Dissertation

EDU731-1: Dissertation

Page 1 EDU731-1: Dissertation

APA Guide

ΑPA: Examples of citations in in-text references and reference list

Referencing sources

 Do not cite a source that you have not used in your main text.

 Remember to cite an in-text source in your reference list.

In-text sources - paraphrasing

While Wolverton et al. (2005) used their research to explore the needs of academic

department chairs; their comments could just as easily reflect the needs of those who lead

academic programs within departments.

In-text sources – direct quotes

 Short quotations (less than 40 words) should be put in double quotation marks and

included in the body of the text. The surname of the author/authors, year of

publication and page numbers need to be included as well.

As Knight and Trowler suggest (2000, p. 69), “the ways in which academic staff (faculty)

experience their work often inhibit them from taking up what the research consensus

suggests are ways to be better teachers”.

Or

It has be noted that “the ways in which academic staff (faculty) experience their work often

inhibit them from taking up what the research consensus suggests are ways to be better

teachers” (Knight and Trowler ,2000, p. 69).

EDU731-1: Dissertation

Page 2 EDU731-1: Dissertation

 Long quotation of 40 or more words should be indented from the main text as a

separated paragraph. Quotation marks are not required. Double space needs to be

used for the quote. As with shorter quotes the surname of the author/authors, year of

publication and page numbers need to be included.

As he puts it, heads of department and department chairs “are not the only leaders in

university departments”:

One of the problems with the literature ... is that, at least implicitly, it associates

significant leadership of university departments with individuals who are at least

formally in charge of them. It is well known that university departments contain a

variety of formal roles in which there is an expectation of leadership, such as course

directors, directors of research, chairs of important committees, such as teaching and

learning committees, and so on. These roles are sometimes uncovered by researchers

concerned with departmental leadership in universities, but they are rarely considered

in relation to the issue of departmental leadership effectiveness (Bryman, 2007, p. 705).

Reference list

1. Authors name : surname, initial character of his/her first name

2. Put the authors using the order presented in the book or the article

3. Use punctuation mark (comma) to distinguish the authors and use & before the last

author

4. Books - use the year of copyright.

5. Article – date of publication – month

6. Book’s or article’s name – use the capital character for the first letter of the first word

7. Put your references sources in an alphabetical order (and not in a numbered or bullet

point list)

8. If you cite two sources with the same author, ordering using the year of publication.

The most recent source has to be cited at the end of the list.

EDU731-1: Dissertation

Page 3 EDU731-1: Dissertation

Articles

Journal Article: Author, year of publication, title of article, names of journal (written in italics),

volume, volume (issue - in brackets), pages

Marmor, G. S. (1977). Mental rotation and number conservation: Are they related?

Developmental Psychology, 13(4), 320-330

Books

Book’s chapter: Author, year of publication, chapter title, names of Editors (Ed), name of book

(written in italics), pages, place of publication and publisher

Jones, K. (2002), Issues in the teaching and learning of geometry. In Linda Haggarty (Ed),

Aspects of Teaching Secondary Mathematics, 121-139. London:RoutledgeFalmer

Internet Sources

Online Journal: Author, year of publication, article title, journal title (written in italics), issue,

pages, month and day that it was retrieved and the internet’s source.

Duval, R. (1999). Representation, vision and visualization: Cognitive functions in

mathematical thinking. Basic Issues for learning. Retrieved on 15 April 2013 from ERIC

ED 466 379

Internet source: Author, year , source’s title, Retrieved, month and source

**Please study the APA Guide **

Title of article Author Year

Name of journal Volume (Issue)

Pages