Assignment - (Course: Physical Security) Due - 3 hours from posted
areddy
APAFormattingguidelines1.pptxAPA Citation
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What is APA style?
Standardized system for giving credit to others for their contribution to your work
Is parenthetical (cited in the text)
Guidelines for headings and a reference list
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Parenthetical, which means the citations appear in the text of your paper. Also a reference list we’ll get to later.
What is APA style?
Author’s Last Name
Year of Publication
Page Number (if a direct quote)
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Intro: In these citation, they call for three things.
Why Should I Use APA?
Shows honesty about borrowing others’ intellectual property
Provides evidence of your research
Allows readers to locate your sources
Prevents plagiarism
Honesty=much different from hip-hop and electronic music where borrowing without giving credit is a norm. Academic norm is to explicitly give credit.
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What kind of source do I have?
Book
Page from a Website
Academic (Peer-Reviewed) Journal
In-text Citations: Direct Quote
Example from article (Original Sentence)
“This case study showed that the dominant upper back pain decreased after the RSP decreased through application of RST by using kinesiology tape in a female sedentary worker.”
1. Authors’ names 2. Year of Publication 3. Page number
(2013)
Hwang-Bo, Lee, & Kim
discovered
“dominant upper back pain decreased after the RSP decreased through application of RST by using kinesiology tape in a female sedentary worker”
(p. 611).
Inserted authors’ names, year, and page number at beginning and end
Noticed I also cut off the first part of the sentence because it didn’t really fit with how I wanted to construct my sentence and I want to emphasize their findings.
First time we spell out all name for sources with 1-5 authors. After that, 3,4,5 authors get shortcut the second time. 6 or more authors are always abbreviated.
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Citation at end of sentence
“dominant upper
back pain decreased after the RSP decreased
through application of RST by using kinesiology
tape in a female sedentary worker”
Researchers discovered that
(Hwang-Bo,
Lee, & Kim, 2013, p. 611).
Subsequent References
1-2 authors-----Always spell out all names
Smith (2001) said….
Smith and Jones (1980) examined…
Applicants’ expectations are outlandish (Smith, 2001).
Applicants’ expectations are outlandish (Smith and Jones, 1980).
*Note that these are paraphrases.
Subsequent References: 3-5 Authors
First Reference:
Wiley, Smith, & Jones (2015) stated most left-handers are artistic.
Most left-handers are artistic (Wiley, Smith, & Jones, 2015).
Spell out all names first mention, then use “et al.”
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Subsequent References: 3-5 Authors
Subsequent Reference: Wiley et al. (2015) state scary movies affect left-handers more than right-handers.
Scary movies affect left-handers more than right-handers (Wiley et al., 2015).
6 or more Authors
Start with first author, then use “et al.”
Johnson et al. (2015) defend the claim that…..
No Author Named
Use shortened title of work and year
Kinesiology tape helps with shoulder pain (“Efficacy,” 2013).
In-text Citations: Paraphrase
A paraphrase is the original ideas and thoughts from a source put into your own words.
ALWAYS NEED A CITATION
Only use quotes when the information bears repeating exactly as it was written.
Get back to what constitutes a good and bad paraphrase later
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Why so many different ways to cite?
Using the same way to incorporate sources every time gets redundant and bores your reader
Shows lack of versatility in writing skills
A writer may want to focus on something particular when incorporating a source.
Here are three ways
Idea-focused
Place the author(s) and date(s) in parentheses at an appropriate place in or at the end of a sentence
Example
Researchers have studied how children represent mathematical problems (Alibali, Phillips, & Fischer, 2009; Siegler, 1976).
Here, several reserachers have made an observation about how children represent math problems. When two authors say the same thing, you separate them by a semicolon in your parenthetical
Notice the idea appears first and the citation stuff is at the end, necessarily there, but not the focus of the sentence.
