019)

H OW TO D O U B L E S PAC E

• Follow these steps to learn how to double space properly: • Select the paragraphs you want to double space. To select all of

your text, use the keyboard short Ctrl+a.

• Within the "Home" tab, click the "Line and Paragraph Spacing" button.

• Choose "2.0"

(Ashford University, 2019)

H OW TO S E T M AR G I N S

• According to APA format, your document margins should be 1 inch all the way around. To adjust your margins, follow these instructions: 1. Click on the "Page Layout" tab

2. Click on "Margins"

3. Click on "Normal"

(Ashford University, 2019)

T I T L E PAG E

• An Ashford title page contains:

• page number (in the top right margin/header)

• title of your paper (in bold and first letter of any major words capitalized)

• your full name

• school name

• course code and name

• instructor’s name

• the date submitted

• The page number is included in the top right of the margin and is included on all pages.

• The title of the paper is centered, in bold font, and appears 3-4 lines down on the page after the top margin.

• The remaining information appears one double-spaced line below the title of the paper. It is centered, double spaced, and in standard font with no bold or underlines.

(Ashford University, 2019)

H OW TO N U M B E R A PAG E

• Within a Microsoft Word document:

• 1. Click on the INSERT tab at the top of the page.

• 2. Click on the "Page Number" tool to open a menu of options.

• 3. Select "Top of Page" and "Plain Number 3" options.

• 4. Double click outside of the top margin of your paper to get back to the text area of your document.

(Ashford University, 2019)

F O R M AT T I N G T I T L E PAG E

• On your title page, hit the "Enter" key on your keyboard approximately 3 times so your cursor is in the top-middle of the page.

• Center your cursor (Ctrl+E) and add your paper's title in bold font: • For example: The Effects of Carbon-Dating Technology on

Dinosaur Bones • Hit the "Enter" key 1 time and write in the remaining information,

centered, each on its own line: • Your name

• For example: Jane Smith • The name of your school

• For example: Ashford University • Your course information

• For example: ENG 122: English Composition II • Your instructor's name

• For example: Prof. James Lee • The date you will turn in the paper.

• For example: January 1, 2020 • Highlight all the text you've typed (Ctrl+A) and double-space

(Ctrl+2) your title page information. (Ashford University, 2019)

F I N I S H E D T I T L E PAG E

• When you have completed these steps, your title page should look something like this:

(Ashford University, 2019)

F O R C E A PAG E B R E AK

• After the date, force a page break to ensure your paper begins on a new page.

• Follow these directions:

• Click on the ‘Insert’ tab.

• Click the ‘down arrow’ on the ‘Pages’ icon.

• Click on ‘Page Break.’

R E P E AT T I T L E O N PAG E T WO

• Place the title at the top of page 2, centered and in bold.

• The finish product should look like the following:

(Ashford University, 2019)

B E S U R E T O WAT C H PA R T 2 :

C I TAT I O N S A N D R E F E R E N C E S

R E F E R E N C ES

• Ashford University, (2019), Introduction to APA, https://writingcenter.ashford.edu/introduction-apa

APA VERSION 7

PART 2: CITATIONS AND REFERENCES

Judith Marged, Ed. D.

Associate -Faculty Online

Ashford University

PL AG I ARI SM

• Plagiarism is when you take another person's words or ideas and try to pass them off as your own.

• Whenever you quote, paraphrase, or summarize another person's work, you need to cite the source within your paper.

• Failing to properly cite someone else's words and ideas at the point they show up in your paper is plagiarism.

(Ashford University, 2019a)

AVO I DI NG PL AG I ARI SM

• Use in-text citations (citations within the text of the paper) to state where the original idea or information came from. Use the APA style required for your assignment.

• Place quotation marks around all wording that is copied word-for-word from a source.

• Properly quote, paraphrase, or summarize all information and wording that is not your own.

• Do not purchase writing and present it as your own work.

• Do not reuse assignments from a previous course without your instructor’s permission.

• Do not let other students borrow, copy, or reuse your past assignment.

