Business & Finance homework

APA In-Text Citation Examples (Citing a source in the text of your paper)

APA style uses parenthetical in-text citations to tell readers where you obtained your information or ideas. You must credit any information you get from another source, including paraphrased text, direct quotations, and original ideas.

In-text citations usually contain the author’s last name Many students have difficulty learning APA style at first and the date of publication, and are usually placed at (Smith, 2005). the end of the sentence or paragraph that refers to the or source. Smith (2005) stated that many students have difficulty

learning APA style. Example: A journal article written by John Smith, published in 2005, would be cited like this in the text of the paper.

If there is no author, use the first few words in the title of the source in quotes. If there is no publication date, use the initials n.d.

Example: A Web page called “Student Guide to Using APA,” with no publication date would be cited like this in the text of the paper.

It is important to use APA correctly so that others can verify your research (“Student Guide,” n.d.).

Note: Do not include the URL of a website you cite in the body of your paper. The URL will be included in your reference page at the end of the paper.

If you are quoting directly from a source, you must Smith (2002) stated, “Quite a few students encounter include the page number the quote is found on. difficulties whenever they attempt to learn APA for the

first time” (p. 122). Example: A quote by John Smith, published in a book or in 2002 would be cited like this in the text of the paper. “Quite a few students encounter difficulties whenever

they attempt to learn APA for the first time” (Smith, 2002, p. 122).

If you are quoting from a quote within a source (secondary work), you reference the source you are using, not the source of the quote.

Example: A study by Seidenberg and McClelland, cited in an article by Coltheart, Curtis, Atkins, & Haller in 1993, would be cited like this in the text of the paper.

“Seidenberg and McClelland’s study (as cited in Coltheart, Curtis, Atkins, & Haller, 1993, p. 53) fills a major gap in previous research.” or Coltheart (1993, p. 53) cited the study by Seidenberg and McClelland, “fills a major gap in precious research.”

Note: Whenever possible, use the primary source. Avoid using secondary sources in your paper.

N a t i o n a l U n i v e r s i t y

APA Reference Guide 20 12

What is APA format?

research issues of handling metadata, conducting research, and ethical issues. In addition to updating reference citation examples to include new media, the editors focused on key American Psychological Association respect in scholarly communication. In July, 2009, the since 1929 established style rules or procedures to encourage ease of reading, accuracy, and The American Psychological Association (APA), both a professional association and a publisher, has

6th edition of the Publication Manual of the was published.

New changes with the 6th edition  Manual: Reorganized chapters to better follow flow

of publishing - Sample paper moved to Chapter 2 - Reference citations examples part of Chapter 7 (more

examples online)  Format: Now use double space following periods within the

text for ease of reading. Reference lists still use single space following all punctuation.

 DOI: If a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is available, you do not need to cite the URL or the database from which the information is retrieved (see examples in this guide).

 No DOI: If no DOI is available for content retrieved online, use the publication home page URL instead of listing the

database. Follow this example: Retrieved from http://www.xxxxxxx. No retrieval date is needed.

How do I get help?  Always check with your Instructor. He or she is the final authority on what your paper should look like, even

if his or her requirements differ from the guidelines outlined in the APA manual!

 Online Writing Center consultants are available. - Visit their webpage: http://www.nu.edu/OurPrograms/StudentServices/writingcenter.html - Go to the online scheduler and make an appointment for an online consultation: http://nu.mywconline.com

 Librarians are available for reference assistance. - Call 1-866-NU-ACCESS (x7900 or “Library”) - Send an e-mail [email protected]

Be sure to check out the APA Style website http://www.apastyle.org/learn/ for tutorials and other resources for learning APA style.

Created by the National University Library in collaboration with the National University Writing Center Copyright © 2012 National University Library System. All rights reserved. Pub 2/12

Library [email protected]

To ask for reference assistance

Library [email protected]

To ask for reference assistance

Writing Center http://nu.mywconline.com

To schedule an online consultation

Writing Center http://nu.mywconline.com

To schedule an online consultation

Book

Chapter in an edited book

Online journal article: DOI

Online journal article: No DOI

If article is freely available, provide

exact URL

Online journal article: No DOI

If retrieved from a database,

provide journal home page URL

Newspaper

Edited book

Internet document: Corporate author

If source material may change over time,

include retrieval dates

Internet document: No author

APA Reference Citation Examples Beck, C. J. A., & Sales, B. D. (2001). Family mediation: Facts, myths, and

future prospects. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Bjork, R. A. (1989). Retrieval inhibitions as an adaptive mechanism in human

memory. In H. L. Roediger III & F. I. M. Craik (Eds.). Varieties of

memory & consciousness (pp. 309-330). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence

Erlbaum.