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Researcher-focused
Place only the date in parentheses
Example
Alibali, Phillips, and Fischer (2009) asked, “Did the participants adopt the taught strategies?” (p. 96).
Used when doing literature reviews, critiques, or focusing on method
This author uses a direct quote because it’s important to know what question participants were asked. A paraphrase of the researchers question may not have yielded the same results in the study; therefore, the reader needs the exact words. Notice the use of page number
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Chronology-focused
Integrate both the author and date into your sentence
Example
In 2009 Alibali, Phillips, and Fischer reported that third- and fourth-grade students improved their problem representation when they were taught the equalize strategy but did not improve their problem representation when they were taught the add-subtract strategy
Used when doing literature reviews or when the time of the research is important
Secondary Source Citation
Sometimes, you find a source that quotes another author, and you like what that author said.
If possible, always find the original source where the quote originated from.
The secondary and primary source will have to be cited in the reference list AND in text
These are secondary sources.
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Secondary Source Citation
Paraphrase
Thonus emphasizes that creating an ethical solution requires participation by all parties (as cited in Brufee, 2003).
Direct quotation
Thonus remarks, “writing center literature is filled with reference to our marginality and status as outsiders” (as cited in Brufee, 2003, p. 170).
Reference Page
List of sources cited in paper
Title
Type the word "References" at the top of a new page, centered.
Spacing
All entries should be double-spaced, unless your assignment instructs you otherwise.
Indentation
First line is flush left. Subsequent lines have handing indent
Author names
Last name, first initial: Smith, R.
Only use the author shortcut “et al.” if there are 8 or more authors.
Capitalization Rule in APA
For article title, capitalize
First word of title
First word of subtitle
Any proper nouns (the name of a person or city, for example)
From the sample
Computer-mediated communication effects on disclosure, impressions, and interpersonal evaluations: Getting to know one another a little bit at a time.
Citing a Book
Turkle, S. (2011). Alone together: Why we expect more from technology and less from each other. New York, NY: Basic Books.
E-book
Last name, First initial. (date). Title. Retrieved from www.webpage.com
Have them use their textbook. Pull something out they’ve read at the time of prezi
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Chapter in a book or entry in a reference book
Use for anthologies, textbooks, or edited books
Complete Citation
North, P. (1984). The idea of a writing center. In C. Murphy & S. Sherwood (Eds.), The St. Martin’s sourcebook for writing tutors (pp. 44-58). Boston, MA: Bedford.
Journal Article
Mostly found through library databases
Journal Article
What’s needed
Author(s) name(s)
Year of publication
Article title (follows capitalization rule)
Title of Journal (italicized)
Volume and issue or number of journal
Pages numbers of article
DOI number or URL
Journal Article
Example
Hwang-Bo, G., Lee, J., & Kim, H. (2013). Efficacy of kinesiology taping for recovery of dominant upper back pain in female sedentary worker having a rounded shoulder posture. Technology & Health Care, 21(6), 607-612. doi:10.3233/THC-130753
Government Report
Technical, research, and government reports “can serve a valuable supplementary role” to your research.
Come from government agencies, profit/non-profit research institutes, and educational institutions.
Government Report
Author, A.A. (Date). Title of work (Report No. xxx). Location: Publisher.
List all levels of the government agency.
GPO Reports have publisher location and name as…
Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office
Government Report
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. (2003). Managing asthma: A guide for schools (NIH Publication No. 02-2650). Retrieved fromhttp://www/
nhlbi.nih.gov/health/prof/lung/asthma/ast h_sch.pdf
Page from a Website
Page from a Website
California State University, Bakersfield. (2015). Complaints and grievances. Retrieved July, 7 2015, from http://www.csub.edu
/academicprograms/Complaints%2 0and%20Grievances/index.html
Page from a Website
Publication date of webpage can found at the top or very bottom of the page
Source for additional information
http://ucumberlands.libguides.com/c.php?g=504168&p=3452390