(Ashford University, 2019a)

I N- T EXT CI TAT I O NS

• Citations for quoted material must include: • the authors’ or editors’ last names • the year the source was published • the page, paragraph, chapter, section, or time

stamp of the quotation. • Citations for paraphrased material must include:

• the authors’ or editors’ last names • the year the source was published. • Including the page, paragraph, chapter, section, or

time stamp of the quotation is optional. • All cited sources must be listed in the References

list, except for personal communications.

(Ashford University, 2019a)

HO W TO CREAT E CI TAT I ONS

• All APA in-text citations require the same basic information: • Author’s last name (no first names or initials)

• Editor’s name or Company name may be used if no author is listed.

• Year of publication (or “n.d.” if there is “no date”: (LastName, 2020) or (LastName, n.d.)

• Page number, paragraph number, chapter, section, or time stamp where the information can be located within the source (only required for direct quotes): (LastName, 2020, p.#) or (LastName, n.d., p.#)

(Ashford University, 2019b)

W HERE TO PL ACE CI TAT I ONS: AF T ER

SENT ENCE

• Place citations at either the beginning or end of the quoted or paraphrased material.

• Citations placed at end of quote: • Place material with quotations marks • Place citation information within parentheses • Use commas to separate author, date, and page

information • Place period after citation.

(Ashford University, 2019b)

W HERE TO PL ACE CI TAT I ONS: PART

O F SENT ENCE

• Place citations at either the beginning or end of the quoted or paraphrased material.

• Including citation as part of sentence: • Use beginning phrase that includes author’s last

name • Place date information within parentheses

immediately after author’s name • After quote, place page information within

parentheses. • Place period after citation.

(Ashford University, 2019b)

C I TAT I O N : L O C AT I O N O F Q U O T E

I N F O R M AT I O N

• If you are quoting from a source, include the author’s last name, year of publication, and the page number (or the location of where the quote can be found within the source if a page number is not present), for example:

• page number(s): (p. 3) or (pp. 3-4)

• paragraph number(s): (para. 3) or (paras. 3-4)

• paragraph within a chapter and/or section: (Chapter 3.1, para. 3) or (Plant-Based Foods section, para. 3)

• slide or table number: (Slide 3) or (Table 3)

• time stamp: (1:03:03)

(Ashford University, 2019b)

SPECI ALT Y CI TAT I ONS

• Citing when there is no author: • If your text does not include an author, include the web page

or article title within quotation marks (" ")and using title case capitalization (if the title is long, just use the first few words of it): • A collapse of the main ramp into the San Jose mine leaves

33 miners trapped 2,300 feet underground for two months ("All 33 Chile Miners," 2010).

• If you are citing a book or eBook with no author, include the book title in italics and use title case capitalization (if the title is long, shorten it to its first several words) : • Andragogy is the method and practice of teaching adult

learners (Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 2005). • When a group or an organization creates a work, that

organization, corporation, university, government agency, or association can be treated as the author. • In this case, include the full name of the group as the

author: (Ashford University, 2017, p. 4)

(Ashford University, 2019b)

SPECI ALT Y CI TAT I ONS

• Citing if multiple authors: • If two authors:

• When your source has 2 authors, use an ampersand (&) for your end-of- sentence (parenthetical)citation, but use "and" when the last names are a part of your sentence (narrative citation): • ……. (Jones & Fraenza, 2017, p.3). • Jones and Fraenza (2017) stated that………… (p.3).

• If three or more authors: • When you have 3 or more authors, include only the last name of the

first author listed, followed by “et al.”: • …… (Lekkerkerk et al., 2014, para. 2) • Lekkerkerk et al. (2014) discussed that …….. (para. 2).

• Group Author with Acronym Abbreviation • For citing a group name that is commonly shortened with the use of its

acronym, write out the full name of the group or organization the first time you cite it: • ….. (Center for Disease Control, 2020, para. 2). • Center for Disease Control (2020) shared that ….. (para. 2).

• Use the acronym for the organization for each additional citation from its source: • ….. (CDC, 2020, para. 2). • CDC(2020) shared that ….. (para. 2).

(Ashford University, 2019b)

REF ERENCES L I ST

• The References list starts on a new page after the text of the paper.

• The title, References, is centered at the top of the page, in bold font.