Brown, A., & Campione, J. (1986, October). Psychological theory and the study

of learning disabilities. American Psychologist, 41(10), 1059-1068.

doi:10.1037/0003-066X.41.10.1059

Campbell, A., & Ntobedzi, A. (2007, December 17). Emotional intelligence,

coping and psychological distress: A partial least squares approach to

developing a predictive model. E-Journal of Applied Psychology, 3(2),

39-54. Retrieved from

http://ojs.lib.swin.edu.au/index.php/ejap/article/view/91

Couillard, D., Garnett, J., Hutchins, A., Fawcett, M., & Maycock, G. (2006,

December). Student risk factors identified by school counselors and

student achievement. Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 52(4),

277-288. Retrieved from

http://www.education.ualberta.ca/educ/journals/ajer.html

Davis, J. (1993, July 15). Drug cuts heart failure risk. The New York Times,

p. A12.

Gibbs, J. T., & Huang, L. N. (Eds.). (1991). Children of color: Psychological

interventions with minority youth. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Greater New Milford (CT) Area Healthy Community 2000, Task Force on Teen

and Adolescent Issues. (n.d.). Who has time for a family meal? You do!

Retrieved October 5, 2000, from http://www.familymealtime.org

GVU’s 8th WWW user survey. (n.d.). Retrieved from

http://www.cc.gatech.edu/gvu/user_surveys/survey-1997-10

Note: Reference entries are double-spaced with a hanging indent. One space follows all punctuation. Give the author’s last name and first initials. Place parentheses around the publication date. Capitalize the first word of the title, subtitle, and proper nouns (if any). Italicize the title of the work and volume number (if any).

If you cannot find an example for your citation, follow the closest model in the APA Manual.

Newspaper: Online version

Web page

Magazine article

Journal article

Legal case

Thesis retrieved from database

ERIC document

Book: No author

Electronic book

Motion picture

Electronic textbook

YouTube or other Internet video

APA Reference Citation Examples Hilts, P. J. (1999, February 16). In forecasting their emotions, most people flunk

out. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com

International Reading Association. (2011). Lesson plans. Retrieved from

http://www.reading.org/Resources/LessonPlans.aspx

Kandel, E. R., & Squire, L. R. (2000, November 10). Neuroscience: Breaking

down scientific barriers to the study of the brain and mind. Science,

290(5494), 1113-1120. doi:10.1126/science.290.5494.1113

Klimoski, R., & Palmer, S. (1993). The ADA and the hiring process in

organizations. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research,

45(2), 10-36. doi:10.1037/1061-4087.45.2.10

Lessard v. Schmidt, 349 F. Supp. 1078 (E.D. Wis. 1972).

McNiel, D. S. (2006). Meaning through narrative: A personal narrative

discussing growing up with an alcoholic mother. Retrieved from

ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 1434728).

Mead, J. V. (1992). Looking at old photographs: Investigating the teacher tales

that novice teachers bring with them (National Center for Research on

Teacher Learning Report No. NCRTL-RR-92-4). Retrieved from ERIC

database. (ED 346082).

Merriam-Webster’s collegiate dictionary (10th ed.). (1993). Springfield, MA:

Merriam-Webster.

Rothstein-Fisch, C. (2003). Bridging cultures: Teacher education module.

Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Retrieved from

http://www.taylorandfrancis.com

Scorsese, M. (Producer), & Lonergan, K. (Writer/Director). (2000). You can

count on me [Motion picture]. United States: Paramount Pictures.

Thompson, A. A. (2008). Crafting and executing strategy: The quest for

competitive advantage: Concepts and cases (16th ed.). Dubuque, IA:

McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Retrieved from http://www.vitalsource.com

YavapaiCollege. (2010, March 31). Diagnosis: Plagiarism [Video file].

Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n3_tin1ik6E