• Reference entries are listed in alphabetical order. • All sources listed in the References have at least one

corresponding in-text citation within the body of the text. • References are double spaced (between entries and within each

entry)and each entry uses a hanging indent. • Each item in your references list requires general publication

information, including but not limited to: • Author’s name ( may be editor’s name or company name) • Year of publication • Title • Source

(Ashford University, 2019a)

F O R C E A PAG E B R E AK

• After the end of your paper, force a page break to ensure your paper begins on a new page for the Reference page.

• Follow these directions:

• Click on the ‘Insert’ tab.

• Click the ‘down arrow’ on the ‘Pages’ icon.

• Click on ‘Page Break.’

EXAM PL ES O F REF ERENCES

E-Book or E-Textbook • Format:

Author’s Last Name, Initials. (Year published). Title of book: Subtitle of book (edition (ed.) if other than the first). Publisher. doi: or http://(url or doi of book)

• Example:

Butters, J. R. (2012). The land of literature (2nd ed.). Frontier. https:// doi:10.1177/1832302X15603466

Online Scholarly Journal • Format: Author’s Last Name, Initials. (Year published). Article title. Journal Name, Volume

#(Issue #), page range. https://(url of doi)

• Example: Cushman, W. (2015). A comfortable ride: The sofa salesman who could. Business

Quarterly, 14(3), 34-37. https://doi:12.1028/t.busquart.2014.10.007

(Ashford University, 2019c)

M O RE EXAM PL ES O F REF ERENCES

Webpage with person as author • Format:

Author’s Last Name, Initials. (Date published). Webpage title. Website Title. http://(url of web page)

• Example:

Daringer, D. (2017). The bungee hammock man. Extreme Leisure. http://extremeleisure/bungee-hammock-man

Webpage with Corporation or Company • Format: Title of Organization. (Date published). Webpage title. http:// (url of web page)

• Example: Effective Healthcare, Inc. (2018). Not just a mosquito. http://effectivehealthcare-

notjustmosquito

(Ashford University, 2019c)

M O RE EXAM PL ES O F REF ERENCES

Online Magazine or Newspaper • Format:

Author’s Last Name, Initials. (Year published, Month Day). Article title. Magazine or Newspaper Title. http://(url of web page)

• Example:

Featherton, M.C. (2005, March 20). Quiver and arrow: Archery in the modern age. Modern Warrior Weekly. http://modernwarriorweekly-quiver-arrow

YouTube video • Format: Screen name. (Year, Month Day). Title of video [Video]. YouTube. http://(url of

video) • Example: ChiefOfficerAbel. (2016, February 14). Officer defense strategies [Video]. YouTube.

http://youtube.com/ watch?v=GgkZtYPpzzt

For more examples, please view the APA References Guide.

(Ashford University, 2019c)

M O RE EXAM PL ES O F REF ERENCES

Multiple References with identical author and date information but different titles

• Add a lower-case letter after the publication date in the a, b, c format. • Format Author’s Last Name, Initials. (Year published a). Article title. http://(url of web page)

Author’s Last Name, Initials. (Year published b). Article title. http://(url of web page)

Author’s Last Name, Initials. (Year published c). Article title. http://(url of web page)

• Example: Ashford University, (2019a), Introduction to APA, https://writingcenter.ashford.edu/introduction-apa Ashford University, (2019b), APA: Citing Within Your Paper, https://writingcenter.ashford.edu/apa-citing-within-your-paper Ashford University, (2019c), APA References Guide, https://content.bridgepointeducation.com/curriculum/file/fb0c31c7- e508-4a16-9d89- d3021a0d7af4/1/APA%20References%20Guide.pdf

For more examples, please view the APA References Guide.

(Ashford University, 2019c)

B E S U R E T O WAT C H PA R T 1 :

F O R M AT T I N G

REF ERENCES

• Ashford University, (2019a), Introduction to APA, https://writingcenter.ashford.edu/introduction-apa

• Ashford University, (2019b), APA: Citing Within Your Paper, https://writingcenter.ashford.edu/apa-citing- within-your-paper

• Ashford University, (2019c), APA References Guide, https://content.bridgepointeducation.com/curricul um/file/fb0c31c7-e508-4a16-9d89- d3021a0d7af4/1/APA%20References%20Guide. pdf